不同剂量谷氨酸脱羧酶对非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠发生1型糖尿病的影响

目的不同剂量谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)对非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠(NOD)糖尿病免疫干预效果的影响。方法将3周龄40只体重(10.0±0.9)g雌性NOD小鼠分为4组分别腹腔注射GAD0.3mU和不完全弗氏佐剂(IFA)50μL、GAD3mU+IFA50μL、GAD0.03mU+IFA50μL、IFA50μL。8周龄时注射环磷酰胺200mg/kg加速糖尿病,定期检测血糖,眼内眦取血分离血清检测细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)4和干扰素(IFNγ)的变化,动态观察各组糖尿病发生发展的过程。28周时,全部处死,取脾、胸腺作淋巴细胞亚群测定,胰腺作病理组织学观察。结果GAD3mU+IFA50μL组小鼠无一只发生糖尿病,28周时血糖为(5.0+1.1)mmol/L;胰岛个数最多(8.2+2.3)个/张(P<0.01),胰岛炎评分最低(0.33+0.12)(P<0.01);血清中IL4的水平最高为(80+6)ng/L(P<0.01),IFNγ水平最低为(327±48)ng/L;CD8+/CD4+比值最大(P<0.01),在脾脏中为0.524±0.133,胸腺中为0.428±0.021。结论NOD小鼠在3周龄时腹腔注射CAD3mU+IFA50μL混合物比其他剂量组免疫调节效果好,较好地通过调节胸腺,脾淋巴细胞亚群分类,并通过淋巴细胞分泌Th1类因子和Th2类因子来调节Th0细胞的转化,从而抑制NOD小鼠胰岛炎,胰岛β细胞破坏减少,GAD3mU剂量组免疫干预NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生效果最好。     

性病患者58例血清IL-2、IL-6和IL-8水平的检测及其临床意义

目的　探讨血清白细胞介素 - 2 (IL- 2 )、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL- 6 ) ,白细胞介素 - 8(IL- 8)在性病患者血清中水平及临床意义。方法　应用双抗体夹心 Eli SA法检测了 5 8例性病患者血清中 IL- 2、IL- 6和 IL- 8水平。结果　 5 8例性病患者血清中 ,IL - 2、IL - 6、IL - 8水平分别为 (6 .4± 3.2 ) ng/ ml、(0 .15± 0 .0 6 ) ng/ ml、(0 .34± 0 .13) ng/ m l、而 IL - 8则显著高于正常人组 (P<0 .0 1) ,其中 IL- 2、IL- 6则明显低于正常人组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　性病患者的发生与发展与IL - 2、IL - 6降低和 IL - 8升高密切相关 ,检测 IL - 2、IL - 6和 IL - 8血清水平有助于性病的判断和治疗的选择     

二氧化碳激光联合白细胞介素-2治疗女性尖锐湿疣

目的 :研究CO2 激光联合白细胞介素 2(IL 2 )治疗女性尖锐湿疣的疗效及比较 3种方法的效果。方法 :80例女性尖锐湿疣病人分为 3组。CO2 激光组 ,仅用CO2 激光治疗 ;CO2 激光 +IL 2肌注组 ,CO2 激光后再予IL 2 ,2 0万U ,im ,qod× 10次 ;CO2 激光 +IL 2皮损下注射组 ,CO2 激光后再予IL 2 ,2 0万U ,皮损下注射 qod× 10次。结果 :CO2激光 +IL 2皮损下注射组 ,CO2 激光 +IL 2肌注组和CO2 激光组的总有效率分别为 90 % ,6 3%和33%。P <0 .0 1。结论 :CO2 激光 +IL 2治疗女性尖锐湿疣有效 ,但IL 2皮损下注射法疗效最好     

rhIL-10对银屑病动物模型的治疗作用及免疫功能的影响

目的　研究重组人白细胞介素 10 (rhIL 10 )对银屑病动物模型的治疗作用以及免疫功能的影响。方法　用小鼠雌激素期阴道上皮模型、鼠尾鳞片表皮模型观察重组人白细胞介素 10的抗银屑病作用 ,并检测ConA诱导T淋巴细胞增殖、LPS诱导B淋巴细胞增殖、NK细胞活性及细胞因子(IFN γ、IL 2、IL 1、TNF α)水平。结果　rhIL 10 (5 ,2 0 ,80μg·kg-1·d-1,sc)对小鼠阴道上皮细胞有丝分裂有抑制作用 ,促进小鼠尾鳞片颗粒层的形成。对ConA诱导T淋巴细胞增殖反应及IL 2、IFN γ产生有抑制作用 ;对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL 1、TNF α具有抑制作用 ;对NK细胞活性有抑制作用 ;对LPS诱导B淋巴细胞增殖有促进作用。结论　rhIL 10可能是通过抑制表皮细胞增殖与促进其分化 ,并参与抗炎与免疫调节过程而发挥治疗银屑病动物的作用     

