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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a specific pattern of behavioural, communication and social problems. Additional mental health problems are often poorly understood and undetected. This study investigates the level and pattern of emotional and behavioural problems in young people with autism compared with children with intellectual disability (ID). Subjects were 381 young people with autism and a representative group of 581 Australian young people with ID aged 4–18 years. Parents/carers provided details of the emotional and behavioural problems of their child using the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC-P). Young people with autism were found to suffer from significantly higher levels of psychopathology than young people with ID. The implications of this finding are discussed. 相似文献
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Lecavalier L Gadow KD DeVincent CJ Edwards MC 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2009,39(2):278-289
The objective of this study was to assess the internal construct validity of the DSM-IV as a conceptual model for characterizing
behavioral syndromes in children with ASD. Parent and teachers completed the Child Symptom Inventory-4, a DSM-IV-referenced
rating scale, for 6-to-12 year old clinic referrals with an ASD (N = 498). Ratings were submitted to confirmatory factor analysis and models were assessed for fit. Results were also compared
to those obtained for a sample of non-ASD psychiatric outpatient school-age children. Fit indices ranged from acceptable to
good for the ASD samples and compared well to those obtained in typically developing children. Findings lend support to the
notion that DSM-IV syndromes may be an appropriate conceptual model for characterizing psychopathology in ASD. 相似文献
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There is an abundance of research investigating Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children; however, little emphasis has been placed on ASD in adults, especially in regards to comorbid psychopathology. Although scales are available that measure comorbidity in adults with ID, what is needed are scales that measure comorbidity in adults with ID and ASD. One such scale is the newly developed Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Adults (ASD-CA). There are two purposes of this study. The first is to further develop the ASD-CA by calculating cutoff scores for its subscales. The second is to compare the frequency of symptom endorsements on the ASD-CA among three groups: individuals with ID; individuals with ID and ASD; and individuals with ID, ASD, and additional psychopathology. 相似文献
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Ketelaars C Horwitz E Sytema S Bos J Wiersma D Minderaa R Hartman CA 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2008,38(1):176-180
While knowledge about symptom presentation of adults with mild ASD, including comorbid psychopathology, is limited, referral
of adults with suspected mild PDD is increasing. We report on pilot research investigating whether patients diagnosed with
mild ASD (n = 15) and patients who were not diagnosed with ASD (n = 21) differed in terms of (a) AQ scores and (b) Axis I and II disorders, assessed by the SCAN and the IPDE. Additionally,
AQ scores were compared with those from non-ASD patients referred to a general outpatient clinic (n = 369). The results showed very few differences between ASD patients and non-ASD patients. Self-report may not differentiate
mild ASD patients from non-ASD patients and Axis I and II disorders seem equally prevalent among these two groups. 相似文献
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Michela Di Trani Francesca Di Roma Andriola Elda Leone Daniela Parisi Pasquale Miano Silvia Donfrancesco Renato 《Psychiatry investigation》2014,11(2):137-142
Objective
To evaluate the presence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Dysthymic Disorder (DD) in a sample of Italian children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to explore specific features of comorbid depressive disorders in ADHD.Methods
Three hundred and sixty-six consecutive, drug-naïve Caucasian Italian outpatients with ADHD were recruited and comorbid disorders were evaluated using DSM-IV-TR criteria. To evaluate ADHD severity, parents of all children filled out the ADHD Rating Scale. Thirty-seven children with comorbid MDD or DD were compared with 118 children with comorbid conduct disorder and 122 without comorbidity for age, sex, IQ level, family psychiatric history, and ADHD subtypes and severity.Results
42 of the ADHD children displayed comorbid depressive disorders: 16 exhibited MDD, 21 DD, and 5 both MDD and DD. The frequency of hyperactive-impulsive subtypes was significantly lower in ADHD children with depressive disorders, than in those without any comorbidity. ADHD children with depressive disorders showed a higher number of familial psychiatric disorders and higher score in the Inattentive scale of the ADHD Rating Scale, than children without any comorbidity. No differences were found for age, sex and IQ level between the three groups.Conclusion
Consistent with previous studies in other countries, depressive disorders affect a significant proportion of ADHD children in Italy. Patient assessment and subsequent treatment should take into consideration the possible presence of this comorbidity, which could specifically increase the severity of ADHD attention problems. 相似文献9.
