地佐环平对兔视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞调节作用的研究

目的探讨地佐环平（Dizoclipine,MK-801）对兔视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用。方法30只健康雄性日本大耳白家兔随机分为5组,双眼制作视神经损伤模型。5组动物左眼为治疗组,于玻璃体腔内注入MK-801溶液;右眼为对照组,同法注入等量0．9％氯化钠溶液。于1、3、7、14、28d各处死1组家兔,摘取双眼进行视网膜末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记（TUNEL）,光镜下记数对应部位存活视网膜神经节细胞数及TUNEL染色阳性细胞数。结果治疗组各时段治疗组存活视网膜神经节细胞数与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;除视神经损伤1d外,余时间点治疗组TUNEL阳性细胞数与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论MK-801对兔视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞具有一定保护作用。     

葛根素注射液治疗青光眼视神经损害的疗效观察

目的　观察葛根素治疗青光眼视神经损害的疗效。方法　对 4 7例 (6 9眼 )已行小梁切除术后14d眼压正常的有青光眼视神经损害病人随机分成两组 ,治疗组 2 6例 (38眼 ) ,用葛根素注射液治疗 ,每天 1次 ,共 4周 ,对照组 2 1例 (31眼 ) ,用能量合剂治疗 ,每天 1次 ,共 4周。观察治疗前后视力、眼压、视野、视觉诱发电位的变化。结果　 3例 (4眼 )淘汰。视力提高有效率 ,治疗组 6 9 4 % ,对照组 2 0 7% (P <0 0 1) ;视野改善有效率 ,治疗组 6 3 9% ,对照组 10 3% (P <0 0 1)。结论　葛根素注射液对青光眼视神经损害有明显的增视作用。     

神经电刺激仪电流强度对糖尿病兔坐骨神经阻滞的影响

目的观察神经电刺激仪电流大小对糖尿病兔坐骨神经定位的影响。方法静脉注射链脲菌素复制糖尿病兔模型,神经电刺激仪起始电流分别为1mA(高电流组)或0.5mA(低电流组)定位糖尿病兔坐骨神经,记录最低刺激电流,固定阻滞针注射0.5mL墨水后,将相应组织冰冻切片,观察墨水渗入神经的程度。结果低电流组,阻滞针与坐骨神经距离平均为―(1.3±0.4)mm;高电流组,阻滞针与坐骨神经距离平均为(1.4±0.2)mm。低电流和高电流组分别有16只和2只实验兔墨水直接注入坐骨神经(P<0.05)。结论在链脲菌素建立的糖尿病兔模型中,神经电刺激电流大小与阻滞针-坐骨神经距离成正相关。     

Histamine in retina, optic nerve, choroid and brain of albino and pigmented rabbits

Retina, optic nerve and various brain structures of both albino and pigmented rabbits contained histamine in the range of 40-400 ng/g tissue; choroid of both animal strains was characterized by several times higher amine content, i.e. 1.2-5.5 micrograms/g tissue. Among the studied structures the brain tissue was the only one able to synthesize substantially histamine from 1-histidine. Histological analysis of the ocular structures revealed the presence of mast cells only in the choroid of both albino and pigmented rabbits. Incubation of either the retina or optic nerve or choroid with compound 48/80 produced release of histamine only from the choroid.     

Effects of Pycnogenol on cisplatin-induced optic nerve injury: an experimental study

Aim: To determine the effects of Pycnogenol on cisplatin-induced optic nerve damage.

Material and method: Totally 18 albino Wistar male rats were assigned into three groups, with six rats in each group as follows: healthy controls (HC group), only cisplatin (2.5?mg/kg) administered group (CIS group) and Pycnogenol (40?mg/kg)?+?cisplatin (2.5?mg/kg) administered group (PYC group). We analyzed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, total glutathione (tGSH) as a marker of antioxidant status, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as inflammatory markers, total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) on eye tissue together with histopathological evaluation of optic nerve in an experimental model.

Results: In CIS group MDA, TOS, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were statistically significantly higher (p?p?p?p?Conclusion: Pycnogenol pretreatment was highly effective in preventing augmentation of cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in eye tissue.     

