慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏硬度值下降趋势与肝纤维化逆转结局的关系

目的 分析抗病毒治疗中慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏硬度值变化趋势与肝纤维化逆转结局的相关性。方法 基于恩替卡韦初治慢性乙型肝炎患者临床随访队列(2013年7月-2015年9月),检测基线和治疗中每半年HBV DNA水平、肝功能、肝脏硬度值。根据更为严格的标准将治疗前后Ishak评分变化分为3组:确定逆转组,Ishak评分下降≥2;不确定组,Ishak评分下降0~1;进展组,Ishak评分升高>1。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。采用分段线性混合模型拟合不同肝纤维化逆转结局的慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏硬度值下降趋势,斜率的显著性及不同组间斜率的比较采用t检验。结果 共纳入239例慢性乙型肝炎患者,恩替卡韦治疗1.5年后,18例患者(7.5%)达到肝纤维化组织学确定逆转、196例(82.0%)为不确定、25例(10.5%)为进展。开始抗病毒治疗半年内肝脏硬度值下降率:确定逆转组为-36.3%[95%可信区间(95%CI):-52.8%^-19.7%],不确定组为-23.7%(95%CI:-29.7%^-17.8%),进展组为-12.6%(95%CI:-31.0%~5.9%)。在确定逆转组与不确定组,肝脏硬度值在治疗后的前6个月比治疗6个月后的下降速度更快(P值均<0.05)。结论 抗病毒治疗半年内肝脏硬度值的下降速度与肝纤维化逆转结局相关性较强,治疗半年时肝脏硬度值下降超过30%者发生肝纤维化确定逆转的可能性更大。     

两种超声肝硬化检测仪检测慢性HBV感染者的比较研究

目的比较ET-CD-Ⅰ型超声肝硬化检测仪(试验机)与已上市的同类产品FibroScan(对照机)在主要性能等方面是否相同。方法选择2010年12月—2011年5月解放军第八一医院和泸州医学院附属医院收治的慢性HBV感染者作为研究对象,分别应用试验机和对照机进行肝脏硬度测定。按试验组和对照组及不同乙型肝炎(乙肝)类型,分别比较肝脏硬度弹性值。结果入组96例,符合方案人群(per-protocol population,PPP)为94例。两中心患者在年龄、性别方面比较无显著差异;体重指数比较,解放军第八一医院(23.24±2.59)明显高于泸州医学院附属医院(21.94±2.45),P=0.013。试验总符合率为97.9%(94/96),显著高于目标值85%(P<0.001)。试验机和对照机检测肝脏硬度弹性值无显著差异,不同乙肝类型中慢性乙肝和携带者无显著差异,肝硬化患者差异明显。结论试验机可用于检测肝脏硬度,辅助肝硬化诊断,使用简单方便,有效性及其他主要性能与对照机基本相当。     

肝脏硬度检测对乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张的预测

目的遴选乙型肝炎（乙肝）肝硬化食管静脉曲张（esophagealvarices,Ev）的无创性诊断指标,并建立相应诊断模型。方法回顾性分析280例乙肝肝硬化患者资料,统计分析血常规、生化指标、超声指标及肝脏硬度,建立诊断模型。结果20例（7．1％）肝脏硬度检测失败。肝脏硬度、肝脏超声指标、清蛋白、血小板与EV具有相关性（Kendallb〉0．20无EV患者的年龄、肝脏硬度、肝脏超声评分、脾厚度、清蛋白、球蛋白、白细胞、血小板等指标与Ev患者相比,差异有统计学意义。肝脏超声评分联合肝脏硬度预测Ev的受试者工作特征曲线下面积（area under receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC ）为0．83,以食管静脉曲张指数（esophagealvaricesindex,EVI）：4．254为诊断界值,预测患者无Ev的可能性为92．6％,阴性似然比为0．11;以EVI=6．853为诊断界值,预测患者存在EV的可能性为81．8％。在ALT〉5×ULN者中,肝脏硬度与EV相关性有所提高（Kendallb：0．421）,肝脏硬度检测预测Ev的AUROC为0．90。应用肝脏硬度预测Ev,80％患者可免除胃镜检查。肝脏硬度〈32．7kPa,排除EV的可能性为96．3％;肝脏硬度〉46．0kPa,确定EV存在的可能性为83．3％,阳性似然比为17．8。结论肝脏超声评分联合肝脏硬度可有效筛选、预测EV状态;在ALT〉5×ULN者中,肝脏硬度检测可独立准确预测EV状态。     

Correlation of liver biochemistry with liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis B and development of a predictive model for liver fibrosis

