膀胱移行细胞癌中survivin基因和血管内皮生长因子的表达和意义

目的：探讨survivin基因和血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达和意义。方法：用免疫组化二步法检测58例膀胱移行细胞癌组织及20例正常膀胱粘膜组织中VEGF和survivin的表达。结果：20例正常膀胱粘膜组织中VEGF、survivin表达均为阴性;survivin、VEGF在膀胱移行细胞癌阳性表达分别为33例（56．9％）、30例（51．7％）。肿瘤不同分级中随恶性程度的增高,表达增高,Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。不同临床分期中随分期的增高,表达增高,Tis—T1与T2-T4比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。survivin、VEGF在膀胱移行细胞癌表达呈正相关（r=0．385,P〈0．01）。结论：VEGF和survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用。survivin基因可能参与了肿瘤血管的形成。     

Survivin基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达和意义

目的 探讨Survivin基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达和意义.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法检测62例膀胱移行细胞癌组织及10例正常膀胱黏膜组织中Survivin蛋白的表达.结果 10例正常膀胱黏膜组织中,Survivin蛋白表达均为阴性; Survivin蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中阳性表达率为56.5%(35/62),肿瘤不同分级中随恶性程度的增高,表达增高,Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),不同临床分期中随分期的增高,表达增高,Tis～T1与T2～T4比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 Survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用.     

膀胱移行细胞癌细胞基质MMP-9和TIMP-2的表达及其临床意义

目的研究膀胱移行细胞癌组织中细胞外基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2(TIMP-2)的表达及意义.方法通过免疫组织的化学方法检测54例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-2的表达情况.结果MMP-9和TIMP-2在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达阳性率分别为35.1%和9.2%.MMP-9表达阳性率随病理分级增高而增高,Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级+Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).而TIMP-2的表达呈负相关.二者与肿瘤大小、转移及预后相关.结论MMP-9和TIMP-2的检测有助于判断膀胱移行细胞癌恶性程度及预后.     

Survivin和PTEN在膀胱癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 研究凋亡抑制基因Survivin和抑癌基因PTEN在膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中的表达及其与肿瘤分级、分期的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法,检测60例膀胱移行细胞癌和10例正常膀胱黏膜组织中Survivin蛋白和PTEN的表达.结果 60例BTCC中Survivin蛋白的表达率为76.67%,10例正常膀胱组织中未见Survivin蛋白表达,Survivin蛋白表达随BTCC分级、分期的增高而增高.Survivin蛋白在各级肿瘤中表达Ⅰ级42.86%,Ⅱ级79.17%,Ⅲ级95.45%;浅表性癌表达率55.56%,浸润性癌表达率为85.71%,初发63.64%,复发92.59%,单发61.54%,多发88.24%;初发与复发,单发与多发之间表达具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PTEN蛋白在60例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中阳性表达率为31.67%,PTEN阳性表达率随肿瘤细胞病理分级、临床分期程度的增高呈下降趋势.10例正常膀胱组织中PTEN蛋白均呈阳性反应.结论 Survivin蛋白和PTEN的表达与BTCC临床病理特征和生物学行为有密切关系,联合检测Survivin和PTEN,对诊断BTCC、判断其恶性程度及预后均有一定参考价值.     

PTEN、MDM2和c-erbB-2基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的 探讨PTEN、MDM2和c-erbB-2基因在膀胱移行细胞癌发生发展中的临床意义.方法 采用RT-PCR技术,检测32例膀胱移行细胞癌癌组织、癌旁组织及正常膀胱组织中PTEN、MDM2、c-erbB-2基因的表达.结果 PTEN、MDM2和c-erbB-2在膀胱癌组织中阳性表达率分别为31.3%、50.0%、78.1%(P＜0.05).PTEN在正常组织中呈高表达,随肿瘤分级、分期的增加呈递减趋势(P＝0.002).MDM2在正常组织中表达率是3.1%,而在G1级膀胱癌组织中呈高表达,并且随肿瘤分级、分期的增加呈递减趋势(P＜0.01).c-erbB-2在正常组织中不表达,而在肿瘤组织中呈高表达,并且随肿瘤分级、分期的增加呈递增趋势(P＜0.01).PTEN与MDM2表达、c-erbB-2表达均呈负相关(=-0.572,P＝0.015;=-0.653,P＝0.025),MDM2与c-erbB-2无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 PTEN、MDM2和c-erbB-2基因的表达异常及协同作用在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生和发展过程中起重要作用.     

