保健食品中总黄酮的超声波提取条件优化研究

目的研究保健食品总黄酮含量测定的超声提取最佳条件。方法采用单因素分析法和正交试验法,以保健食品总黄酮含量为考察指标,研究不同料液比(1:25～1:5)、超声提取时间(10～40min)和乙醇浓度(50%～100%)对保健食品总黄酮提取量的影响。采用紫外分光光度法进行测定。结果由正交试验数据分析可知,影响因素的主次顺序是料液比乙醇浓度提取时间。在60%乙醇,料液比1:20,超声提取时间为20min条件下从保健食品中提取出的总黄酮含量最高,平均值为5.370mg。总黄酮的线性范围在1.0～40μg/ml之间,所得回归方程为y=0.0033x-0.0109,相关系数为0.9995,检出限为1.0μg/ml。该方法的加标回收率为95%～104%(n=3),RSD为1.717%(n=5)。结论该方法在最佳提取条件下进行,精密度和准确度均较高,空白低且稳定,适用于保健食品和某些食品中总黄酮的检测。     

新疆不同产地药桑葚总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性

目的 基于响应面设计优化药桑葚总黄酮的提取工艺,比较新疆不同产地药桑葚总黄酮含量的差异及其与抗氧化活性间的关系。方法 通过单因素实验考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声功率和超声时间对药桑葚总黄酮含量测定的影响,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计优化得出最优提取工艺参数。同时以羟自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力等抗氧化活性指标评价药桑葚的体外抗氧化活性。结果 最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数45%、料液比1∶20 g/mL、超声功率300 W、超声时间60 min,该条件下,6个产地药桑葚的总黄酮含量库车市>喀什市>库车乌恰镇>和田市>英吉沙县>于田县,其中库车市的药桑葚总黄酮含量为(27.159±0.091)mg/g,不同产地药桑葚总黄酮含量差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。体外抗氧化活性分析显示,库车市与和田市的药桑葚抗氧化活性较强,各产地药桑葚的羟自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力和总抗氧化能力差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,药桑葚的总黄酮含量与抗氧化能力具有相关性,可加强羟自由基清除作用。结论 超声波辅助法提取药桑葚总黄酮简便,所...     

蒙药阿拉坦五味丸总黄酮的超声提取工艺研究

目的:通过超声提取法研究蒙药阿拉坦五味丸中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交实验,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,考察乙醇浓度,料液比,超声时间和提取温度等因素对超声提取工艺的影响,确定其最佳提取工艺条件。结果:乙醇作溶剂对总黄酮的提取效率较高,且最佳提取工艺条件是:乙醇浓度70%,料液比1∶50,超声时间60min,超声温度60℃。结论:在该条件下,阿拉坦五味丸总黄酮的提取具有时间短、收率高、耗能小等优点。     

不同产地延胡索有效成分的含量测定

目的考察不同产地延胡索有效成分的含量,为延胡索的质量标准提供一定的依据。方法对延胡索的HPLC含量测定方法进行考察与优化,建立延胡索的HPLC含量测定方法,并采用该方法同时测定原阿片碱、盐酸小檗碱和延胡索乙素的含量,采用电位滴定法测定不同产地延胡索总生物碱的含量。结果不同产地延胡索中原阿片碱的含量在0.2994～1.2419mg/g之间;盐酸小檗碱的含量在0.0839～0.1524mg/g之间;延胡索乙素的含量在0.4492～1.6504mg/g之间;总生物碱的含量在4.03～6.48mg/g之间。结论不同产地的延胡索中有效成分的含量差异较大。     

正交试验法优化吴茱萸的乙醇提取工艺研究

目的用正交实验提取吴茱萸中有效成分吴茱萸碱,优选吴茱萸的提取路线。方法采用HPLC法测定吴茱萸乙醇提物中吴茱萸碱的含量,求出最佳条件。结果乙醇浓度、乙醇用量对吴茱萸碱的提取影响较大,回流时间则次之。结论经筛选,吴茱萸中生物碱乙醇提取的工艺路线为:吴茱萸用70%乙醇回流1.5h,乙醇用量为400ml时提取效果最好,在此条件下吴茱萸中生物碱提取完全。     