Aim: To correlate liver stiffness with demographical factors and routine liver biochemistry and to assess the predictive value of these as potential markers of fibrosis. Methods: Transient elastography was performed in 1268 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. According to a previous validated study for CHB, liver stiffness of >8.1 and >10.3 kPa were used as cut‐off values for defining severe fibrosis and cirrhosis respectively. Results: Liver stiffness correlated positively with bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), globulin, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and HBV DNA levels and negatively with albumin and platelet levels (P<0.05 for all correlations). From 13 parameters (age, sex, platelet, AST, ALT, GGT, AFP, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, ALP, HBV DNA and hepatitis B e‐antigen), four best parameters (AST, platelet, GGT and AFP) were used to derive a liver stiffness model. Using log (index)=1.44+0.1490(GGT)+0.3308 log (AST)−0.5846 log (platelets)+0.1148 log (AFP+1) to predict both severe fibrosis and cirrhosis had area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.85. Conclusion: Routine liver biochemistry correlated well with liver stiffness in Asian CHB patients. A model using simple serum markers can predict liver stiffness, and further studies are required to validate the usefulness of these simple tests as non‐invasive markers of fibrosis in CHB.     

内镜超声、肝硬度与肝脏病理联合评估早期肝硬化的价值

目的 研究内镜超声检查术（EUS）辅助诊断早期肝硬化的价值,以及分析EUS联合肝脏病理（LH）和肝硬度（LSM）诊断早期肝硬化的诊断效能。 方法 收集226例存在慢性肝损伤行内镜和EUS检查的患者资料,评估食管和胃底静脉曲张情况,行LH检查明确肝纤维化情况,行Fibroscan检查明确LSM。分别构建EUS-LSM 、EUS-LH、LSM-LH和ELL（EUS , LSM and LH）肝硬化预测模型,采用受试者工作曲线特征（ROC）和曲线下面积（AUROC）评价不同诊断方法预测早期肝硬化的效能。 结果 经过临床诊断为慢性肝病患者149例,诊断为早期肝硬化（Child-pugh A级）患者77例。早期肝硬化组EUS下静脉曲张比例高于内镜[68.8%(53/77) 比 32.5% (25/77), P<0.05]。LSM预测早期肝硬化cutoff值为8.65 kPa。早期肝硬化组肝脏病理可见假小叶有42例（54.5%）。ELL的AUROC是0.919（95%CI：0.875~0.951,灵敏度=0.792,特异度=0.913,阳性预测值=0.824,阴性预测值=0.895,阳性似然比=9.08,阴性似然比=0.23,准确度=0.872）,其预测早期肝硬化优于EUS（P<0.000 1）、LSM（P<0.000 1）、LH（P<0.000 1）、EUS-LSM（P<0.000 1）、EUS-LH（P=0.013 4）和LSM-LH（P=0.002 2）。 结论 早期肝硬化时 EUS在发现食管和胃底静脉曲张方面优于内镜。EUS、LH和LSM联合诊断可显著提高早期肝硬化的诊断效能。     

辽宁省体检人群2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝病调查研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的危险因素。方法:分析1800名体检者体检资料,其中T2DM患者360例(20%),再分为NAFLD(T2DM+NAFLD)组(280例)和单纯T2DM(对照)组,对两组患者体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及合并症进行分析。结果:T2DM主要分布在中青年人群。同时有T2DM和NAFLD者的患者,男性(180例)比女性(80例)明显增加(P0.001),检出高峰在中、老年人群。NAFLD组患者BMI[(27.1±2.1)kg/m2∶(22.9±2.0)kg/m2]、WHR[(1.4±0.1)∶(0.9±0.3)]、FBG[(10.1±2.2)mmol/L∶(8.9±2.3)mmol/L]、总胆固醇[TC,(6.3±1.5)mmol/L∶(5.8±1.6)mmol/L]、ALT[(59.6±33.1U/L)∶(27.4±11.7)U/L]、HOMA-IR[(5.1±1.3)∶(3.4±1.2)]均明显高于对照组(P均0.05)。NAFLD组患者合并肥胖症(53.1%∶27.9%)、中心性肥胖(80.3%∶44.7%)、高血压(58.9%∶42.5%)均显著高于对照组(P均0.05)。Logistic逐步回归分析显示HOMA-IR(OR=2.58,P0.01)、WHR(OR=2.66,P0.01)、BMI(OR=1.28,P0.05)是NAFLD的危险因素。结论:2型糖尿病合并非酒精性肝病患病率主要见于中、老年人,男性高于女性,糖、脂代谢障碍严重,其独立危险因素是胰岛素抵抗、中心性肥胖和体重指数。     

Transjugular liver biopsy: Comparison with percutaneous liver biopsy

Abstract A transjugular liver biopsy was performed on 60 patients. Specimens were successfully obtained from 57 (95%) patients. Specimens obtained from cirrhotic patients were frequently small-sized/fragmented. The wedge hepatic venous pressure and hepatic venous pressure gradient were higher in patients with small-sized/fragmented specimens than those with non-fragmented specimens (16.3 ± 6.4 vs 12.3 ± 4.9 and 10.9 ± 6.2 vs 7.3 ± 3.4 mmHg, P <0.05, respectively). During the same period of time, percutaneous liver biopsies were consecutively performed on 277 patients. The liver specimens by transjugular method were generally smaller (0.63±0.58 vs 1.50±0.86 cm, P <0.001) and more fragmented (63% vs 16%, P <0.01) than those obtained by percutaneous method. Biopsy specimens obtained for diagnosis by the former method were inadequate from 6 (10%) patients and by the latter route were inadequate from 7 (2%) patients. Subcapsular haematoma in one patient was associated with the transjugular liver biopsy. Minor complications occurred in three patients: neck haematoma in two and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during the procedure in one. In comparison, percutaneous liver biopsy was followed by minor complications in 20 patients and major complications in four patients. It is concluded that transjugular liver biopsy is a safe, valuable and alternative procedure to obtain liver specimens, especially in patients who were contraindicated for percutaneous liver biopsy.     

