Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Management of Gastric Cancer Patients

The usefulness and limitations of the determination of carcinoembryonicantigen (CEA) levels were investigated in 226 cases of gastriccancer. Pre-operatively, elevated CEA levels were found in 23.9%.As the stage of cancer progressed, CEA elevation was found inhigher percentages. In particular, in patients with liver metastasisan incidence as high as 68.8% was obtained. Elevated CEA levelswere also observed more frequently in patients with unresectabletumors than in those with resectable ones and in those undergoingnoncurative surgery more frequently than in those undergoingcurative surgery. In most patients with preoperative elevated CEA levels, thelevels returned to normal by one month after curative resection,while the levels rarely returned to normal after noncurativeresection, showing the usefulness of CEA determination for evaluatingthe effect of surgery. CEA levels were determined serially before and after surgeryin patients with unresectable tumors, liver metastasis or peritonealdissemination. In most patients with preoperative elevated CEAlevels, the levels increased with postoperative tumor enlargement.Postoperative CEA levels increased to above the normal rangein some of the patients with normal preoperative CEA levels. Serial measurement of CEA levels was useful for observing thecourse of the disease even in patients with normal preoperativelevels.     

结肠癌根治术后复发转移危险因素分析

[目的]探讨结肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的相关临床病理因素.[方法]选择1994年1月至2004年1月行结肠癌根治术患者446例,Cox模型分析临床病理因素与复发转移的关系.[结果]全组复发转移率为19.28%.单因素分析显示,发病至手术的时间、术前CEA水平、分化程度、Dukes＇分期、淋巴结转移与术后复发转移有关;多因素分析显示淋巴结转移、分化程度、术前血清CEA水平是术后复发转移预后因素.[结论]分化程度、淋巴结转移、术前血清CEA水平是影响结肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的重要预后因素.     

结肠直肠癌组织CEA表达及其临床生物学意义

目的：探讨结肠直肠癌组织CEA的表达情况，分析组织CEA与结肠直癌临床生物学特性的关系及其对预后的影响。方法：用免疫组化LSAB法测定189例结直肠癌组织CEA的表达强度，并用SPSS6．0软件在计算机上统计，分析其与结肠直肠癌临床生物学各项指标的关系，包括肿瘤大小、病理类型、病理分化、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、术前肝转移、术后转移复发、疾病分期、生存期及术前血CEA。结果：CEA在结肠直肠正常粘膜和癌组织的表达有明显的差异（P＜0．001）；癌组织CEA是反映结肠直肠癌临床生物学特性的指标，与肿瘤病理分化、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、术前血CEA水平、术后转移复发及生存期密切相关（P＜0．05）：肿瘤分化越差，癌组织CEA表达越强；癌组织CEA表达强者较表达弱者具有更深的肠壁浸、更高的淋巴结转移率、术后肿瘤转移复发率、更晚的分期以及更短的生存期；癌组织CEA呈阳强阳性表达者其术前血CEA阳性率和水平均较高；术前血CEA阳性且癌组织CEA呈强阳性表达者术后转移复发率最高（50％），生存期最短（21个月）。结论：正常结肠下肠粘膜也可表达CEA，但强度与阳性率与癌组织有明显差异；癌组织CEA是反映结肠直肠癌临床生物学特性的重要指标，与患者预后有密切关系；组织CEA与血CEA联合测定将更好地反映预后，术前血CEA阳性且组织CEA呈强阳性者预后最差。     

Tissue Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Colorectal Cancer

In patients with colorectal cancer, the carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels of cancerous tissue were quantified by radioimmunoassayto determine the relationship among the location of the tumor,the histological type and the blood CEA. In 14 patients withcolorectal cancer, the CEA level in the cancerous tissue wassignificantly higher than in noncancerous tissue. In 15 patientswith sigmoid colonic cancer, the tissue CEA was significantlyhigher than in 22 patients with rectal cancer. Twenty-two patientswith normal blood CEA and 19 with elevated blood CEA were comparedin terms of their tissue CEA. There was no significant differencebetween them. There was no significant difference in tissueCEA between 35 patients with well-differentiated adeno-carcinomaand five with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. In patientswith liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, the frequencyof blood CEA levels above 20 ng/ml was significantly higherthan that in patients without liver metastasis. The relationbetween the tissue CEA and the blood CEA was studied in sevenpatients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, fromwhom specimens of primary tumor and liver metastasis were available.In patients who had liver metastasis and normal blood CEA, therewas only one liver metastatic lesion and it was very small.In patients with elevated blood CEA, there were many liver metastaticlesions and they were large. The CEA level in liver metastaticlesions was not always higher than in the primary lesion. Itwas considered that the levels of CEA in the blood in patientswith liver metastasis are affected by the degree of liver metastasisas well as by the CEA level of the primary lesion and the livermetastatic lesion.     

