社区老年住院慢性病患者生活质量调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解老年慢性病患者的生活质量现状,探讨其影响因素,从而提出相关对策.方法 收集在本院住院的老年慢性病患者,进行社会支持量表、症状自评量表（SCL-90）及生活质量（WHOQOL-100）评定.利用统计学方法分析影响老年住院慢性病患者生活质量的各种因素.结果 （1）在该老年慢性病患者人群中,有51.6％生活质量下降,51.6％存在心理障碍.（2）多元逐步回归分析表明,影响该老年患者人群QOL的主要因素为疾病严重程度、社会支持水平及是否患有肿瘤病.结论 老年住院慢性病患者生活质量下降是普遍的,受主要疾病严重程度、社会支持水平及是否存在肿瘤的影响.改善老年人的躯体健康,提高社会支持力度,可提高老年慢性病患者的生活质量.     

国营大型企业工人职业紧张对生存质量的影响

[目的]了解企业工人职业紧张对健康的影响.[方法]采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),调查随机抽取的1143名国营大型企业工人的职业任务(ORQ)、紧张反应(PSQ)、应对资源(PRQ),采用生存质量量表(SF-36量表)调查其生存质量(QOL).根据职业紧张问卷得分(OSI-R)的频数描述,将各个项目按照四分位间距分为低、中、高三组,将生存质量的8个纬度总结为生理健康综合测量(PCS)和心理健康综合测量(MCS),然后把两个综合测量总结为总的生存质量(TOTAL),采用方差分析及两两比较的方法进行比较.用偏相关分析方法评价生存质量与职业紧张、紧张反应和应对资源各子项目间的相关性.[结果]随ORQ及其子项目得分增加,企业工人QOL得分呈降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);随PSQ及其子项目得分增加,企业工人QOL得分呈降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);随PRQ及其子项目得分增加,企业工人QOL得分呈增高趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);企业工人QOL与ORQ及其各子项目得分呈负相关(P＜0.01),与PSQ各子项目得分呈负相关(P＜0.01),与PRQ各子项目得分呈正相关(P＜0.01).[结论]企业工人职业紧张可影响其生存质量.职业任务和个体紧张反应的增高可降低企业工人的生存质量;个体应对资源的增多可提高企业工人的生存质量.提示我们在研究职业紧张对健康的影响时,既要重视其对心理健康的影响,也要重视对生理健康的影响.在制订提高职工健康水平的措施时,既要重视减轻职业任务,更要重视提高应对资源.     

离退休干部187例生活质量及性疾病调查

目的:了解离退休干部生活、心理、健康等现状。方法:对187例离退休干部进行健康体检及生活质量问卷调查。结果:自评生活满意度分别为:23.7%良好,74.2%中等,2.1%差;96.7%离退休干部有中等以上的经济收入;91.6%离退休干部生活能自理;12.9%离退休干部对自己的身体健康不满意;100%有慢性疾病,影响其生活质量主要是慢性疾病,患3种以上慢性病者占76.8%;部分老人存在不同心理障碍;医疗保健满意度为63.8%。结论:各种慢性疾病是影响离退休生活质量的主要原因。     

鞍钢1997—1999年职业病伤及其费用负担调查

[目的]探讨鞍钢职业病伤发生及其费用负担特点。[方法]对鞍钢116家企业在1997－1999年半年期间的职业病伤及其相关的费用负担进行流行病学调查。[结果]职业病伤发生率位居前8位的行业是社会团体21．51％,普通机制制造业4．95％、黑色金属矿采选业4．67％、非金属矿物制造业4．54％、石油加工及炼焦业3．97％、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业3．64％、铁路运输业3．16％和自来水的生产和供应业3．02％;从职业病伤支出费用占工资总额的比例看,社会团体、铁路运输业、非金属矿物制造业和黑色金属矿采选业支出比例最高,分别是5．26％、2．84％、2．25％和2．23％。[结论]上述行业可能为鞍钢职业病伤高危行业,每年支出的费用负担严重。但由于行业的特殊性,社会团体尚待进一步研究。     

