16层螺旋CT双期脑血管成像诊断脑动静脉畸形的价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT双期脑血管成像在诊断脑动静脉畸形中的临床应用和价值。方法回顾性分析35例脑动静脉畸形的16层螺旋CTA及CTV表现。结果动脉期CTA能较好地显示AVM的供血动脉、畸形血管团及部分早期引流静脉;静脉期CTV显示了AVM的供血动脉、畸形血管团和扩张的引流静脉。结论16层螺旋CT双期血管造影能清晰显示脑动静脉畸形的影像特征,是诊断本病的可靠方法。     

16层螺旋CT血管成像在颅内血管性病变的临床应用

目的 评价16层螺旋CT血管成像在颅内血管性病变的应用价值。方法 30例疑脑血管病变患者进行16层螺旋CT脑血管造影检查,采用VRT,MIP等技术三维重建脑血管图像,其中9例随后DSA脑血管造影。结果 30例检查中发现动脉瘤8例,动静脉畸形11例,烟雾病2例,动脉狭窄9例。16层螺旋CT脑血管成像（SCTA）能清晰显示脑动脉主干及大脑前、中动脉1～5级分支,清楚显示动脉瘤瘤体（大小约4～15mm）、瘤颈及与载瘤动脉位置关系;能明确动静脉畸形供血动脉、引流静脉及瘤巢血管团形态大小;清楚显示侧支循环血管影以及Willis环与脑动脉不规则狭窄。比较其中经DSA检查的9例（4例动脉瘤、4例动静脉畸形、1例烟雾病）DSA与SCTA图像,发现SCTA诊断脑血管病变符合率达100%。结论 6层螺旋CT脑血管成像是一种快速、无创、有效的脑血管病变诊断手段,可成为临床脑血管病变诊断的首选方法 。     

脑动静脉畸形的CTA应用价值

目的探讨CT 血管造影( CTA)对脑动静脉畸形诊断的应用价值.方法采用PHILIPS BRILIANCE 64排螺旋CT 机扫描获得原始图像后,对图象进行后处理.结果通过CTA重建技术诊断脑动静脉畸形16例.CTA后重建技术可以很好并清晰显示供血动脉、畸形血管团、引流静脉的形状、数目及其与邻近结构的解剖关系.结论 CTA是一种可靠、无创的诊断脑动静脉畸形的方法,为DSA提供有力的补充.     

16层螺旋CT双期脑血管成像诊断脑动静脉畸形的价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT动静脉双期脑血管成像技术诊断脑动静脉畸形的临床应用价值。方法选取深圳市光明新区人民医院神经外科收治经手术或者DSA确诊的40例脑动静脉畸形病例,经16层螺旋CT平扫,同时进行增强动脉期和静脉期扫描,分析动静脉畸形供血动脉的形态、数目和来源,引流静脉的部位、大小和深度以及成像情况。结果本组脑动静脉畸形主要分布于额叶、顶叶以及枕叶,明显高于分布其他部位。17例由单一动脉供血,23例由两支以及两支以上动脉供血。34例由浅表静脉回流引流,6例由深静脉回流引流。MSCTA检查确诊39例脑动静脉畸形,其分布位置、形态、供血动脉以及引流静脉与DSA表现基本相一致,仅1例未被明确诊断。结论 16层螺旋CT可清晰地显示脑动静脉畸形供血动脉以及引流静脉情况,为临床医师设计手术入路提供参考依据,具有无创、方便、检查时间短、价格低以及成像立体效果好等优点,与DSA诊断脑动静脉畸形基本无差别。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影在亲属活体供肾血管检查中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影在亲属活体供肾者术前血管检查中的应用价值。方法28例亲属活体者在取肾前进行16层螺旋CT血管造影及血管三维成像,成像方法包括容积再现技术（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、表面遮盖成像（SSD）、多平面重建（MPR）及曲面重建（CPR）。结果24例显示双侧肾动脉均为单支肾动脉,2例显示右肾单极动脉,1例显示左肾单极动脉,1例显示双肾单极动脉;22例显示双肾均为单支静脉引流,2例显示右肾2支引流静脉,2例显示左肾2支引流静脉,1例显示右肾3支引流静脉,1例显示双侧2支引流静脉。结论术前血管评价与手术所见一致,多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）可作为活体供肾移植术前了解供体肾血管解剖学的首选方法。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动静脉畸形的临床应用评价