Box-Behnken设计优化瓜子金中总皂苷的提取工艺

目的探索瓜子金总皂苷的最佳提取工艺。方法选取提取时间、液料比和乙醇浓度为考察因素,基于提取方式预选及单因素实验检测结果,应用Box-Behnken中心组合建立数学模型,以总皂苷提取率为响应值进行响应面分析,从而得到最佳工艺。结果通过Box-Behnken优化设计的最佳提取方案为乙醇浓度73%、液料比89 ml/g、微波提取时间53 min;总皂苷提取率预测值为8.96%,实测值为9.07%,相对误差为1.21%。结论本研究所得瓜子金总皂苷提取工艺科学可靠,可为瓜子金药材的开发奠定初步基础。     

肾蕨不同部位总黄酮含量测定

优化肾蕨总黄酮提取工艺条件,测定肾蕨不同部位总黄酮含量。采用乙醇回流法从肾蕨中提取总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对其总黄酮提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明乙醇回流提取肾蕨总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%,提取时间120min,提取温度80℃,料液比1:70(g/ml)。在此条件下,测得肾蕨根、茎和叶总黄酮的含量分别为0.326 mg/g、0.253 mg/g和0.442mg/g,加样平均回收率率为100.15%,RSD为0.17%。该方法简便,准确度较高,回收率较好,可用于肾蕨总黄酮的提取和含量测定。     

响应面优化黄皮叶中的活性因子超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的优化黄皮叶中活性因子总黄酮的超声提取工艺条件,并测定其抗氧化活性。方法以乙醇体积分数、超声时间及料液比为影响因子,以黄皮叶总黄酮得率为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优选黄皮叶总黄酮超声提取工艺,并测定黄皮叶总黄酮体外清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、羟自由基和总抗氧化的活性。结果黄皮叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数18%、超声时间73 min、料液比31∶1(m L/g)。在此条件下,黄皮叶总黄酮得率达到(1.300±0.006)%。黄皮叶总黄酮得率大小的主次因素为乙醇体积分数>超声时间>料液比,其中超声时间与料液比因素之间的交互作用显著。黄皮叶总黄酮体外清除DPPH和羟自由基的IC50值分别为0.282 mg/m L、1.152 mg/m L,用三价铁还原抗氧化能力(ferric-reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)法测得1 mg/m L黄酮的FRAP值为533.3μmol/L。结论该所选工艺合理、可行,可用于黄皮叶总黄酮的超声提取;三种测定方法均说明黄皮叶总黄酮在一定浓度下有抗氧化活性。     

紫草籽中总黄酮的超声提取法

为探讨新疆紫草籽中总黄酮的超声波提取法,采用正交试验法,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,对影响总黄酮超声提取的因素进行研究.结果显示,新疆紫草籽总黄酮的优化提取工艺为70%乙醇、料液比1 g:20 ml、提取时间60 min.其中乙醇浓度对提取效果影响显著.该工艺设计合理,操作简单可行,适用于紫草籽中总黄酮的提取.     

紫叶李皮中总黄酮提取工艺优化及其抑菌作用的研究

目的 利用正交实验研究紫叶李皮中总黄酮（Prunus cerasifera ehrh Cv. atropurpurca total flavone,PTF）的最佳提取工艺,并对其总黄酮的抑菌杀菌作用进行探讨。方法 采用乙醇浸提法,以PTF提取率为考察指标,考察乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、料液比等实验因素,采用L9（34）正交实验方法优化PTF提取工艺;应用琼脂平板扩散法、微量肉汤稀释法和琼脂培养基平板法测定PTF的体外抑菌作用。结果 紫叶李皮中提取PTF的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度80%,提取时间3 h,提取温度60℃,料液比1∶35,此时PTF达到最佳提取率29.93%。PTF提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑菌和杀菌作用,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）均是12.6 mg/ml,最低杀菌浓度（MBC）均是25.2 mg/ml,其抑菌和杀菌能力与PTF的浓度有一定的剂量关系。结论 本实验所确定的PTF提取工艺简单可行、稳定性好,在最佳条件下其最佳提取率可达到 29.93%,同时PTF具有较好的抑菌杀菌作用。     