上海居民慢性病与生命质量关系的研究

目的研究上海居民慢性病患病情况及其对生命质量的影响,分析慢性病与生命质量的关系。方法采用随机、分层、多阶段抽样的方法抽取调查对象,运用自填式问卷调查方式对919名居民进行调查,问卷包括调查对象基本情况问卷及SF-36健康调查量表。结果上海居民慢性病患病率达25.14%,其中高血压患病率最高。有慢性病者的SF-36量表各维度得分均比无慢性病者低,而且慢性病数量影响生命质量,慢性病越多生命质量越差。结论慢性病已经成为一个重要的公共卫生问题,严重损害人们的生命质量。     

沈阳市医护人员职业紧张和生命质量状况调查

[目的]对沈阳市级以上医院的医护人员进行调查,评价其职业紧张和生命质量状况,为制定医护人员健康保护措施,提高其生命质量提供科学依据。[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取2所沈阳市级以上医院345名医护人员,采用职业紧张量表（OSI—R）和生命质量量表（SF-36）对医护人员进行调查,应用t检验和方差分析比较不同特征医护人员个体紧张程度和生命质量的差异,并采用协方差分析方法探讨个体紧张程度和生命质量之间的关系。[结果]≤35岁医护人员个体紧张程度较其他年龄组高（P〈0．05）;女性医护人员个体紧张程度较男性高（P〈0．05）;护士的个体紧张反应较医生高（P〈0．05）;夜班较多的医护人员个体紧张反应较夜班少者高（P〈0．05）。医护人员生命质量的生理维度得分随年龄增长而下降;医护人员中女性与男性相比,其生命质量较差（P〈0．05）;夜班越多,医护人员生命质量越差（P〈0．05）;医护人员个体紧张反应与生命质量间存在明显的线性关系（P〈0．01）,紧张反应程度越高,生命质量越差。[结论]职业紧张是影响医护人员生命质量的重要因素之一。     

2010年临朐县企业职业病危害状况及服务需求调查

[目的]了解临朐县企业职业病危害与职业卫生的服务需求状况,为制定职业卫生管理机制和应对策略提供依据。[方法]2010年3~5月,选择临朐县91家存在职业病危害因素的企业,对工作场所有害因素进行检测,对工人进行职业健康体检和职业健康服务需求调查。[结果]在91家企业合计检测2 263个点,职业病危害因素合格的2 114个点,平均合格率为93.42%。检测合格率,噪声为91.51%,空气总粉尘为96.45%,一氧化碳为99.38%,二氧化碳为100.00%,硫酸为96.30%,氢氧化钠为96.15%,苯(甲苯、二甲苯)为86.49%,甲醛为6/6,硫化氢为9/9,高温为94.74%,氯气为5/5。检查接触噪声的1 838人,纯音听力异常率为32.10%,其中职业性听力损伤观察对象检出率为28.89%,轻度听力损伤罹患率为2.99%,中度听力损伤罹患率为0.22%;检查接触苯的815人,苯中毒观察对象检出率为3.56%,慢性轻度苯中毒检出率为0.98%,慢性中度苯中毒检出率为0.12%;检查接触粉尘的718人,观察对象检出率为0.28%。在8 752名调查对象中,上岗前、在岗期间接受过职业安全卫生知识培训的分别占41.00%、12.85%。[结论]临朐县企业存在较严重的职业病危害因素,职业卫生服务水平有待提高。     

Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life Among Primary School Children in Ahwaz, Iran

It has been claimed that health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessments should provide information about capabilities and well-being and their relevance to the individual concerned. No attempt has been made before to measure children's HRQL in Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe reports of parents in a random sample of 3,800 Iranian primary school children (ages 6–12 years old) on domains of the TNO AZL Child Quality of Life (TACQOL) parent form, in the winter of 2001. It was a cross-sectional design, and 56 items taken from seven domains of TACQOL were employed. The parents' questionnaire included demographic questions and seven eight-item scales: physical complaints, motor functioning, autonomy, cognitive (such as concentration, or understanding what others say) and social functioning, and positive and negative emotions. All scales were scored from 56 to 280 (8–40 for each scale), with higher scores indicating better HRQL. Scale reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. The mean score for all domains was 35.3 (ranged from 32.5 for positive emotions to 37.7 for motor functioning). Significant differences were found between the HRQL of children and mothers' job and child's birth order (p<;0.01). However, no significant differences were found by child's sex, child's age, and mothers' educational attainment. There are some limitations and difficulties for Iranian children's HRQL. Children's quality-of-life measurements should be considered by researchers in less economically developed countries as a routine part of health and medical visits. Health policy-makers may also consider HRQL measurements in their national data capture system to recognize children's well-being status.     

