动态光学乳腺成像技术诊断乳腺癌指标初探

目的：动态光学乳腺成像技术（dynamic optical breast imaging,DOBI）对乳腺癌诊断指标进行初步探讨。材料和方法：接受DOBI及乳腺活检的患者共52例,均为女性。乳腺癌组19例,非乳腺癌组33例。结果：非乳腺癌感兴趣区内的“蓝色病灶”85．42％为漂移或发散,而乳腺癌68．42％为聚焦;非乳腺癌的“蓝色病灶”代谢曲线86．46％为平缓下降或呈波浪状,而乳腺癌以直线下降为多,达57．37％;64．58％非乳腺癌感兴趣区内的“蓝色病灶”代谢曲线与非蓝区代谢曲线相同,78．95％乳腺癌患者的代谢曲线与非蓝区代谢曲线不同;乳腺癌患者“蓝色病灶”代谢值（平均值为-5．77±2．13）的绝对值明显高于非乳腺癌患者（平均值为-3．34±0．87;P〈0．05）。结论：DOBI空间特征的局限、聚焦且稳定、代谢曲线呈陡直下降对恶性或可疑恶性病变诊断价值更大,其次为代谢值的绝对值较大（多大于｜-5｜）。     

健康人停经前乳腺动态增强MRI表现

目的评价健康人停经前乳腺动态增强MRI表现,探讨其鉴别健康人停经前乳腺实质内出现的增强灶和良恶性病变的能力.材料和方法对18例健康自愿者和40例乳腺病变患者行3D动态增强MRI检查.分析实质增强灶数量、形态、早期增强率和时间-信号强度曲线形态并与良恶性病变比较.结果55.6%的自愿者乳腺内出现实质增强灶.其表现为片状或结节状,边缘模糊、不规则或光滑,早期增强率小于良恶性病变,与腺体无明显差异,时间-信号强度曲线均为单相型,明显不同于恶性病变.结论停经前妇女乳腺内出现对比增强灶是一种正常表现,时间-信号强度曲线是鉴别实质增强灶与恶性病变的很好方法.     

乳腺疾病的动态增强MRI研究

目的　评价动态增强MRI对乳腺良、恶性病变的诊断价值。方法　对 63例临床疑为乳腺疾病的患者进行前瞻性常规MRI平扫和动态增强MRI扫描。分析比较良、恶性病变的形态学及强化特征 ,根据MRI表现鉴别良、恶性疾病 ,并与X线及病理结果比较。结果　 63例患者共计 78个病灶 ,恶性 33个 ,良性 45个。动态增强MRI根据病变的形态学和强化特征诊断乳腺良、恶性病变的准确率为 92 %。结论　动态增强MRI能清晰显示乳腺病变并作出定性诊断 ,因而是评价乳腺疾病的一种有效的影像学方法。     

乳腺恶性肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的　评价MRI诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法　对37例乳腺恶性肿瘤进行MRI平扫和增强扫描,并对照X线、B超及手术病理结果,分析比较了增强前病变形状、边界、内部信号,以及增强后病变强化特征。结果　平扫及增强MRI对37例乳腺恶性肿瘤患者的诊断准确率分别为84.5%和94.6%。结论　平扫及增强MRI是诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的有效影像学方法。     

乳腺专用磁共振成像、乳腺X线摄影及超声检查对乳腺癌诊断价值的对照研究

目的回顾性比较研究乳腺专用磁共振成像(dedicated breast magnetic resonance imaging,DBMRI)、超声(ultrasound,US)及乳腺X线摄影(mammography,MG)3种检查方法对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法搜集我院行手术治疗并于术前同时行DBMRI、MG及US 3种检查的患者共612例,剔除36例于检查时已行新辅助化疗的患者,共576例患者纳入本研究,所有入组患者均以病理学结果作为金标准。数据分析与统计采用SPSS 13.0统计软件。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 DBMR对乳腺癌病灶检出的敏感性为97.1%,高于MG(77.6%)(χ2=53.904,P=0.000)及US(91.0%)(χ2=10.370,P=0.001);MG对乳腺癌病灶检出的特异性为88.8%,高于DB-MR(82.8%)(χ2=3.925,P=0.048)及US(82.5%)(χ2=4.383,P=0.036)。对于导管内癌,DBMRI检出的敏感性为97.9%,高于US(77.8%)(χ2=29.445,P=0.000)及MG(71.1%)(χ2=9.680,P=0.002)。在致密型乳腺中,DBMRI诊断灵敏度高为96.0%,高于MG(66.7%)(χ2=35.806,P=0.000);US诊断敏感性为92.1%,高于MG(66.7%)(χ2=24.812,P=0.000)。在非致密型乳腺中,DBMR诊断敏感性为97.9%,高于MG(85%)(χ2=19.684,P=0.000)及US(90.4%)(χ2=19.684,P=0.002)。DBMRI、MG、US对伴钙化的乳腺癌检出的敏感性分别为98.3%、94.0%和94.8%。结论 DBMRI对乳腺癌的检出敏感性高,但特异性较低;对于导管内癌的诊断,DBMRI具有显著优势;在致密型乳腺乳腺癌的检出中,DBMRI与US均具有高敏感性,优于MG。     