目的 评价多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）在脑动静脉畸形（AVM）的临床应用价值。方法 采用16层螺旋CT对39例AVM患者行CT血管造影检查,以3ml/s速率经静脉注射对比剂80～100ml后延时18～22s扫描,容积数据传送至工作站分别行多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）及容积再现（VR）。结果 39例均为单发瘤巢,其中合并脑出血14例,显示单支供血动16例,多支供血动脉23例,大脑深静脉引流9例,浅静脉引流13例,同时存在深、浅静脉引流17例。MSCTA能清楚显示AVM的部位、形态、供血动脉及引流静脉与邻近结构的关系。结论 MSCTA具有简便、安全、快速的检查优势,多种成像技术结合运用可为临床手术及微创治疗提供实用、可靠的影像信息。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动静脉畸形的诊断价值

目的：研究多层螺旋CT血管造影及其后处理技术在脑动静脉畸形(AVM)方面的应用及诊断价值．方法：20例病人行多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)，经肘前静脉以3．5mi／s注入100mL对比剂．延迟18～20s扫描，扫描条件为：层厚2．0mm，重建间隔1．0mm，Pitch0．875；后重建采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、表面阴影显示(SSD)、容积显示(VR)、透明技术和切割技术．结果：20例患者的MSCTA断面和重建图像上均见到典型的畸形血管团，18例发现粗大的供血动脉(90％)，14例明确的引流静脉或扩大的静脉窦(70％)，5例病人为亚急性出血(25％)，2例有出血后脑软化(10％)．结论：多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动静脉畸形有重要的诊断价值．     

16层螺旋CT血管成像在肺动脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的评价多层螺旋CT肺血管成像（MSCTPA）对肺动静脉畸形（PAVMs）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析10例肺动静脉畸形的临床和MSCT表现。采用16层螺旋CT扫描仪,增强后分两期扫描,延迟时间分别为7～9s和21～23s。图像传后处理工作站进行血管重建,重建方法包括VR、MIP、MPR。结果CTA后处理血管重建可以显示供血动脉、畸形血管团、引流静脉,供血动脉的来源、引流静脉的去处也充分易显示。按病变形态与影像表现,肺动静脉畸形CT后处理表现分为三型：单纯型5例,复杂型2例,弥漫型3例。临床上单纯型均为体检发现,复杂型2例中1例体检发现,1例表现反复咯血;弥漫型3例患者均表现低氧血症。结论不同类型PAVMs,其临床表现、CT征象各异。MSCTPA可取代常规血管造影成为PAVMs的首选检查和诊断方法。     

脑动静脉畸形合并出血相关危险因素分析

目的通过数字减影血管造影(DSA)检测脑动静脉畸形(AVM)血管构筑特征,探讨脑动静脉畸形合并出血的相关影响因素,以期预测脑AVM出血的危险性。方法采用DSA为87例脑AVM患者行全脑血管造影。采用SPSS18.0软件行单因素和多因素Logistics回顾分析,分析畸形血管团的大小、位置、供血动脉类型、引流静脉数目、引流静脉路径、有无合并动脉瘤、有无合并静脉瘤等因素与畸形血管团破裂出血的关系。结果单因素分析表明,造成畸形血管团破裂出血的因素包括AVM大小、位置,供应动脉类型,引流静脉支数与合并动脉瘤。多因素Logistics分析发现,畸形血管团破裂出血独立危险因素是引流静脉支数与合并动脉瘤。结论与脑AVM出血密切相关的危险因素是引流静脉的数目和合并动脉瘤。     

脑动静脉畸形的CTA诊断价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)对脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的诊断价值.方法:24例AVM患者行MSCTA,采用多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP),容积再现(VR)进行脑静动脉畸形三维重建.结果:24例AVM瘤巢全部显示,22例发现供血动脉,16例显示引流静脉,20例病人合并脑出血.结论:MSCTA对AVM有重要的诊断价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.