托珠单抗和硫唑嘌呤对NMOSD患者视神经炎后视神经变化的影响#br#

摘要：目的　比较托珠单抗和硫唑嘌呤对视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）视神经炎（ON）后视觉功能系统变化的影响。方法　回顾性分析天津医科大学总医院神经内科收治的NMOSD患者67例,其中托珠单抗组33例,受累眼42只;硫唑嘌呤组34例,受累眼44只。采用视力表、光学相干断层显像、视觉诱发电位（VEP）检测并比较2组受累眼视力、黄斑区视神经节细胞复合体（GCC）厚度、视乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度（pRNFL）、VEP P100波幅和潜伏期在随访1年前后的变化以及2组之间对应指标的差异。结果　与用药前相比,用药后托珠单抗和硫唑嘌呤组患者受累眼的最小分辨角对数（LogMAR）视力和低对比度视力均未发生明显变化,但2组患者受累眼黄斑区GCC、视乳头周围pRNFL厚度均变薄,VEP P100波幅均降低（P＜0.05）,硫唑嘌呤组患者VEP P100潜伏期延长（P＜0.01）,硫唑嘌呤组VEP P100波幅降低幅度较托珠单抗组大（P＜0.05）。结论　托珠单抗和硫唑嘌呤均不能逆转NMOSD患者ON后受累眼视神经变性萎缩的过程。但与硫唑嘌呤相比,托珠单抗可能有助于延缓视神经轴索变性。     

鲑鱼降钙素对兔激素性股骨头缺血性坏死形态计量学的影响

观察鲑鱼降钙素对兔激素性股骨头缺血性坏死（SANFH）的病理组织结构和形态计量学的影响。将20只健康成年大白兔随机分为两组,每组10只,对照组注射生理盐水+地塞米松磷酸钠,观察组注射生理盐水+地塞米松磷酸钠+鲑鱼降钙素,两组均每周注射青霉素钠40万U预防感染。于第6周处死动物后,取双侧后腿股骨头,行脱钙、包埋、切片,在光镜下观察股骨头病理组织结构,并应用图像分析软件进行形态计量学测量。镜下观察两组均有髓内脂肪细胞增多,但对照组骨小梁结构较少,空骨陷窝较多。观察组中平均骨小梁面积、骨小梁密度高于对照组（P<0.05）,空骨陷窝率低于对照组（P<0.01）,脂肪细胞面积比较两组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。应用鲑鱼降钙素能改善SANFH的骨组织结构,减轻激素所致的骨质疏松,增加股骨头骨小梁密度及面积,但不能改善微观脂质代谢紊乱。     

Effect of adenosine on pulmonary circulation of rabbits

The effect and mechanism of action of adenosine on the pulmonary circulation of rabbits were studied. Adenosine (10(-5)-10(-3) M) produced a concentration-dependent decrease in pulmonary arterial tension of precontracted pulmonary arterial rings. Removal of endothelium (denuded) augmented the adenosine-induced vasodilation in the pulmonary arterial rings. Theophylline (5 x 10(-5) M), an adenosine receptor antagonist, reduces the vasodilation induced by adenosine in intact and denuded rings. Pretreatment of the pulmonary rings with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 x 10(-6) M) significantly attenuated the adenosine-induced relaxation in denuded but not in the intact pulmonary arterial rings. Methylene blue (5 x 10(-5) M), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, significantly reduced the relaxation induced by adenosine in both the intact and the denuded arterial rings. Adenosine significantly attenuated the pressor responses of serotonin and acetylcholine in the intact and denuded rabbit's pulmonary arterial rings. The results of this study indicate that adenosine induces pulmonary vasodilation and that functional endothelium is not required to evoke this dilation. In addition, guanylate cyclase activity and the generation of cGMP is essential for adenosine to induce vasodilation in the rabbit lung. Furthermore, the results of this study may suggest that adenosine could be used to reduce the severity of pulmonary hypertension and possibly pulmonary edema.     

注射用复方胞肌与胞二磷胆碱治疗视神经萎缩的比较

目的：对比观察注射用复方胞肌与胞二磷胆碱治疗视神经萎缩的临床疗效。方法：将６０例视神经萎缩患者随机分为２组,治疗组采用注射用复方胞肌（复方组）,对照组采用胞二磷胆碱（胞液组）,均球后注射给药,２０次为一疗程,将用药前后的视力、视野、视觉诱发电位（ＰＶＥＰ和ＦＶＥＰ）进行比较。结果：临床试验显示复方组各项指标及总疗效均显著优于胞液组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：组成注射用复方胞肌的两药具有较好的协同作用,     