广西益母草中总碱的提取研究

目的:探究超声波法和普通回流法提取广西益母草中总碱的效益。方法:超声波法和普通回流法。结果:在提取益母草总碱时,超声波提取法较回流提取法有省时、节能、提出率高等优点。结论:用超声波法提取益母草中的总碱优于用普通回流法,超声波法提取益母草总碱的最佳条件为超声波频率为80 kHz,超声处理40 min,以75%乙醇为溶剂。     

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis of polyphenols and purine alkaloids in leaves of 22 tea cultivars in China

Using the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method, polyphenols and purine alkaloids were analyzed in young leaves of 22 tea cultivars mainly for making oolong tea in China. Ultrasonic extraction in acetonitrile–water (1:1, v/v) was chosen for the preparation of samples for HPLC analysis. Separations were performed on an ODS column with linear gradient elution by the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 1% formic acid aqueous solution. Compared with the standards and data in the literature, 11 catechins, two purine alkaloids, and three non-catechin type of polyphenols were identified, including (−)-epigallocatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin-3,5-digallate, (−)-epicatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) gallate, and (−)-epicatechin-3,5-digallate, which are not common catechins in all tea leaves. The contents of the major components, nine catechins and two purine alkaloids were quantified by the HPLC method which were fully validated. The composition of catechins in the leaves of Fujian and Taiwan cultivars group was similar, while the contents of gallated catechins were higher in Guangdong cultivars group than in Fujian and Taiwan cultivars group.     

红薯叶中总黄酮提取工艺的研究

目的:为充分利用红薯叶植物资源,避免资源的浪费,探讨红薯叶总黄酮的提取及鉴别方法。方法:采用超声波乙醇浸提法从红薯叶中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果:测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=19.50%,回收率为102.0%,其纯度和产率均较高。结论:该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取红薯叶黄酮类物质的有效途径。     

忍冬植株不同部位中金属元素及总黄酮含量的比较研究

目的:对忍冬植株不同部位(花蕾、藤、叶)中金属元素及总黄酮含量进行比较研究,为综合开发忍冬藤、叶资源提供一定理论依据。方法:利用火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)测定样品中金属元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca含量;紫外分光光度法测定样品中总黄酮含量。结果:忍冬藤、叶,尤其是叶中金属元素(Fe、Mg、Ca)及总黄酮含量均超过花蕾中含量。结论:从化学成分(无机元素)的角度说明忍冬藤、叶成分与花蕾相似性,且叶中总黄酮含量高于花蕾中含量,为忍冬藤、叶同样可发挥一定清热解毒作用以及综合开发忍冬藤、叶资源提供一定的理论依据。     

苦瓜总黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

目的:为充分利用苦瓜植物资源,避免资源的浪费,探讨苦瓜总黄酮的提取及鉴别方法。方法:采用超声波乙醇浸提法从苦瓜中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果:测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=6.72%,回收率为101.0%,其纯度和产率均较高。结论:该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取苦瓜黄酮类物质的有效途径。     

黑骨藤不同提取物中重金属元素含量的测定

目的:了解黑骨藤及其不同提取物中重金属元素的组成及含量。方法:黑骨藤经消解后,采用原子荧光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法检测。结果:对黑骨藤中5种重金属元素进行检测,不同黑骨藤提取物中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cu的含量具有明显差异。结论:黑骨藤不同提取物中重金属含量分布不同,对新药开发具有重要指导意义。     