北京市朝阳区417家职业病危害申报企业分析

目的了解朝阳区存在职业病危害因素企业的职业病危害现状和职业病危害申报情况,以便对存在职业病危害因素的企业进行更好的管理与服务。方法将截止到2004年底北京市朝阳区进行职业病危害申报的417家企业的申报资料用EpiData 2.1 b做成数据库,将所需信息导出到SPSS 13进行统计分析,标准化使用2003年度北京市朝阳区统计局发布的朝阳区工业企业主要经济指标,采用χ2检验。结果截止到2004年年底共有417家存在职业病危害因素的企业进行申报,占全朝阳区企业数的15.34%;其中国有企业申报77家,占朝阳区国有企业的29.06%;集体企业申报89家,占朝阳区集体企业的15.40%;私营企业申报26家,占朝阳区私营企业的2.96%;股份有限公司申报29家,占朝阳区股份有限公司的78.38%。对检测资料进行统计分析,在所有企业中物理因素的超标率最高为18.21%,超过化学因素(χ2=75.37,P<0.01)和粉尘(χ2=31.28,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。其中私营企业的物理因素超标率为39.58%,化学因素的超标率为3.80%,粉尘的超标率为11.54%。417家职业病危害因素申报企业的职工总数为119 231人,接触职业病危害因素16 341人,占职业病危害申报企业职工总数的13.71%。结论为贯彻好《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》等法律、法规,推进朝阳区职业卫生的管理、保护劳动者的健康权益,需要政府、职业卫生服务机构、企业等各方面的配合与落实。     

Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life Among Overweight and Obese Korean Women

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) tends to be lower among individuals who are overweight and obese than those of normal weight, and women may be more vulnerable to lower HRQOL associated with obesity than men. Identifying factors associated with HRQOL may be crucial for improving HRQOL for overweight/obese women. We aimed to determine the factors associated with obesity-specific HRQOL among overweight/obese Korean women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 women aged 20–64 years, who comprised a baseline sample in the Community-based Heart and Weight Management Trial. The data were collected from September 2010 to November 2011. The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Interpersonal Social Evaluation List, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL)–Lite scales were used to measure self-efficacy for weight control, depressive symptoms, social support, and HRQOL, respectively. Increased body mass index, lower self-efficacy for weight control, and higher levels of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with greater impairment in total IWQOL in the regression models. However, social support was not significantly associated with IWQOL. Along with weight loss strategies, other strategies for improving self-efficacy and alleviating depressive symptoms may be essential for improving HRQOL among overweight and obese women.     

Obesity,Health and Quality of Life: A Conversation to Further the Vision in Occupational Therapy

ABSTRACT

Occupational therapy is one of the most powerful professions to support the development of healthy lifestyles, promote health and well-being and empower individuals, communities and populations, especially those impacted by or at risk for obesity. Development of healthy lifestyles enhances and promotes quality of life. This article discusses the need for occupational therapy professionals to explore the many possibilities that enable lifestyle change for people at risk for or who are obese or overweight. Embracing and integrating health promotion and wellness into everyday practice, particularly for those impacted by obesity, is emphasized.     