Investigating the Image Quality and Utility of Synthetic MRI in the Breast

PurposeSynthetic MRI reconstructs multiple sequences in a single acquisition. In the present study, we aimed to compare the image quality and utility of synthetic MRI with that of conventional MRI in the breast.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the imaging data of 37 women (mean age: 55.1 years; range: 20–78 years) who had undergone both synthetic and conventional MRI of T2-weighted, T1-weighted, and fat-suppressed (FS)-T2-weighted images. Two independent breast radiologists evaluated the overall image quality, anatomical sharpness, contrast between tissues, image homogeneity, and presence of artifacts of synthetic and conventional MRI on a 5-point scale (5 = very good to 1 = very poor). The interobserver agreement between the radiologists was evaluated using weighted kappa.ResultsFor synthetic MRI, the acquisition time was 3 min 28 s. On the 5-point scale evaluation of overall image quality, although the scores of synthetic FS-T2-weighted images (4.01 ± 0.56) were lower than that of conventional images (4.95 ± 0.23; P < 0.001), the scores of synthetic T1- and T2-weighted images (4.95 ± 0.23 and 4.97 ± 0.16) were comparable with those of conventional images (4.92 ± 0.27 and 4.97 ± 0.16; P = 0.484 and 1.000, respectively). The kappa coefficient of conventional MRI was fair (0.53; P < 0.001), and that of conventional MRI was fair (0.46; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe image quality of synthetic T1- and T2-weighted images was similar to that of conventional images and diagnostically acceptable, whereas the quality of synthetic T2-weighted FS images was inferior to conventional images. Although synthetic MRI images of the breast have the potential to provide efficient image diagnosis, further validation and improvement are required for clinical application.     

MRI脂肪抑制技术在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 评价MRI脂肪抑制技术在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 对60例女性乳腺(包括40例恶性和20例良性病变)进行MRI检查,选用频率饱和法压脂或反转恢复成像,30例行压脂三维动态增强扫描,并绘制它们的时间-信号强度动态曲线.结果 MRI脂肪抑制的乳腺图像显示40例46个良性病灶,20例22个恶性病灶.增强扫描MRI 30例显示38个病灶,20个良性,18个恶性.18个恶性病灶对比强化程度较病灶平扫时信号明显增高.乳腺动态增强的时间-信号强度曲线分型流出型14例恶性、2例良性;平台型3例恶性、2例良性;单相型1例恶性、16例良性;两者差异有显著性意义(P《0.01).单相型提示良性,平台型提示可疑恶性,流出型提示恶性.结论 MRI脂肪抑制成像及动态增强扫描是诊断乳腺肿瘤的有效方法.     

3D -FLASH序列动态MR增强扫描技术在乳腺疾病中的应用

目的 探讨3D-FLASH动态增强扫描在乳腺疾病检查中的应用价值. 方法 将108例经病理证实的乳腺疾病患者作为研究对象,均为女性,年龄35～76岁,平均47岁,使用Siemens 1.0T超导磁共振扫描仪和双环极阵列乳腺线圈.均先常规平扫,静脉注射造影剂Gd-DTPA(0.1 mmol/kg体重)后,三维-快速小角度激发(3D-FLASH)序列获得双侧乳腺轴位动态增强图像并进行减影. 结果 108例中,良性病变62例,乳腺癌46例,术前MRI诊断符合率81.5%. 结论 3D-FLASH序列动态增强是乳腺病变中最有价值的检查序列.     

低场强MRI在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

目的探讨低场强MR机对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。方法对34例临床扪及乳腺肿块进行多序列MR I平扫,4例进行增强扫描。分析肿块的形态、边缘、信号表现,判断乳腺肿块的性质,并与手术病理结果比较。结果乳腺癌与良性乳腺肿块相比,在形态、边缘上差异明显(P<0.01);在信号上,乳腺癌与纤维腺瘤在T1W I上无差异(P>0.05),在T2W I及STIR上有显著差异(P<0.01),乳腺囊肿在T1W I、T2W I及STIR上信号特异。对照病理结果,本组病例MR I敏感性为94.1%,诊断符合率为82.4%。调整参数后,可得到1.5、3、5、7、10 m in不同时间内的增强扫描像。结论低场强MR I可以较客观地反映乳腺肿块的病理改变,是临床上用于乳腺肿块诊断较理想的影像学检查方法。     

