牙齿损伤后降钙素基因相关肽和胶质源性神经生长因子在三叉神经节中的表达变化

目的:探讨降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和胶质源性神经生长因子(GDNF)在大鼠磨牙损伤后不同时段三叉神经节中表达变化。方法:制备大鼠磨牙机械损伤的模型,对其三叉神经节中CGRP和GDNF进行免疫组化染色。结果:在正常三叉神经节中CGRP呈阳性反应,GDNF染色呈阴性;损伤后即刻组CGRP染色阳性,GDNF少许表达;3天组GDNF染色强阳性;损伤5天后CGRP染色强阳性,GDNF表达开始减弱;损伤9天后两者表达恢复到正常水平。结论:CGRP和GDNF参与并促进牙齿损伤后的痛过敏及神经再生修复。     

神经生长因子在牙齿损伤后三叉神经节中的表达变化

目的：探讨神经生长因子（NGF）在牙齿损伤过程中的变化。方法：制备大鼠磨牙机械损伤的模型,对其三叉神经节中NGF进行免疫组化染色。结果：正常对照组NGF在三叉神经节中低水平表达;损伤1－3d时表达明显增强;损伤5d后表达开始减弱;损伤9d后表达恢复至正常水平。结论：NGF可能参与牙齿损伤后的反应并促进其修复。     

不同发育阶段人牙髓中降钙素基因相关肽的变化

降钙素基因相关肽 (calcitoningene -relatedpeptide ,CGRP)是一种传递信息的多肽 ,几乎每一个生理、病理过程都有神经肽参与[1] 。免疫防御能力是在个体发生、发育过程中逐渐完善的 ,此过程中神经的变化可能反映了牙髓免疫防御功能完善过程。关于人年轻恒牙发育过程中牙髓CGRP含量与根尖闭合状态的关系 ,国内外未见相关报道。本研究采用免疫组织化学的方法 ,观察了CGRP数量变化及分布特征 ,为CGRP如何参与牙髓的生长发育提供依据。1　材料和方法牙髓标本取自因正畸需要而拔除的正常前磨牙 ,根尖未闭合组 15例 (10～ 12岁 ) ,根尖闭…     

神经生长因子在损伤牙牙髓中的表达变化

目的:探讨神经生长因子(NGF)在牙齿损伤过程中的表达变化及作用。方法:应用免疫组织化学方法显微图像分析比较正常和机械损伤状态下NGF在牙髓组织中的表达变化。结果:在正常牙髓组织中NGF染色呈阴性,损伤0 h组牙髓中NGF低水平表达,损伤3 d组牙髓NGF染色强阳性,损伤5 d后NGF表达开始减弱;损伤9 d后表达恢复到正常水平。结论:NGF参与牙齿损伤后的反应和神经的再生修复。     

人龋病牙髓中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的研究

目的：研究人牙髓降钙素基因相关肽（calicitonin gene-related peptide CGRP）在龋病发展过程中的变化特点，为探讨牙髓局部免疫系统如何参与牙髓的各种病理改变提供理论基础。方法：用免疫组织化学染色法标记牙髓中CGRP并进行定量研究。结果：正常及龋病牙髓中均存在CGRP，牙髓CGRP阳性神经纤维的数量随龋病进展而增多，各组间比较有显著差异。结论：正常牙髓中存在CGRP并与龋坏深度相关。龋坏早期，神经肽对龋源性刺激做出了反应，随着龋坏的发展，局部反应增强，提示CGRP可能参与了牙髓炎症修复过程。     

神经生长因子调控降钙素基因相关肽的表达及对MG-63细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨创伤愈合过程中神经生长因子（NGF）调控降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的表达,以及影响MG-63细胞增殖的作用机制。方法 加入不同质量浓度的NGF刺激MG-63细胞,1、2、3、4 d后收集样本,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测CGRP的表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-QPCR）检测CGRP mRNA的表达,采用细胞计数法（CCK-8）检测MG-63细胞的增殖;在MG-63细胞中加入NGF受体阻断剂,采用RT-QPCR和CCK-8检测CGRP mRNA的表达及MG-63细胞的增殖效率。结果 在NGF作用下,MG-63细胞分泌的CGRP表达量明显上调,随NGF质量浓度升高,CGRP表达量也相应升高,具有浓度依赖性,CGRP表达量随NGF作用时间延长也相应增加（P<0.05）;随NGF质量浓度升高和作用时间延长,MG-63细胞的增殖效率也相应增加（P<0.05）。加入NGF受体阻断剂后此作用相应减弱（P<0.05）。结论 在创伤愈合过程中NGF能通过上调CGRP的表达量影响MG-63细胞的增殖,从而促进创伤愈合。     