上海市原浦东新区2004—2010年慢性职业病发病情况分析

[目的]掌握上海市原浦东新区各类慢性职业病发病情况,分析发病规律,为制定职业病防治对策、措施和职业卫生监督管理提供依据。[方法]收集2004—2010年职业病报告卡,根据职业病目录进行分类后采用Excel表进行汇总分析。[结果]尘肺病特别是电焊工尘肺居原浦东新区慢性职业病病例之首,其次为铸工尘肺和苯中毒病例;船舶制造、机械加工和铸造企业为目前职业病病例高发单位;职业病病例数特别是电焊工苯中毒和噪声聋等病种有增长趋势;国有企业、私营企业和外资企业的慢性职业病发病人数占据前三位;实际接触工龄大部分为5年以上。[结论]2004—2010年各类慢性职业病病例主要为国有企业、私营企业、外资企业中的船舶制造、机械加工和铸造等用人单位的尘肺病、慢性职业中毒和职业病耳鼻喉口腔疾病,应进一步加强存在粉尘、有机溶剂、噪声等重点单位、重点岗位、重点人群的监督检查,同时加强宣传培训和教育指导,完善职业健康监护制度,切实保障广大劳动者的职业健康权益。     

内蒙古某地蒙古族牧民和农民主要慢性病流行病学调查

目的 了解内蒙古牧区牧民和农耕区农民的生活方式以及高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖等慢性病流行状况。方法2007年8月对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌旗牧民305人和呼和浩特市土左旗农民340人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果男性牧民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率及超重（肥胖）的检出率分别为57．0％，2．8％，22．5％，33．6％，农民分别为27．2％，2．7％，19．7％，21．O％，除糖尿病差异无统计学意义，其余均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）；女性牧民分别为43-8％，0．6％，24．7％，39．6％，农民分别为28．6％，2．3％，25．8％，45．0％，仅高血压、糖尿病差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。牧民和农民男性吸烟率分别为55．6％和82．3％，饮酒率分别为40．1％和53_8％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。牧民男性每日食盐摄人量平均为（17．6±6．3）g，女性为（15．1±4．5）g；分别高于农民男性的（13．1±3．1）g，女性的（13．5±3．6）g，差异均有统计学意义（．P〈0．05）。结论高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖已成为影响农、牧民健康的主要公共卫生问题，牧民尤为突出，与高盐饮食、大量饮酒有关，应该及时加以干预和控制，着重倡导戒烟限酒和低盐饮食。     

Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction with Family Practice Care in a Roma Population with Chronic Conditions in Northeast Slovenia

Objectives

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures a patient’s subjective experience of his or her health status. We aimed to show how the presence of chronic diseases and satisfaction with family physicians (FPs) were associated with the HRQoL of a Roma population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in May 2011 on a representative sample of 650 Roma living in Prekmurje, Slovenia. The EQ-5D questionnaire was used for measuring the HRQoL of the Roma. Demographical data, 12 groups of diseases diagnosed in the last 12 months and satisfaction with FPs were included in the questionnaire.

Results

The response rate was 88.3% 574), of which 56.4% were female, and the average age of the participants had a mean value of 40.2±12.7 years. The presence of cardiovascular problems with risk factors for them or presence of musculoskeletal disorders were strongly associated with the presence of pain (Cramer’s V = 0.40 and 0.46 respectively). There was a strong association between the presence of mental disorders and anxiety and depression (Cramer’s V = 0.58). The average satisfaction with the family physician was 3.9 (mean±1.10) on a five-point Likert scale. There was no significant association between HRQoL and satisfaction with the family physician.

Conclusions

Roma with chronic mental health problems had the lowest HRQoL in the Roma population. More attention should be paid to this subgroup of Roma in family medicine, and interventions should be provided. High satisfaction with their FPs is not associated with the observed quality of life variables.     

某中学超重肥胖初中生健康相关生活质量评定

目的探讨超重、肥胖对初中生健康相关生活质量的影响,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法使用PedsQLTM4.0问卷,对某中学正常体重、超重、肥胖组初中生进行生活质量调查分析。结果超重、肥胖男生躯体功能维度得分和总分均明显低于正常组,肥胖女生社会功能维度得分显著低于非肥胖组(P值均<0.05)。结论超重、肥胖对男、女初中生生活质量的影响模式不同,干预时应采取不同策略。     