Carcinoembryonic antigen in the staging and follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer

CEA is a complex glycoprotein produced by 90% of colorectal cancers and contributes to the malignant characteristics of a tumor. It can be measured in serum quantitatively, and its level in plasma can be useful as a marker of disease. Because of its lack of sensitivity in the early stages of colorectal cancer, CEA measurement is an unsuitable modality for population screening. An elevated preoperative CEA is a poor prognostic sign and correlates with reduced overall survival after surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma. A failure of the CEA to return to normal levels after surgical resection is indicative of inadequate resection of occult systemic disease. Frequent monitoring of CEA postoperatively may allow identification of patients with metastatic disease for whom surgical resection or other localized therapy might be potentially beneficial. To identify this group, serial CEA measurement appears to be more effective than clinical evaluation or any other diagnostic modality, although its sensitivity for detecting recurrent disease is not as high for locoregional or pulmonary metastases as it is for liver metastases. Several studies have shown that a small percentage of patients followed postoperatively with CEA monitoring and who undergo CEA-directed salvage surgery for metastatic disease will be alive and disease-free 5 years after surgery. Furthermore, CEA levels after salvage surgery do appear to predict survival in patients undergoing resection of liver or pulmonary metastases. However, several authors argue that CEA surveillance is not cost-effective in terms of lives saved. In support of this argument, there is no clear difference in survival after resection of metastatic disease with curative intent between patients in whom the second-look surgery was performed on the basis of elevated CEA levels and those with other laboratory or imaging abnormalities. There is also no clear consensus on the frequency or duration of CEA monitoring, although the ASCO guidelines currently recommend every 2-3 months for at least 2 years after diagnosis. In the follow-up of patients undergoing palliative therapy, the CEA level correlates well with response, and CEA is indicative of not only response but may also identify patients with stable disease for whom there is also a demonstrated benefit in survival and symptom relief with combination chemotherapy. More recently, scintigraphic imaging after administration of radiolabeled antibodies afforded an important radionuclide technique that adds clinically significant information in assessing the extent and location of disease in patients with colorectal cancer above and beyond or complementary to conventional imaging modalities. Immunotherapy based on CEA is a rapidly advancing area of clinical research demonstrating antibody and T-cell responses.     

CEAE-cadherin表达与结直肠癌术后肝转移关系

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S-1-induced, prolonged complete regression of lung metastasis from gastric cancer refractory to 5'-DFUR: a case report with pharmacokinetic study

S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine reported to be most active for gastric cancer. However, few studies have documented a complete response (CR) of lung metastasis to S-1 treatment. We describe a 66-year-old woman in whom S-1 induced complete regression of lung metastasis from gastric cancer, that had been refractory to another oral fluoropyrimidine, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR). After preoperative chemotherapy with a combination of etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatin and with methotrexate plus 5-fluorouracil, the patient underwent a total gastrectomy with lower esophagectomy for advanced diffuse-type gastric cancer with invasion of the esophagus in May 1993. She received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR (600 mg/day) for 3 years. However, a solitary metastasis to the left lung was detected in November 1996 and she underwent partial resection of the left lung. Chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR was reinitiated after operation, but re-metastasis to the left lung with elevation of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was diagnosed in June 1999. Treatment with S-1 was started in August. S-1 was given orally in a dose of 100 mg/day for 28 consecutive days, followed by a 14-day recovery; treatment was repeated every 6 weeks. The metastatic lesion in the left lung completely regressed after two courses of S-1 and the serum CEA level returned to the normal range. The patient received a total of 10 courses of S-1. The dose of S-1 was reduced to 80 mg/day from the sixth course because of grade 2 skin rash. Pharmacokinetic studies after administration of S-1 revealed high and prolonged plasma 5-FU levels. Nearly 4 years have passed since complete regression of the lung metastasis. This may be the first report to document a prolonged complete response of lung metastasis from gastric cancer induced by single-agent chemotherapy with S-1.     