牙髓中的P物质,降钙素基因相关肽

神经肽(ncuropeptides)是体内传递信息的多肽,主要分布于神经组织,也分布于其它组织.同一种神经肽按其分布不同可能起递质(transmitter),调质(modulator) 或激素(hormone)样作用.近十多年来神经生物学领域中最重要的进展之一是对神经肽的研究.P物质(Substance P,SP)与降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-related peptide,CGRP)同属神经肽类,其神经末稍中枢端止于脊髓背角,外周端止于内脏器官和皮肤粘膜等组织.SP和CGRP亦存在于大多数的口腔组织中,在牙髓中的含量相当高.最近的研究表明它们可能在牙髓的炎症和愈合过程中起重要的作用.     

正畸牙齿移动中降钙素基因相关肽的研究进展

降钙素基因相关肽是一种具有生物活性的神经肽,自1987年开始用于研究牙周神经与正畸牙齿移动之间的关系。CGRP作为神经递质和调节因子直接或间接参与了牙齿移动时牙周组织的改建,并在炎症过程和痛觉传导中发挥作用。本文介绍了其在正常牙周膜中的分布特点、正畸牙齿移动时它的反应和变化,以及与牙槽骨改建、疼痛和炎症反应的关系。     

三叉神经痛患者神经纤维降钙素基因相关肽的观察

目的 :观察三叉神经痛患者痛支与非痛支神经纤维中降钙素基因相关肽的含量变化 ,加深对三叉神经痛发病机理的认识。方法 :用免疫组织化学法观察 16例患者痛支与非痛支神经纤维组织中降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性颗粒的差异。结果 :发现痛支神经组织中降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性颗粒的数量、面积均显著多于、大于非痛支神经组织中的降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性颗粒。结论 :我们认为 :三叉神经痛的痛支神经过度合成和释放降钙素基因相关肽可能促进了SP的释放 ,导致阵发性剧烈疼痛 ,并在局部形成神经源性炎症。     

降钙素基因相关肽在大鼠切牙和牙周组织中的表达

目的:研究降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related petide,CGRP)在大鼠切牙成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞和牙周膜细胞中的定位表达。方法:取6周龄Wistar大鼠的下颌骨,常规脱钙,切片,并进行HE染色和免疫组织化学染色,显微镜下观察CGRP在各组织细胞中的定位和表达。结果:CGRP在牙周膜细胞中呈阳性表达,在分泌期成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞中呈强阳性表达。结论:CGRP在牙齿硬组织发育细胞中呈强阳性表达,提示CGRP在釉质和牙本质发育的过程具有一定的意义。     

神经生长因子在恒前牙龋源性牙髓炎早期牙痛中的作用

目的：观察神经生长因子（nerve growth facter，NGF）在正常及炎症组织中的表达和表达差异，探讨其在牙髓炎症和炎性牙痛中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法和显微图像分析系统，比较NGF在正常和龋源性牙髓炎早期的表达变化，以及观察其与临床牙痛的变化关系，并设一组晚期牙髓炎的牙髓组织作为晚期炎症对照。结果：在正常牙髓中NGF染色呈弱阳性，龋源性牙髓炎早期即呈强阳性表达，晚期牙髓炎亦呈强阳性表达。炎症的发展与伴随此过程的牙齿疼痛症状相符合。结论：NGF伴随着牙髓的炎症变化。由此认为NGF在牙髓炎症及炎性牙痛中发挥重要的作用。     

A comparison of four extraction methods for substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide from human dental pulp tissue

Measuring neuropeptides in biological tissues by radioimmunoassay requires efficient extraction that maintains their immunoreactivity. Many different methods for extraction have been described, but there is little information on optimal extraction methods for individual neuropeptides from human dental pulp tissue. The aim was therefore to identify an effective extraction procedure for three pulpal neuropeptides; substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Tissue was obtained from 20 pulps taken from teeth freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons. The pulp samples were divided into four equal groups and different extraction methods were used for each group. Boiling whole pulp in acetic acid gave the highest overall yield and, in addition, offered an easy and rapid means of pulp tissue processing. The use of protease inhibitors did not increase the recovery of the immunoreactive neuropeptides but did provide the best combination of maximal recoveries and minimal variability. These results should be useful for planning the extraction of these neuropeptides from human pulp tissue in future studies.     