Chemical composition of a new variety of the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis cv. Inti) with low-alkaloid content

The chemical composition of the seeds of the low-alkaloid variety “Inti” of the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) grown in the south of Chile was examined. The contents of (% of dry weight) total alkaloids, protein, lipids, and oligosaccharides were found to be 0.0075, 51.0, 16.0, and 14.7%, respectively. The low levels of the sulfur amino acids (2.38% of total protein) made them the first amino acids to limit the protein quality of these lupin seeds. The fatty acid pattern was C16:0,13.9%; C18:0, 3.0%; C18:1, 41.8%; C18:2, 38.9%; and C18:3,2.6% of total fatty acids. The α-galactoside amounted to 13.5% of dry weight (raffinose, 2.49%; stachyose, 10.1%, verbascose, 0.85%). It can be stated that “Inti” is highly interesting as a potential protein energy crop for a temperate climate.     

蔬菜中类黄酮物质的高效液相色谱测定法

目的:建立蔬菜中类黄酮的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:摸索优化水解、萃取条件,建立高效液相色谱测定方法,并对天津市售30种蔬菜中槲皮素、杨梅黄酮、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基的含量进行测定。结果:所建立的高效液相色谱法变异系数范围为2.8%～6.5%,回收率范围为90.2%～108.4%,槲皮素、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇检测下限为0.4mg/L,杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基为0.8mg/L。30种蔬菜中29种检测出了槲皮素,含量在7.55～0.60mg/100g鲜重范围,5种检测出芹菜配基,7种检测出玉米黄酮,8种检测出杨梅黄酮,而坎二菲醇在30种蔬菜中均未检出;藕、洋葱、豆角、西红柿、芹菜等蔬菜的类黄酮含量较高。结论:本研究建立的方法可靠,并具有较高的准确度和精密度。所测定的蔬菜中类黄酮物质的组成和含量差异较大,槲皮素为主要的类黄酮。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and Preliminary Investigation of Its Mechanism

Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC) is widely used in China both for food and folk medicine because of its powerful biological activities. Firstly, this study was designed to examine the antiproliferative activities of the different fractions from BFC in vitro by MTT assay. The results showed that chloroform extracts (CE) and the purified total alkaloids of BFC (TAF) exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity than the other fractions. We further determined the total alkaloids and 3 main alkaloids monomers content of CE and TAF by UV and HPLC-ELSD methods, respectively. Moreover, we assessed the antitumor activity of TAF in vivo and made preliminary investigation of its antitumor mechanism by histological and immunohistochemical staining technique. These results demonstrate that TAF showed significant antitumor activity and low toxicity in vivo. Meanwhile, TAF significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis and induced apoptosis by improvement of expression level of caspase-3. These results suggest that alkaloids of BFC could hold a good potential for use as an antitumor drug.     

Nutritional quality of some wild leafy vegetables in South Africa

Wild vegetables play an important role in the diet of inhabitants of different parts of the world. Among the wild vegetables of South Africa are Chenopodium album, Sonchus asper, Solanumnigrum and Urtica urens. The leaves of these plants were analysed for their nutritive value, anti-nutritive components and polyphenolic contents. The protein contents of their leaves ranged between 13.25% and 26.44%, while the fibre and mineral (ash) contents were 16.08–23.08% and 13.0–27.75%, respectively. U. urens contained the highest concentrations of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and zinc. A high level of iron was observed in S. asper. These values were found to be comparable with or higher than those of commonly used vegetables such as spinach, lettuce and cabbage. The total phenolic contents ranged between 4.58 and 10.53 mg/g. In terms of anti-nutritional principles, all the vegetables had comparatively lower concentrations of phytate, alkaloids and saponins. Considering the amount of available mineral elements in the vegetables, these plants could be valuable and important contributors to the diets of the people in South Africa.