血清TPS检测对于肺癌的临床应用价值

目的 :探讨血清组织多肽特异性抗原 (TPS)在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平及其对肺癌的临床应用价值。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附法 ,测定 72例肺癌患者和 114例健康体检者的血清TPS、NSE和CEA水平。结果 :肺癌患者组的TPS、NSE和CEA的表达水平及检测阳性率均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。TPS检测阳性率显著高于NSE和CEA(P <0 0 1) ,TPS、NSE和CEA阳性率和浓度均随着临床分期的进展而升高。TPS在肺癌淋巴结转移最为敏感 ,而骨转移表达水平最高。肺癌患者经有效治疗后血清TPS、NSE和CEA水平均明显下降 ,尤其以TPS下降幅度较为显著。结论 :TPS是检出肺癌非常敏感的标志物 ,尤其是淋巴结转移患者 ,对乳腺癌早期诊断、病情判断和疗效评价等均有重要价值 ,而动态观察其水平的临床价值更为可靠。     

Solitary Adrenal Metastasis in a Patient with Sigmoid Colon Cancer; Report of a Case

A 73-year-old man had sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer in December 2001. Although he was followed regularly with chemotherapy, his serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) increased on August 2002. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a right adrenal mass and no other abnormality. The preoperative diagnosis was a solitary adrenal metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer; the lesion was removed in September 2002. On pathology, adrenal metastasis was confirmed. Although the patient’s serum CEA normalized soon thereafter, 12 months after adrenalectomy, the CEA again increased; the patient had local recurrence of the resected adrenal lesion and liver metastasis. Therefore, the patient was given systemic chemotherapy, but his condition deteriorated, and he died 38 months after adrenalectomy. Adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancer is not unusual; however, a solitary metastasis is rarely found and resected surgically. As surgical treatment of the metastatic lesion could improve patients’ prognosis to some extent if it is detected early, the possibility of adrenal metastasis should be kept in mind when colorectal cancer patients are followed.     

The relevance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen as an indicator of brain metastasis detection in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Although many biomarkers have emerged in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the predictive value of site-specific spread is not fully defined. We designed this study to determine if there is an association between serum biomarkers and brain metastasis in advanced NSCLC. We evaluated 227 eligible advanced NSCLC patients between May 2005 and March 2010. Patients who had been newly diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC but had not received treatment previously, and had available information on at least one of the following pretreatment serum biomarkers were enrolled: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 19-9, and squamous cancer cell antigen. Whole body imaging studies and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were reviewed, and the total number of metastatic regions was scored. Brain metastasis was detected in 66 (29.1%) patients. Although serum CEA, CYFRA 21-1, and CA 125 levels were significantly different between low total metastatic score group (score 1-3) and high total metastatic score group (score 4-7), only CEA level was significantly different between patients with brain metastasis and those without brain metastasis (p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating curve of serum CEA for the prediction of brain metastasis was 0.724 (p = 0.0001). The present study demonstrated that the pretreatment serum CEA level was significantly correlated with brain metastasis in advanced NSCLC. These findings suggested the possible role of CEA in the pathogenesis of brain invasion. More vigilant surveillance would be warranted in the high-risk group of patients with high serum CEA level and multiple synchronous metastasis.     

早期肺腺癌淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的 探讨早期肺腺癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,进而确定早期肺腺癌淋巴结清扫的手术适应证.方法 选取2018年于哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院行肺癌根治术且肿瘤直径≤30 mm的肺腺癌患者共301例,对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用logistic回归分析淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,绘制ROC曲线评价其预测淋巴结转移效果.结果 ...     