卡维地洛对87例充血性心力衰竭病人血浆细胞因子的影响

目的 :探讨卡维地洛对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)病人血浆细胞因子的影响。方法 :将 87例CHF病人随机分为常规组和卡维地洛组 ,常规组给予常规抗心力衰竭治疗 ,卡维地洛组在常规基础上按双周剂量递增方案加用卡维地洛口服 ,目标剂量2 5mg ,bid ,治疗 6mo。测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )及心功能 ,以健康人作对照。结果 :CHF病人上述细胞因子均高于健康组 (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗 6mo后卡维地洛组TNF α和IL 6降低 ,治疗前后分别为(4 6±s 18)和 (31± 15 )ng·L- 1,(35± 13)和 (15± 9)ng·L- 1,IL 10升高 ,分别为 (15± 6 )和 (2 4± 7)ng·L- 1(P <0 .0 1) ,TNF α/IL 10降低 ,心功能改善(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :卡维地洛降低炎性细胞因子、增加抗炎性细胞因子水平的这种免疫调节作用可能是其对CHF有益作用的机制之一     

白癜风患者外周血单个核细胞IL-2 IL-10和IFN-γ的表达特点

目的探讨白癜风患者中Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达的情况。方法采用细胞培养技术对白癜风患者和正常对照者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)在刀豆素A(ConA)作用下进行体外培养;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测培养上清中白细胞介素(IL)2、IL10,干扰素(IFN)γ含量。结果①白癜风患者PBMC产生IL2水平高于正常对照组(P<0.05),IL10水平低于正常对照组(P<0.01)、IFNγ水平高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。②患者和对照组PBMC加ConA刺激孔中IL2高于相应自然增殖孔(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论白癜风患者Th1型细胞因子的表达增高,Th2型细胞因子的表达降低,可能在发病机制中起一定作用。ConA可刺激PBMC分泌细胞因子。     

口服干扰素-α延缓NOD小鼠1型糖尿病发生

目的　研究干扰素 (IFN) -α对 NOD小鼠 1型糖尿病的预防作用。方法　 6周龄 NOD雌鼠 1周 3次灌胃 IFN-α 10 0 U ,共 32周 ,观测胰岛炎和糖尿病发病。结果　 IFN-α能明显降低 NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生和胰岛炎的严重程度。结论　口服 IFN-α能预防 NOD鼠糖尿病     

乌司他丁对心肺脑复苏后血细胞因子与脑超微结构的影响

目的 :探讨酶抑制剂乌司他丁 (ulinastatinforinjection ,UTI)对心肺脑复苏后肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )和脑超微结构的影响。方法 :将 2 4只成年健康普通级SD大鼠 ,随机分成对照组、复苏组和乌司他丁组 ,每组 8只。对照组仅行气管切开术 ,不夹闭气管 ,不造成心跳呼吸骤停 ;复苏组与乌司他丁组建立心肺脑复苏模型 ,乌司他丁组在心肺脑复苏时加用单次UTI 10 6U·Kg-1。对照组在气管切开即刻、0 .5、2、4、6h采集血标本 ,复苏组与乌司他丁组分别在气管切开即刻、复苏成功后 0 .5、2、4、6h采集血标本 ,以放免法测定血清中TNF α、IL 6、IL 10的水平。实验结束时每组随机取 2只动物快速断头取皮层脑组织观察脑超微结构的变化。结果 :对照组中TNF α、IL 6、IL 10基本平稳 ,各时间点间无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。复苏组复苏后TNF α、IL 6明显上升 ,IL 10明显下降 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。乌司他丁组TNF α、IL 6、IL 10复苏后各时间点与气管切开即刻比较均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,TNF α在复苏后0 .5、2、4h与复苏组同时间点比明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,IL 10在复苏后 0 .5、6h与复苏组同时间点比明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。脑组织超微结构改变 :乌司他丁     

