经导管主动脉瓣置换术后肺动脉压力的变化

目的应用超声心动图评估重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVI)术后肺动脉压力(PASP)的变化。方法入选94例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,均成功完成TAVI手术。根据术前PASP分为两组,无肺动脉高压组(PASP<40mmHg)和肺动脉高压组(PASP≥40mmHg)。结果TAVI术后,无肺动脉高压组和肺动脉高压组PASP均降低。肺动脉高压组具有更小的主动脉瓣面积[(0.58±0.16vs 0.67±0.16)cm^2,P=0.014],更高的主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差[(60.8±17.3vs 53.9±17.2)mmHg,P=0.035],中度以上二尖瓣反流[(11.6vs 3.9)%,P<0.001]和中度以上三尖瓣反流[(13.9vs 1.9)%,P<0.001]发生率更高。结论TAVI术后1年,肺动脉压力明显降低。     

经导管主动脉瓣置入术中的护理

目的分析总结经导管主动脉瓣置入的术中护理要点,以指导临床术中护理。方法回顾性分析2012年4月-5月新开展经股动脉逆行法经导管主动脉瓣置入术3例患者的临床资料。术前备齐手术用物及急救药品、术中协助患者正确体位,准确使用临时起搏器、除颤仪、认真做好病情及并发症观察和护理,总结术中临床护理方法。结果经导管主动脉瓣置入手术顺利成功,术中护理效果满意,无因物品或药品准备不齐及护理不当而影响手术进程、造成患者意外损伤及并发症发生。结论经导管主动脉瓣置入术,术前备齐相应的导管导丝,术中操作规范细致、及时、准确传递用物、认真进行临床观察和护理,手术顺利、成功无不良事件发生及并发症发生。     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术患者的手术护理体会

目的 探讨和总结主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者经导管植入主动脉瓣植入术(transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI)的手术护理体会。方法 本组共8例主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者,术前予卫生宣教、心理护理,并备齐手术中所需药物、器械、仪器设备等;术中严格无菌原则,密切观察患者生命体征、活化凝血时间(activated clotting time,ACT)监测、穿刺点周围出血情况,重点做好器械准备、麻醉配合、食道超声定位、血流动力学监测及临时起搏器和心脏除颤仪的管理;发生并发症时,积极有效地配合医生进行处理。结果 成功完成8例患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术,其中:7例主动脉瓣返流程度改善,1例加重,均无严重并发症发生。结论 熟悉手术步骤,掌握每一步操作的护理配合要领,是保证手术顺利进行和手术成功的重要条件。     

Incidence and Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Requirement after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with a Self‐Expanding Bioprosthesis

Background: Previous reports have suggested the occurrence of cardiac conduction disorders and permanent pacemaker (PPM) requirement after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Based on a single‐center experience, we aim to assess the incidence of postprocedural conduction disorders, need for PPM, and its determinants after TAVI with a self‐expanding bioprosthesis. Methods: From August 2007 to October 2009, 32 consecutive patients underwent TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) System (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). Three patients paced at baseline and two cases of procedure‐related mortality were excluded. We analyzed the 12‐lead electrocardiogram at baseline, immediately after procedure and at discharge. Requirements for PPM were documented and potential clinical, electrophysiological, echocardiographic, and procedural predictors of PPM requirement were studied. Results: After TAVI, eight patients (29.6%) required PPM implantation due to high‐grade atrioventricular (AV) block. The prevalence of left bundle branch block increased from 13.8% to 57.7% directly after implantation (P = 0.001). Need for PPM was correlated to the depth of prosthesis implantation (r = 0.590; P = 0.001). At a cutoff point of 10.1 mm, the likelihood of pacemaker could be predicted with 87.5% sensitivity and 74% specificity and a receiver operator characteristic curve area of 0.86 ± 0.07 (P = 0.003). Of the seven patients with preexisting right bundle branch block (RBBB), four (57.1%) required PPM implantation after TAVI. Conclusions: High‐grade AV block requiring PPM implantation is a common complication following TAVI and could be predicted by a deeper implantation of the prosthesis. Patients with preexisting RBBB also seem to be at risk for the development of high‐grade AV block and subsequent pacemaker implantation. (PACE 2010; 1364–1372)     

超声心动图对经导管三尖瓣置换的效果评价

目的 应用超声心动图评价经导管三尖瓣置换术(TTVI)的效果.方法 选择行TTVI的三尖瓣膜病变患者,记录患者的一般资料、术前合并症、操作成功率、临床总成功率及随访结果.比较分析患者的术前及术后的三尖瓣反流缩流颈、有效反流口半径、有效反流口面积、脉冲多普勒瓣环收缩期峰值速度、三尖瓣环平面收缩位移、左心室射血分数等超声心...     

24例经导管主动脉瓣植入术中并发症的观察及护理

共24例主动脉瓣重度狭窄的患者,行经导管主动脉瓣植入术均获成功。术中发生并发症4例,1例室性颤动,2例血管并发症,1例腹膜后血肿,3例Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,经及时处置均手术成功。因该组患者高龄、病情重、手术风险高,需备齐术中所需物品、药品;术中做好手术配合,操作规范细致;密切观察心电图、血压、血氧饱和度的异常改变,以及穿刺点周围出血情况;设1名专门护士,重点做好临时起搏器及除颤仪的管理,一旦发生并发症,及时配合医生处理。认为护士应在术中熟练掌握监护仪、除颤仪、临时起搏器等仪器操作,熟悉手术进程,熟知术者每一操作配合要领及潜在的风险,及时发现并发症、有效配合抢救。