Bradley EA Summers JA Wood HL Bryson SE 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2004,34(2):151-161
Eight males and four females with an Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) diagnosis of autism (mean age of 16.3 years) and severe intellectual disability (IQ < 40) were individually matched to controls on the basis of chronological age, gender, and nonverbal IQ. The dependent measure was the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II, which is used to screen for psychiatric and behavior disorders in lower-functioning individuals. Participants with autism showed significantly greater disturbances as measured by the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II total score and seven of 13 subscales. They also averaged 5.25 clinically significant disturbances compared with 1.25 disturbances for participants without autism. Specific vulnerabilities to anxiety, mood, sleep, organic syndromes, and stereotypies/ tics were found in the participants with comorbid autism. 相似文献
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Yona Lunsky Carolyn Gracey Elspeth Bradley 《Research in autism spectrum disorders》2009,3(4):1006-1013
BackgroundAdults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) represent a small, but challenging sub-group of patients within Ontario's mental health care system. However, few studies have documented the clinical characteristics of this population and examined how such individuals differ from other psychiatric patients, with or without intellectual disabilities (ID).MethodA secondary analysis of data from the 2003 Comprehensive Assessment Projects from three psychiatric hospitals in Ontario was conducted to describe patients with ASD and ID and to determine how their profile compared to other hospital users.ResultsTwenty-three patients with ASD and ID were matched on gender and patient status (inpatient/outpatient) to individuals with and without ID. Individuals with ASD and ID were similar in terms of demographics to patients with and without ID. However, individuals with ASD and ID were younger, spent more days in hospital and were less likely to have a psychotic disorder diagnosis than both patients with and without ID. Inpatients with ASD and ID were recommended for a higher level of care than hospital service users without ID.ConclusionsClearly, this small sub-group of individuals within the hospital population has high clinical needs that are not always well met. 相似文献
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Tuchman R 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2000,30(5):485-489
The treatment of seizure disorders EEG epileptiform abnormalities without epilepsy in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is considered within the context of the relationship of epilepsy and epileptiform disorders to language, behavior, and cognition. There is an increased prevalence of both epilepsy and abnormal potentially epileptogenic activity in children with ASD. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the use of anticonvulsants to treat epileptiform discharges thought to be producing dysfunction in selected aspects of cognition, language, or behavior makes a positive difference in a subgroup of children with ASD, but there is inadequate evidence on which to base specific recommendations. There is, at present, no scientific justification for considering epilepsy surgery in children with ASD in the absence of intractable clinical seizures. 相似文献
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Newman TM Macomber D Naples AJ Babitz T Volkmar F Grigorenko EL 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2007,37(4):760-774
We compared the reading-related skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders who have hyperlexia (ASD + HPL) with age-matched children with ASD without HPL (ASD - HPL) and with single-word reading-matched typically developing children (TYP). Children with ASD + HPL performed (1) better than did children with ASD - HPL on tasks of single-word reading and pseudoword decoding and (2) equivalently well compared to word-reading-matched TYP children on all reading-related tasks except reading comprehension. It appears that the general underlying model of single-word reading is the same in principle for "typical" and hyperlexic reading. Yet, the study revealed some dissimilarities between these two types of reading when more fine-grained cognitive and linguistic abilities were considered; these dissimilarities warrant further investigations. 相似文献
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Stephen M. Kanne Anna M. Abbacchi John N. Constantino 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2009,39(6):856-864
The present study examines co-occurring psychiatric syndromes in a well-characterized sample of youths with autism spectrum
disorders (ASD; n = 177) and their siblings (n = 148), reported independently by parents and teachers. In ASD, parents reported substantial comorbidity with affective (26%),
anxiety (25%), attentional (25%), conduct (16%), oppositional (15%), and somatic problems (6%). Teachers reported a much lower
prevalence. Autistic severity scores for children with ASD exhibited moderate correlations with general psychopathology within-
but not across-informants, whereas, sibling correlations were significant both within- and across-informants. Results support
the role of environmental context in psychiatric symptom expression in children affected by autism and suggest that informant
discrepancies may more provide critical cues for these children via specific environmental modifications. 相似文献
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Begeer S Banerjee R Lunenburg P Meerum Terwogt M Stegge H Rieffe C 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2008,38(6):1187-1191
The self-presentational behaviour of 43 6- to 12-year-old children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASD) and normal intelligence and 43 matched comparisons was investigated. Children were prompted to describe themselves twice, first in a baseline condition and then in a condition where they were asked to convince others to select them for a desirable activity (self-promotion). Even after controlling for theory of mind skills, children with HFASD used fewer positive self-statements at baseline, and were less goal-directed during self-promotion than comparison children. Children with HFASD alter their self-presentation when seeking personal gain, but do this less strategically and convincingly than typically-developing children. 相似文献
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A family-based, cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety in 47 children with comorbid anxiety disorders and High Functioning
Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFA) was evaluated. Treatment involved 12 weekly group sessions and was compared with a waiting
list condition. Changes between pre- and post-treatment were examined using clinical interviews as well as child-, parent-
and teacher-report measures. Following treatment, 71.4% of the treated participants no longer fulfilled diagnostic criteria
for an anxiety disorder. Comparisons between the two conditions indicated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms as measured
by self-report, parent report and teacher report. Discussion focuses on the implications for the use of cognitive behaviour
therapy with HFA children, for theory of mind research and for further research on the treatment components. 相似文献
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Mandell DS 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2008,38(6):1059-1065
This study examined predictors of psychiatric hospitalization among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Data were collected from 760 caregivers of children with ASD. Cox regression was used to determine factors associated with hospitalization. Almost 11% were hospitalized. Youth in single parent homes were more likely to be hospitalized (OR = 2.54), as were youth diagnosed at a later age (OR = 1.10). Engaging in self-injurious behavior (OR = 2.14), aggressive behavior (OR = 4.83), and being diagnosed with depression (OR = 2.48) or obsessive compulsive disorder (OR = 2.35) increased the odds of hospitalization. Risk for hospitalization increased with age and over time. The results suggest early diagnosis and community-based interventions for aggressive and self-injurious behaviors may reduce hospitalizations. 相似文献
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Associations between obstetric and parental psychiatric variables and subjects' Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) domain scores were examined using linear mixed effects models. Data for the 228 families studied were provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange. Hypertension (P = 0.002), preeclampsia (P = 0.021) and generalized edema (P = 0.011) were associated with higher ADI-R communication scores. Hypertension (P = 0.011), albuminuria (P = 0.039) and generalized edema (P = 0.009) were associated with higher ADI-R repetitive behaviors scores. Parent depression was associated with higher ADI-R repetitive behaviors scores (P = 0.005), and parent anxiety with lower ADOS social/communication composite scores (P = 0.025). The associations between hypertension-related obstetric conditions and autistic severity warrant further investigation and raise intriguing questions regarding potential causal and modifying factors in autism. 相似文献