Key Ingredients of a Breast Imaging Fellowship—A Recipe for Success

ObjectiveIn 2013, the ACR and Society of Breast Imaging created a curriculum to standardize the knowledge of graduates from breast imaging fellowships. Despite this, however, there remains a need to provide guidance to programs as to how to structure and organize the fellowship. In this article, we review key elements of a breast imaging fellowship to ensure that programs graduate radiologists that are well prepared to practice safely and independently. Such a program would provide a developmental framework using the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition. The training should be comprised of multiple and varied opportunities that promote active learning with appropriate supervision but progressive independence.SummaryA successful fellowship program in breast imaging should embrace developmental milestones to ensure mastery of both basic and complex skills. Organized rotations, regular feedback, structured and self-directed learning activities, and participation in local, regional, and national meetings and organizations contribute to well-rounded graduates.     

表观扩散系数在乳腺病变诊断中的应用价值

目的:对比乳腺良、恶性病变的表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC),探讨DWI在乳腺病变中的诊断价值.材料和方法:搜集术前行MR检查并经病理证实的236例乳腺病变,采用平面回波-扩散加权成像序列(EPH)WI);测量病变区和对侧正常乳腺腺体的ADC值,应用t检验比较良、恶性病变及正常腺体ADC值的差异,采用接收者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)确定良、恶性病变的ADC界值;根据BI-RADS MRI将乳腺病变分为肿块性病变和非肿块性病变,比较ADC值在两组病变中定性诊断效能.结果:236例乳腺病变中,恶性病变ADC值[(1.08±0.32)X 10-3mm2/s]显著低于良性病变[(1.48±0.35)×102mm2/s],差异有统计学意义(P=0.01);根据ROC曲线确定ADC界值为1.25×10-2mm2/s,诊断敏感性和特异性分别为78.2%和77.5%.肿块性病变良、恶性ADC界值为1.15×10-3mm2/s(敏感性和特异性分别为79.8%和81.8%),非肿块性病变良、恶性ADC界值为1.35×10-3mm2/s(敏感性和特异性分别为78%和72%).绪论:根据ADC界值可以鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变;对肿块性病变和非肿块性病变应采用不同的ADC界值;DWI对肿块性病变的诊断效能优于非肿块性病变.     

An Abbreviated Protocol for High-Risk Screening Breast MRI Saves Time and Resources

PurposeTo review the ability of an abbreviated, high-risk, screening, breast MRI protocol to detect cancer and save resources.MethodsHigh-risk screening breast MR images were reviewed, from both an abbreviated protocol and a full diagnostic protocol. Differences in cancer detection, scanner utilization, interpretation times, and need for additional imaging were recorded in an integrated data form, and reviewed and compared.ResultsA total of 568 MRI cases were reviewed, with the abbreviated and full protocols. No difference was found in the number of cancers detected. Scan times were decreased by 18.8 minutes per case, for a total of 10,678 minutes (178 hours). Interpretation time, on average, was 1.55 minutes for the abbreviated protocol, compared with 6.43 minutes for the full protocol. Review of the full protocol led to a significant change in the final BI-RADS^® assessment in 12 of 568 (2.1%) cases.ConclusionsAbbreviated MRI is as effective as full-protocol MRI for demonstration of cancers in the high-risk screening setting, with only 12 (2.1 %) cases recommended for additional MRI evaluation. The efficiency and resource savings of an abbreviated protocol would be significant, and would allow for opportunities to provide MRI for additional patients, as well as improved radiologist time management and workflow, with the potential to add real-time MRI interpretation or double reading.     