谷氨酸脱羧酶腹腔注射延缓NOD小鼠发生1型糖尿病免疫因素检测

目的探讨谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)对非肥胖型糖尿病(NOD)小鼠糖尿病的免疫干预作用。方法将3周龄40只体重(10.0±0.9)g雌性NOD小鼠分为4组分别腹腔注射GAD3mU、GAD3mU和不完全弗氏佐剂(IFA)50μl混合物、IFA50μl、磷酸缓冲液(PBS)50μl,定期检测血糖,眼内眦取血分离血清检测细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-4和干扰素(IFN)-γ的变化,动态观察各组糖尿病发生发展的过程。28周时,全部处死,取脾、胸腺作淋巴细胞亚群测定,胰腺作病理组织学观察。结果GAD3mU+IFA50μl组小鼠无1只发生糖尿病。28周时血糖为(5.0±1.0)mmol/L;胰岛个数最多(7.9±1.2)个/张(P<0.01),胰岛炎评分最低(0.23±0.11)/个(P<0.01);血清中IL-4的水平最高为(99±17)pg/ml(P<0.01),IFN-γ水平最低为(304±31)pg/ml;CD4+/CD8+比值最低(P<0.01),在脾脏中为1.9±0.3,胸腺中为2.33±0.21。结论GAD早期可对NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生进行调节,主要是通过调节胸腺、脾淋巴细胞亚群分类,并通过淋巴细胞分泌Th1类因子和Th2类因子来调节Th0细胞的转化,从而抑制NOD小鼠胰岛炎,胰岛β细胞破坏减少,最终GAD免疫干预NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生。     

IL-2与IL-6的水平与子宫内膜异位症关系探讨

目的　探索白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )和白细胞介素 6(IL 6)在子宫内膜异位症患者血清中水平及其关系。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附实验对 5 4例子宫内膜异位症患者血清中IL 2和IL 6水平进行监测 ,并以 3 0例正常妇女血清做对照组。结果　子宫内膜异位症组IL 2、IL 6水平较高于正常对照组 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　IL 2、IL 6与子宫内膜异位症发生、发展密切相关 ,并且参与了不孕过程。     

1,25-二羟基维生素D_3对环磷酰胺处理的NOD小鼠糖尿病的影响

目的　探讨 1,2 5 -二羟基维生素 D3 对环磷酰胺促发的 NOD鼠 1型糖尿病的预防作用。方法　N OD鼠从离乳后隔日接受 1,2 5 -二羟基维生素 D3 治疗 ,第 10周龄给予环磷酰胺 30 0 m g/ kg,观察 1,2 5 -二羟基维生素 D3 对环磷酰胺处理的 NOD鼠糖尿病发病率和胰岛炎的影响 ,及对 Th1、Th2细胞因子 m RNA表达的影响。结果　 1,2 5 -二羟基维生素 D3 处理组糖尿病发病率为 17% ,明显低于对照组 6 7% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且胰岛炎严重程度也明显减轻。处理组胰腺 TNT- α、IFN- γ m RNA的表达较对照组明显降低 ,而 IL- 10 m RNA的表达无明显改变。结论　 1,2 5 -二羟基维生素 D3 可以预防 NOD鼠环磷酰胺诱发的糖尿病的发生 ,其机制可能与纠正 Th1型细胞因子与 Th2型细胞因子比例失衡有关     