视神经管减压术后联合使用神经节苷脂的疗效观察

目的探究经额-颞-眶-颧硬膜内外联合入路视神经管减压术后联合使用神经节苷脂对视神经功能恢复观察。方法选取施行视神经管减压术的30例患者,15例使用神经节苷脂100mg加5%葡萄糖250ml,选择静脉滴注,1次/天,持续两周为一个疗程,然后减少剂量神经节苷脂改用40mg,再使用一个疗程,治疗后半年到一年内随访,记录疗效,观察患者视力情况。结果术前常规治疗组和神经节苷脂治疗组并无治疗效果上的显著差异,常规单独手术组15例里有3例无视力改善,有效的患者为5例,显效患者为3例,4例特效。而神经节苷脂组中无视力改善的患者为1例,有效患者为7例,显效患者为3例,5例特效。神经节苷脂组的患者视力恢复情况高于常规单独治疗组。结论入路视神经管减压术有效清除血肿,减少对视神经的压迫,给受损的视神经创造良好的空间,这是视神经恢复的关键,使用神经节苷脂联合入路视神经管减压术能够有效促进视神经组织恢复,提高患者术后视力状况。     

睫状神经营养因子与生长相关蛋白- 43在视神经损伤修复中作用

<正>人类和其他成年哺乳动物的成熟中枢神经系统损伤后由于内在因素轴突很难再生,功能不可逆性丧失[1]。视神经作为中枢神经的一部分,由于解剖上     

Effects of adenosine triphosphate on methanol-induced experimental optic nerve damage in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Abstract

Purpose

Acute methanol exposure leads to systemic intoxication and toxic optic neuropathy. In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the protective effects of intravenous administration of ATP in methanol-induced optic neuropathy.     

Baroreceptor reflexes in postural control of circulation in rabbits

The present study was undertaken to evaluate reflex cardiovascular responses to postural stress in rabbits. The changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored in the supine position and following sudden passive head up tilt (HUT), and head down tilt (HDT) to 70 degrees. The results show a significant increase in MAP (18.57%, P less than 0.001) and HR (2.92%, P less than 0.02) with HUT; and a marked decrease in MAP (43.48%, P less than 0.001) and HR (8.21%, P less than 0.001) with HDT (as compared to the values in supine position). The changes in MAP were found to be more marked than those in HR. The depressor responses to HDT were more marked than the pressor responses to HUT.     

Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid responses in the rat optic nerve

Depolarising GABA(A) receptor-mediated responses recorded from the optic nerve using a grease gap technique were modulated by classical potentiators of GABA(A) receptors. The benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide, the barbiturate, pentobarbitone and the widely used anaesthetic, propofol, all potentiated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses. They did so with different maximal efficacies, propofol>pentobarbitone>chlordiazepoxide, and potencies on the basis of EC(50) estimates, chlordiazepoxide>propofol>pentobarbitone. The greater than expected GABA potentiating properties of propofol were explained by a direct hyperpolarising action that occurred in the same concentration range as its action at the GABA(A) receptor but that was unlikely to be mediated by GABA(A) receptors.     

Effects of neuropeptides and capsaicin on the canine tracheal vasculature in vivo.

1. The nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nervous system may control the airway vasculature via various neuropeptides. We have perfused the cranial tracheal arteries of the anaesthetized dog and investigated the effects of neuropeptides and capsaicin (which is supposed to release neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings) on the tracheal vasculature by injecting them locally into the perfusion system. 2. Neurokinin A (NKA, 0.02-20 pmol), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 2-200 pmol) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI, 0.02-2 nmol) dose-dependently decreased tracheal vascular resistance (Rtv). NKA was 10 and 100 times more potent than CGRP and PHI, respectively. The duration of the response to CGRP was greatly prolonged with larger doses. Galanin (0.2-2 nmol) had no appreciable effect on Rtv. 3. Neuropeptide Y (NPY 0.02-2 nmol) and bombesin (0.02-10 nmol) dose-dependently increased Rtv. However, the dose-response curve for bombesin was bell-shaped suggesting the development of tachyphylaxis with larger doses. In smaller doses, bombesin was twice as potent as NPY. The duration of the response to NPY was prolonged with larger doses. 4. With the exception of PHI no neuropeptide altered tracheal smooth muscle tone; PHI (1 and 2 nmol) caused small dilatations of the trachea. 5. The effects of capsaicin (2-100 nmol) were complex. Usually, the vascular response had two dose-dependent phases: a rapid vasoconstriction followed by a small, longer-lasting vasodilatation. The tracheal smooth muscle response was usually biphasic, a contraction followed by a relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)