MR测量癌灶大小对局部进展期乳腺癌新辅助化疗的疗效评估

目的 评估局部进展期乳腺癌患者在术前新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)前后癌灶最大径、体积及两者的变化率对NAC病理反应性的价值. 方法 36例病例均根据术后病理反应性结果(Miller & Payne 分级)分为组织学显著反应(major histological response,MHR)与组织学非显著反应(non-major histological response,NMHR)2组,对2组NAC前、NAC第2周期后、NAC第4周期后于乳腺容积成像(volume imaging of breast,VIBRANT)动脉早期测量的癌灶最大径、体积及其变化率分别进行两独立样本t检验比较(非正态分布的数据进行Mann-Whitney U检验);采用Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC)分析3次MR测量的癌灶最大径与体积之间的一致性.利用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析判断MR测量的癌灶大小对NAC病理反应性的评估价值. 结果 NAC前后,MHR组3次MR测量的癌灶最大径 [(2.75±1.16) cm、(2.19±1.07) cm、(1.58±0.75) cm ] 及最大径第 1 次变化率[(21.70±15.09)%] 与 NMHR 组 3次最大径[(2.71±1.10) cm、(2.33±0.90) cm、(2.01±0.94) cm]及第1次变化率[(11.68±10.27)% ]均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但MHR组癌灶最大径第2次变化率[(39.00±15.38)% ]显著高于NMHR组[(25.83±21.77)%],差异有统计学意义(P=0.04).NAC前后,MHR组3次MR测量的癌灶体积[中位14.00 cm~3 (范围2.96～83.41 cm~3)、中位7.31 cm~3(范围0.05～55.35 cm~3)、中位2.69 cm~3(范围0～33.40 cm~3) ] 及体积第1次变化率[中位48.65%(范围33.64%～98.48%)]与NMHR组3次体积[中位4.25 cm~3(范围4.78～106.55 cm~3)、中位10.53 cm~3(范围1.72～42.85 cm~3)、中位7.56 cm~3(范围0.68～156.58 cm~3)]及第1次变化率[中位52.04%(范围-35.79%～78.31%)] 均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但MHR组癌灶体积第2次变化率[中位85.37%(范围27.52%～100%)]显著高于NMHR组[中位68.80%(范围-289.60%～94.24%)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.01).NAC前后,3次MR测量的最大径与体积之间的一致性系数分别为0.82、0.67、0.55,总体一致性系数为0.78.以NAC后癌灶最大径和体积第2次变化率为评估参数、术后病理反应性为金标准,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.75、0.80,两者评估效能无显著性差异(P=0.61). 结论 MR测量乳腺癌灶最大径与体积的一致性较好.NAC第4个周期后,癌灶最大径与体积两者的第2次变化率可评估癌灶对NAC的病理反应性,但评估效能均较低且无显著性差异.     

MR乳腺线圈对腋窝淋巴结的评价

目的　研究正常与异常乳腺腋窝淋巴结的MRI表现 ,探讨MR乳腺线圈对术前乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的评估。方法　应用MR乳腺线圈对 2 4例健康志愿者、2 3例乳腺良性疾病患者和 43例乳腺癌患者共 119个腋窝进行扫描 ,对比分析MRI片内各组腋窝淋巴结的形态、边缘、大小、数目和信号变化 ,并将乳腺癌组淋巴结表现与组织病理学结果进行对照。结果　 3 1.2 5 %的正常健康人腋窝可以检出淋巴结 ,乳腺良性疾病、乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结无转移者 (LN -)淋巴结的形态、边缘、大小、数目和信号变化与正常健康人无显著差异 ,乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移者 (LN + )淋巴结的形态、边缘、大小和强化方式与前三者有显著差异。结论　MRI是术前评估腋窝淋巴结状态的有效检查方法 ,为临床手术和治疗提供有价值的依据     

A Combined Architectural and Kinetic Interpretation Model for Breast MR Images

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to integrate contrast material kinetic and architectural data from magnetic resonance (MR) images and to assess the improvement in diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging data from a diagnostic cohort of 100 patients (50 malignant and 50 benign cases) were analyzed. RESULTS: Qualitative classification of the enhancement curve was the most predictive kinetic feature. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for the architectural model alone and for the architectural model combined with the qualitative kinetic classification. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in ROC area (P = .03) of the combined model compared with that of the architectural model alone. CONCLUSION: The addition of qualitative classification of the time-signal intensity curve to an architectural interpretation model results in significant improvement in model performance as measured by the area under the ROC curve.     

Specialized Second Opinion Review of Breast MRI Impacts Management and Increases Cancer Detection

ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to determine MRI review discrepancy frequency and the subsequent impact on patient management for patients pursuing breast imaging second opinions.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on 1,000 consecutive patients with second opinion radiology interpretations performed by subspecialty-trained breast radiologists at a dedicated cancer center July 1 through December 31, 2016. Of these, 205 included review of outside breast MRI. Outside imaging reports were compared with second opinion reports to categorize breast MRI review discrepancies. These included relevant BI-RADS category changes or identification of additional extent of disease >4 cm. The discrepancy frequency, relevant alterations in patient management, and incremental cancer detection were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test.ResultsDiscrepant second opinion breast MRI review was seen in 36 of 205 patients (18%). Additional cancer was detected through image-guided biopsy in 3 of these 36 patients and through excision in 2 (5 of 205, 2%). Additionally, five biopsies yielded high-risk pathologic results without upstage on excision. Findings suspicious for additional extent of disease >4 cm were noted in five patients (2%) treated with mastectomies. Finally, five patients had BI-RADS category downgrades. Ultimately, completion of second opinion MRI review recommendations resulted in altered management in 10% of patients (20 of 205). The absence of prior imaging studies for comparison was associated with increased discrepancy frequency (P = .005).ConclusionSecond opinion breast MRI review by subspecialized breast imaging radiologists increases cancer detection and results in clinically relevant changes in patient management.