Postnatal development of protein gene product 9.5 and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerve fibres in rat temporomandibular joint disc

Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), an immunohistochemical marker of whole nerve fibres, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a marker of thin nerve fibres, were used to elucidate the postnatal development of nerve fibres in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. At birth, PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres exhibited running towards the central area of the disc, invading by approximately 95 m from the disc attachment. The nerve fibres existing inside the disc became longer during postnatal development. The number of nerve fibres in the disc increased in a progressive manner up to 40 days after birth. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres also presented changes essentially similar to those of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres. However, the proportion of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres to PGP 9.5-immunoreactive ones was approximately 80%, and remained constant up to 40 days after birth. In conclusion, the distribution and the number of nerve fibres are variable during postnatal development, although the ratio of thin nerve fibres remains invariable. It is emphasized that these changes of innervation in the TMJ are associated with the development of masticatory function.     

Quantitative analysis of substance P,neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide in gingival crevicular fluid associated with painful human teeth

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the gingival crevicular fluid of teeth diagnosed with pain of pulpal origin compared with clinically healthy teeth, and to detect any changes in the levels of these neuropeptides in gingival crevicular fluid after removal of the pulp from the painful teeth. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected at baseline from one interproximal site at a painful and a non-painful contralateral tooth from 54 adult patients. Sampling was repeated after 1 wk in a subset of 21 subjects. Samples were analysed for SP, NKA, and CGRP using radioimmunoassay. The mean levels of SP and NKA were significantly higher in gingival crevicular fluid from painful teeth compared with non-painful teeth. The level of SP in the GCF of painful teeth fell significantly 1 wk after pulpectomy. In contralateral teeth, there were no significant differences in the levels of SP and NKA after 1 wk. It is concluded that SP and NKA are present in significantly greater amounts in the GCF of painful teeth compared with healthy teeth.     

免疫荧光法观察正畸大鼠牙髓CGRP的变化

目的:观察正畸牙齿移动不同时期大鼠牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)阳性神经纤维的变化。方法:采用冷冻切片和间接免疫荧光方法观察正畸大鼠牙髓组织CGRP阳性神经纤维的表达变化情况。结果:CGRP阳性神经纤维在大鼠牙髓组织中分布较丰富,在根髓呈粗大的束状;在冠髓呈条索状、串珠样,并在髓顶造牙本质细胞下层,成网状分布。正畸加力后3d大鼠牙髓CGRP阳性神经纤维数量开始增加;加力7d达到最高;至撤力后28d下降到正常水平。结论:CGRP阳性神经纤维参与了正畸牙齿移动大鼠牙髓组织的反应过程。     

年轻恒牙外伤后的牙髓处理

牙齿外伤包括牙体硬组织损伤、牙髓组织损伤和牙周组织损伤。牙髓组织损伤可存在于牙齿折断、牙齿移位和牙齿全脱臼。外伤后,牙髓组织的转归可分为牙髓存活、髓腔钙化、牙髓坏死。7～15岁是儿童恒牙外伤的高发年龄,此时其牙齿尚处于生长发育中,牙外伤的治疗和预后远比成人复杂。本文针对年轻恒牙的特点,提出外伤后牙髓损伤判断和处置的对策。     

The effect of orthodontic forces on calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in human dental pulp

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of moderate and severe orthodontic forces on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in healthy human dental pulp.

Methods

Thirty human dental pulp samples were obtained from healthy premolars in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. Before extraction, teeth were divided into 3 groups of 10 premolars each: (1) the control group: healthy premolars without application of orthodontic forces; (2) the moderate force group: a 56-g force was applied to the premolars for 24 hours; and (3) the severe force group: a 224-g force was applied to the premolars for 24 hours. All dental pulp samples were processed, and CGRP was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

Greater CGRP expression was found in the severe force group followed by the moderate force group. The lower CGRP values were for the control group. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between groups (P < .0001). Least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests showed statistically significant differences in CGRP expression between the control group and the severe force group (P < .0001) but not with the moderate force group (P = .06). Differences between the moderate and severe force groups were statistically significant (P < .0001).

Conclusions

CGRP expression in human dental pulp increases when teeth are submitted to severe orthodontic forces.