1,25(OH)_2D_3对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的免疫干预及其机制研究

目的观察1,25(OH)2D3对雌性非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠糖尿病发病率、胰岛炎的影响,以及外周免疫器官脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,血清细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)及一氧化氮(NO)的水平,从而更好地揭示1,25(OH)2D3的免疫调节机制。方法离乳(21 d龄)的雌性NOD小鼠(80只)随机分为两组:第1组给予1,25(OH)2D3(5μg/kg)隔日1次腹腔注射,共7周,作为实验组。第2组给予等量花生油作为对照组(40只),给药时间、方法同前。10周龄时腹腔注射环磷酰胺以加速糖尿病。加速1周后各取15只通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测IFN-γI、L-4水平,生化比色法检测NO水平,流式细胞仪分析脾组织T细胞亚群的变化。其余继续观察。小鼠在被确诊糖尿病或环磷酰胺加速后1个月处死,观察胰腺病理变化、糖尿病发病率及血钙水平。结果实验组发病率(12%)明显低于对照组(56%),P<0.01;实验组胰岛炎症分数较对照组明显降低P<0.01,炎症程度也明显减轻;实验组血清IL-4较对照组明显升高[(52±9)ng/Lvs(33±3)ng/L],P<0.01;IFN-γ、NO较对照组显著降低[(71±16)ng/Lvs(141±11)ng/L,(78±28)ng/Lvs(118±19)ng/L],P均<0.01;脾脏淋巴细胞经流式细胞仪测定,结果显示实验组T细胞CD4+、CD8+亚群较对照组显著升高,CD4+亚群为47±6与35±4(P<0.01),CD8+亚群为11.6±3.6与7.8±1.5(P<0.05),而CD4+/CD8+亚群分别为4.3±0.9与4.6±0.9(P>0.05),两组差异无统计学意义;实验组血钙较对照组稍高,但NOD小鼠可以很好耐受。结论1,25(OH)2D3可以预防环磷酰胺加速的NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生,并可减轻胰岛炎。其机制:①可能与增加Th2型细胞因子的全身表达,降低Th1型细胞因子的全身表达,从而调节Th1/Th2型细胞因子比例失衡有关。②可能与增加抑制性T细胞数目,促进CD4+T细胞由Th1向Th2亚群转化有关。该实验同时证实了NO在糖尿病的发生机制中起一定作用。     

Inhibition of concanavalin A-induced mice hepatitis by coumarin derivatives

The effects of coumarin derivatives, osthole, imperatorin, Pd-Ia, Pd-II and Pd-III, on mice concanavalin A (Con A) (0.2 mg/mouse, i.v.)-induced hepatitis were studied. At the dose of 200 mg/kg (i.p.), these coumarins inhibited more than 90% of the Con A-induced elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, but glycyrrhizin (200 mg/kg, i.p.) caused only 45% inhibition. At the dose of 100 mg/kg (i.p.), osthole produced the strongest inhibition among these coumarins. The inhibitory activity of osthole is lost when its 7-methoxy group is replaced by a 7-hydroxy group to form osthenol. The present results showed that coumarin derivatives inhibited Con A-induced hepatitis, with osthole being the most inhibitory.     

Efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Context Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is used to treat different cancer types, although it causes severe hepatotoxicity due to its oxidative stress effect. Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (Lamiaceae) has a therapeutic potential against hepatotoxicity due to its antioxidant activity.

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of Rosmarinus officianalis leaves (MEROL) and its efficacy against CTX-induced hepatotoxicity.

Materials and methods The phytochemical analyses were assessed spectrophotometericaly. To assess the MEROL efficacy, 72 Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups. Group 1 was control, groups 2 and 3 included mice which were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100 or 200?mg/kg of MEROL at days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16; group 4 was injected (i.p.) with CTX (200?mg/kg) at day 17, groups 5 and 6 were injected (i.p.) with MEROL as groups 3 and 4 followed by 200?mg/kg CTX at day 17, respectively. At day 22, six mice from each group were sacrificed and the others were sacrificed at day 37.

Results MEROL has a high content of total phenolics, saponins, total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) value of MEROL was 4.125?g/kg b.w. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) value for DPPH radical scavenging was 55?μg/mL. Pretreatment with 100?mg/kg MEROL for 16 d ameliorated CTX-induced hepatotoxicity represented in lowering the levels of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lipid profile and minimizing the histological damage.

Conclusions Pretreatment with 100?mg/kg b.w. MEROL mitigated CTX-induced hepatotoxicity due to its antioxidant activity.     

Long-term inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 reduces islet infiltration and downregulates IL-1β and IL-12 in NOD mice

Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (sitagliptin) is a novel anti-hyperglycemia drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, its potential in type 1 diabetes is still unclear. Recent studies show that increased infection, especially respiratory tract infection, is significantly associated with DPP-4 inhibitors. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of long-term inhibition of DPP- 4 on innate immunity in type 1 diabetes. Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10 in each group): control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, sitagliptin group and sitagliptin + LPS group. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured with Mesco Scale Discovery multiplexed-assay kit. Immunohistochemistry staining of pancreases was performed and insulitis scores for each islet were determined. The results showed that DPP-4 inhibition has no effect on incident rate of diabetes and metabolic parameters in NOD mice. Long-term inhibition of DPP-4 reduced CD4+T cells to infiltrate into islets and ameliorated insulitis in NOD mice. DPP-4 inhibition downregulated serum interleukin IL-1β and IL-12 in NOD mice. However, it had no significant effect on LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in NOD mice. In conclusion, Long-term inhibition of DPP-4 exists anti-inflammatory effect in type 1 diabetes probably by reducing CD4+T cells to infiltrate into islets and downregulating L-1β and IL-12 in serum.     