分子吸附再循环系统对肝移植术早期成功率的影响

目的 探讨影响肝移植术早期成功率的危险因素,总结在肝移植术前应用分子吸附再循环系统(MARS)治疗对术后患者早期生存率的影响。 方法 回顾性分析50例肝移植患者术前80次MARS治疗的临床资料,对有关临床指标进行排序分析;术后生存30d的28例为生存组,死亡6例为死亡组,对部分术前危险因素进行回归分析。 结果 50例患者中免除移植出院8例,移植前死亡8例,34例过渡到移植,移植后死亡6例。单次6 h MARS治疗较大幅度降低患者血清总胆红素、肌酐、尿酸、血氨、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平,同时显著改善系列器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)(P<0.05);移植术后早期死亡与术前SOFA、肌酐、国际标准化比率(INR)、TNF α和IL-10等存在明显相关性。 结论 术前SOFA、肌酐、INR、TNF α和IL-10水平是移植后早期死亡的主要术前危险因素,术前MARS支持可以显著改善这些危险因素,有效提高移植成功率,甚至避免移植手术。     

The non-invasive evaluation of liver involvement in patients with cystic fibrosis: A prospective study

Background and Aims

Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) has been described as the prominent pathology in liver explants of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but data outside the transplant setting are lacking. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of portal hypertension (PH) in CF-associated liver disease (CFLD) and develop an algorithm to classify liver involvement in CF patients.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of consecutive paediatric and adult patients in a tertiary centre between 2018 and 2019, who underwent ultrasound, liver (LSM) and spleen stiffness (SSM) measurement. CFLD was defined according to physical examination, liver tests and ultrasound findings. PSVD was likely if there were PH signs in the absence of advanced chronic liver disease (CF-ACLD, LSM <10 kPa). A historical cohort was used to validate the prognostic significance of the new definitions.

Results

Fifty (27.5%) patients met CFLD criteria. At least one sign of PH was found in 47 (26%) patients, but most (81%) had LSM <10 kPa and were likely to have PSVD; only 9 (5%) had CF-ACLD. PSVD and CFLD (LSM <10 kPa) co-existed in most (23/36) cases. In the historical cohort (n = 599 patients), likely PSVD and CFLD+PH were independently associated with a 2-fold and 3.5-fold increase in mortality compared to patients without PH, respectively. In 34 patients with SSM, values <21 and >50 kPa accurately diagnosed specific signs of PH.

Conclusions

PSVD is the prevailing cause of PH in CF patients. We developed a new diagnostic algorithm based on clinical and elastosonography criteria to classify liver involvement in patients with CF.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者动脉僵硬度的变化及其影响因素分析*

目的 研究不同年龄段非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者外周动脉僵硬度的变化,探讨影响动脉僵硬度增高的相关危险因素。方法 根据超声检查是否存在脂肪肝将2382例健康体检者分为NAFLD组和无NAFLD组,分析各年龄段两组间肱踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）的变化特点。以baPWV≥1400 cm/s为动脉僵硬度增高,采用Logistic回归分析影响动脉僵硬度增高的危险因素。结果 在2382例体检者中,发现NAFLD患者935例（39.3%）,在1595例男性中,检出NAFLD 患者726例（45.5%）,在787例女性中,检出NAFLD患者209例（26.6%,P<0.001）;在616例20~39岁、1463例40~59岁和303例>60岁人群中,分别发现NAFLD188例（30.5%）、623例（42.6%）和124例（40.9%）; 20～39岁年龄段NAFLD组baPWV水平为（1340.0±180.7） cm/s,显著高于无NAFLD组［（1203.9±155.2） cm/s,P<0.001］,40～59岁年龄段NAFLD组baPWV水平为（1437.1±232.6） cm/s,显著高于无NAFLD组［（1355.8±217.9） cm/s,P<0.001］,大于60岁年龄段NAFLD组baPWV水平为（1885.8±404.0） cm/s,与无NAFLD组的baPWV水平［（1830.2±430.6） cm/s］无统计学差别（P>0.05）;在1643例血压正常者,二分类Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、性别、NAFLD、血清总胆固醇为baPWV升高的独立危险因素。结论 NAFLD患者较无NAFLD人群动脉僵硬度增高,以青中年NAFLD患者增高更为明显。NAFLD为动脉僵硬度增高的独立危险因素。