脂肪酸合成酶在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的：脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthase,FAS）是一种新的肿瘤标志物,高表达常提示肿瘤的预后不良,由此本文旨在研究膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法：对65例随访5年的膀胱移行细胞癌手术患者的石蜡标本进行FAS的免疫组织化学染色分析,并与15例正常膀胱粘膜组织进行对照.结果：与正常组织相比,FAS在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中高表达,阳性表达率58.5%（38/65）,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.FAS的表达与肿瘤分级、初发、复发有关（P＜0.05）,但与临床分期及肿瘤数目无关.FAS阳性表达患者的5年生存率远低于阴性患者（18% vs.44%）,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论：FAS在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中表达增高,酶活性增强;FAS在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中表达增高有提示不良预后的作用.     

膀胱移行细胞癌细胞凋亡与热休克蛋白70的表达

目的:探讨膀胱移行细胞癌的细胞凋亡与热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达的关系.方法:光镜观察40例原发性膀胱移行细胞癌细胞凋亡指数(AI)并应用免疫组化Envision二步法检测其HSP70的相应表达.结果:膀胱移行细胞癌AI随肿瘤分化程度降低而增高,各组织学分级之间有显著性差异(P<0.01).40例膀胱移行细胞癌中HSP70阳性表达29例(72.5%);其阳性表达率在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级移行细胞癌中分别为92.8%、71.4%和46.1%,I与Ⅲ级之间有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:AI与HSP70表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的分化程度有关,HSP70可能参与细胞凋亡过程.     

FHIT、p21waf1/cip1基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达与意义

目的通过测定脆性组氨酸三联体基因(FHIT)及p21waf1/cip1基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织、正常膀胱组织中的表达,探讨FHIT基因以及p21waf1/cip1基因与膀胱癌的关系及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对43例膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)组织及14例正常膀胱组织中的FHIT基因及p21waf1/cip1基因的蛋白表达进行检测.结果FHIT蛋白表达与肿瘤的分期、分级无相关性(P＞0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达与之有相关性(P＜0.05);FHIT蛋白的表达在GI肿瘤、浅表性肿瘤中明显低于在正常膀胱组织中的表达(P＜0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达在上述组织比较中无差别(P＞0.05);FHIT蛋白的表达在初发肿瘤中与复发肿瘤中无明显差别(P＞0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达在上述两种组织比较有明显差别(P＜0.05).FHIT蛋白与p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达没有相关性(P＞0.05).结论FHIT基因可能成为早期诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的指标.p21waf1/cip1基因可能成为估计膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性程度及肿瘤侵袭性、预后的指标.FHIT基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的作用机制可能与p21waf1/cip1基因没有关系.     

膀胱移行细胞癌组织中脂肪酸合成酶表达及其预后相关性分析

目的:脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)是一种新的肿瘤标志物,高表达常常提示肿瘤的预后不良,本文研究其在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:对65名随访5年膀胱移行细胞癌手术患者的石蜡标本进行FAS的免疫组织化学染色分析,并与15例正常膀胱粘膜组织进行对照。结果:与正常组织相比,FAS在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中高表达,阳性表达率58.5%(38/65),有显著性的差异(P<0.05)。FAS的表达与肿瘤分级,初发复发有关(P<0.05)。但与临床分期及肿瘤数目无关。FAS阳性表达患者的5年生存率远低于阴性患者(18%vs44%),有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:FAS在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中表达增高,酶活性增强;FAS在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中表达增高有提示不良预后的作用。     

血管内皮生长因子VEGF受体Flk-1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子受体与膀胱移行细胞癌发生的关系。方法：应用免疫组化SP染色法检测81例膀胱移行细胞癌血管内皮生长因子受体的表达。结果：Flk-1在膀胱移行细胞癌组织血管内皮细胞中表达率为69％（56／81）,其中Ⅰ级为65％（28／43）,Ⅱ级为55％（12／22）,Ⅲ级为25％（4／16）,Flk-1在膀胱移行细胞癌Ⅰ级和Ⅱ有癌组织血管内皮细胞中阳性染色强度分别明显高于Ⅲ级,组间差异显著,（P＜0.01)。15例正常膀胱组织无Flk-1阳性反应。Flk-1表达强阳性的膀胱移行细胞癌标本VEGF同样呈强阳性表达。结论：Fkl-1可作为判断膀胱移行细胞癌早期诊断的指标之一。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。