海安县居民慢性病流行病学调查与分析

为了解海安县慢性病的流行病学特征，采用分层随机抽样的方法，对5835名年龄≥35岁居民的慢性病患病情况进行调查，结果显示：高血压患病率（标化）为26．95％，冠心病为1．74％，脑卒中为0．81％、糖尿病为0．54％，恶性肿瘤为1．75％。该5种疾病的患病率与年龄、职业有关（P＜0．05）；高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病的患病率与性别、化程度有关（P＜0．05）。表明高血压和恶性肿瘤这2种疾病应是今后海安地区慢性病预防的重点。     

Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Survivors of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

In this study health-related quality of life (HRQL) in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) was evaluated and the findings were analyzed using a conceptual model developed by Wilson and Cleary. A better understanding of the relationships between the variables explaining HRQL may improve care and rehabilitation of HL patients. The populations were long-term survivors of HL (n = 121) and a control group (n = 236). Participants were approached with one semi-structured interview, an extended version of the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life - Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) and three standardized questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, Short Form 12 health survey questionnaire (SF-12) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale. No differences regarding the mean scores were found between the HL survivors and the controls except for the SF-12, where the patients considered themselves to be in poorer physical health than the controls (p < 0.01). Even though physical health was diminished, patients did not evaluate overall QoL worse compared to the controls. The major determinants of perception of general QoL were self-rated physical and mental health as well as SOC. The HRQL of persons who have survived a median of 14 years with HL is similar to that of controls.     

Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Cataract Patients: The Relationship between utility and Health-Related Quality of Life Measurement

The relationship between health-related quality of life (HQL) measures and patient preference for their health status was studied. Study subjects consisted of 132 patients at four hospitals who were scheduled for cataract surgery. Generic and disease-specific health status measures were determined in study subjects. The Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (SF-36) item health status instrument was used to measure generic health status and the Visual Function 14 (VF-14) item visual health status instrument was used as the disease-specific health measure. Preference for general health and visual health was measured by assessing utilities assigned by patients to certain health states. Utilities assigned for general health were correlated with all categories of the SF-36 and VF-14 scores. Utilities assigned for visual health were correlated with four categories of the SF-36 (role limitation due to emotional health, general health, physical functioning, and vitality) and VF-14 scores. Utilities assigned for visual health were more strongly correlated with VF-14 scores than generic measures of health. Verbal ratings for visual health were correlated with Snellen visual acuity (SVA) (r=0.20), utilities assigned for visual health (r=0.58), VF-14 scores (r=0.74), all categories of the SF-36 (r values ranging from 0.21 to 0.28), utilities assigned for general health (r=0.19), and verbal ratings for general health (r=0.29). Utility measures and verbal ratings for general and visual health were shown to be appropriate HQL measures. These measures were strongly correlated with other established generic and disease-specific health measures and should be included in the array of health status measures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of Impairment and Disability on Health-Related Quality of Life of Elderly: A Community-Based Study from Urban India

Introduction:

Increasing population of elderly and the emergence of epidemic of chronic or (non-communicable) diseases, which is likely to adversely affects their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), has implications on health systems in developing countries such as India. A study was conducted to know the common impairments and disabilities and their effect on HRQOL in elderly population.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study on elderly, selected by cluster sampling from central Delhi, India, was conducted from April 2005 to February 2006. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire, along with Short Form -36 (SF-36) survey was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using Chi square and student''s t test on SPSS v12 statistical software. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 200 elderly were included in the study. 71.5% subjects had at least one disability/impairment. Around 40% subjects reported their health being poor and another 50% of worsening of their health in the last 1 year. HRQOL score for people with and without chronic morbidity/disability was 51.8 and 73.5, respectively (P<0.05), with overall mean score 56.7 (±17.2). The most commonly affected HRQOL domains were Role Physical, Physical Functioning, and General Health. The HRQOL and domain scores decreased with increasing age, and females had lower mean scores than males (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

The HRQOL of elderly in urban India is severely affected by impairments and disabilities. There is an immediate need for specific preventive and rehabilitative measures targeted on elderly to maintain their health related quality of life. This information may be utilized for designing any policy and/or program targeted for elderly in India and in other similar settings.