Effects of cidofovir treatment on cytokine induction in murine models of cowpox and vaccinia virus infection

Cytokine profiles during cowpox and vaccinia (WR strain) virus infections were characterized in intranasal (i.n.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) models in BALB/c mice. The time-course of induction and effects of cidofovir treatment on interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-gamma inducible protein (IP)-10, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined. The four mouse infection models have distinct patterns of cytokine induction. Cowpox virus i.p. and vaccinia virus i.n. infections showed increased induction throughout the time studied. Cowpox virus i.n. infection resulted in delayed induction of IFN-gamma and IP-10. Cytokine levels were fairly constant during vaccinia virus i.p. infections. Cidofovir treatment (100mg/kg/day i.p. for 2 days) significantly suppressed certain cytokine (IFN- gamma, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IP-10, LIF, MCP-1, MCP-3, MCP-5, MIP-1 gamma, and TIMP-1) levels to near normal relative to uninfected animals, as well as prevented mortality and reduced virus titers significantly. Characterization of cytokine responses has implications for understanding the immune responses and pathogeneses of viral infections in these mouse models.     

聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸阻止非肥胖性糖尿病发病机制的研究

目的　观察免疫调节剂聚肌苷酸 聚胞苷酸 (polyI:C)对非肥胖性糖尿病 (NOD)小鼠糖尿病发生和胰岛炎程度的影响以及干预后胰腺细胞Fas和Fas配体 (FasL)的表达变化情况。方法　给 36只 4周龄NOD雌鼠隔日腹腔注射 polyI :C 0 0 5 μg/g ,共 4周 ;同样方法注射等量的磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)作为对照。于 15周时各处死18只小鼠 ,取胰腺组织HE染色进行胰岛炎评分 ,反转录 多聚酶反应 (RT PCR)法检测FasmRNA和FasLmRNA的表达。其余小鼠 2 4周龄时观察发病率。结果　① 2 4周龄时polyI:C干预组的发病率 11 1% ,明显低于PBS对照组的发病率 72 7% (P <0 0 1)。②polyI :C干预组胰岛炎评分指数明显低于PBS对照组 ,胰岛炎严重程度明显减轻 (P <0 0 1)。③PT PCR检测 polyI :C干预组胰腺FasmRNA表达低于PBS对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而FasLmRNA表达差异无显著性。结论　polyI :C可以降低NOD小鼠糖尿病的发病率 ,延缓糖尿病的发生 ,减轻胰岛炎的严重程度 ,polyI:C通过抑制胰腺细胞Fas表达从而减少胰岛 β细胞的凋亡 ,在其干预机制中起一定作用     

Immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on white blood cells and lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of Balb/c mice

There has been lack of the uniform standard for establishment of animal immunodepressive models induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX), and the information about the immunosuppressive effect of CTX on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in rodents. Here we describe a CTX-induced mouse model and try to establish a feasible immunosuppressive model for studying the fungal pathogenicity. Balb/c mice received two intraperitoneal injections of different CTX doses (50-200 mg/kg) at 2-day intervals. Peripheral whole blood collected at different time-points before and after CTX injection was used to detect white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes and their subsets by automated hematology analyzer and flow cytometry, respectively. WBCs and lymphocytes in all groups except CTX50 (50 mg/kg CTX) group commenced to decrease in a dose-dependent manner on day 1, reached the nadir on day 4, rebounded on day 10, and declined again on day 17 after CTX treatment. Low dose (50 mg/kg) CTX produced no obvious change of percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and CD19(+) cells, but high doses (100 or 150 mg/kg) yielded a significant decrease of CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells on day 4 and CD19(+) cells on day 10, and increase of CD8(+) cells on day 4. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio decreased on day 4, followed by a rebound thereafter when treated with 3 different doses of CTX. The results indicate that two intraperitoneal injections of CTX at 150 mg/kg at 2-day intervals may establish good immunosuppressive models of Balb/c mice for studying the fungal pathogenicity.