Relationship between Expression of CEA,E-cadherin and Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

Objective  To investigate the expression of E-cadherin and CEA in serum in colorectal carcinoma and their relationship with liver metastasis. Methods  CEA level was measured post-operatively by radioimmunoassay of 60 patients with colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin. Results  In liver metastasis group, 24 patients (24/26, 92.3%) were high level of CEA, but only 9 patients in non-liver metastasis group. The difference is significant (P = 0.004). Expression of E-cadherin significantly correlated with differentiation, but was not associated with T stage or N stage. Liver metastatic rate in negative expression was higher than that in positive expression. And the survival analysis showed that time of liver metastasis was significant different in two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion  The expression of CEA in serum can be used to predict liver mestatasis of colorectal cancer after operation. E-cadherin, associated with tumor differentiation, is also a hopeful indicator for the prediction of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.     

胃癌患者血清可溶性E-选择素检测的临床意义

目的：探讨血清可溶性E-选择素（sE-selectin ）检测在胃癌诊治中的临床意义。方法：采用ELISA 法检测200 例胃癌患者、45例胃良性疾病患者和40例健康体检者血清中的可溶性E-选择素水平,比较其中140 例胃癌患者手术前后血清可溶性E-选择素水平的变化,并对胃癌患者血清可溶性E-选择素、CEA 、CA199 和CA724 的阳性率进行比较。结果：胃癌组血清可溶性E-选择素表达水平为69.12± 18.19ng/mL,与正常对照组（15.85± 5.27ng/mL）及良性疾病组（19.47±7.88ng/mL）比较,差异性具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 血清可溶性E-选择素阳性表达与肿瘤部位及组织学分型无明显相关（P>0.05）,但与病理分期及肝转移呈正相关（P<0.05,P<0.01）。胃癌患者手术后血清可溶性E-选择素水平明显下降。胃癌患者血清可溶性E-选择素阳性率远远高于其他消化道肿瘤标物（CEA 、CA199、CA724）,P<0.01。结论：可溶性E-选择素有可能成为胃癌早期辅助诊断、预测复发转移及评估预后有价值的肿瘤标记物。     

食管癌患者血清CEA、SCC和Cyfra21-1含量检测及临床意义

目的：探讨血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌相关性抗原(SCC)和角化素蛋白片段19(Cyfra21-1)在食管癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断及随访中的作用。方法：以电发光免疫测定法(ECLIA)和微粒酶联免疫测定法(MEIA)检测206例食管癌患者术前和其中71例术后血清中CEA、Cyfra21-1和SCC的水平。检测结果采用SPSS10．0统计软件进行t检验和X^2检验。结果：肿瘤体积愈大、病期愈晚、肿瘤浸润愈深,患者术前血清CEA、SCC和Cyfra21-1总体水平愈高,早期患者水平较低。三者中,CEA和Cyfra21-1的个体差异较大,Cyfra21-1相关性最好。术后检测血清的71例中,92．9％的患者三种血清标志物降至正常。全组患者CEA和Cyfra21-1的阳性率分别为29．1％和45．1％,两者联合检测阳性率为57．3％。165例手术切除者Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的CEA阳性率分别为16．6％、26．8％和30．8％;Cyfra21-1分别为27．8％、37．5％和50．5％;两者联合检测阳性率分别为38．9％、50．0％和63．7％。结论血清CEA、SCC、Cyfra21-1联合检测可用于食管癌的辅助诊断以及对病期及预后的判断。三者中Cyfra21-1更有意义。     

结肠癌根治术后复发转移的单因素和多因素分析

背景与目的:目前国内外有关结肠癌根治术后复发转移的预后报道尚不多,且研究结果不一。本研究旨在探讨结肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的相关临床病理因素。方法:选择1999年1月至2000年12月在中山大学肿瘤医院行结肠癌根治术患者152例,Cox模型分析临床病理因素与复发转移的关系。结果:全组复发转移率为19.74%,肝转移率为9.87%。单因素分析显示,有无输血、病程、肿瘤大小、肿块活动度、分化程度、Dukes@分期、淋巴结转移与结肠癌术后复发转移有关,有无输血、术前血清CEA水平、肿块活动度、分化程度、Dukes@分期、淋巴结转移与术后肝转移有关;多因素分析显示,肿块活动度、分化程度、淋巴结转移与结肠癌术后复发转移有关,术前血清CEA水平、分化程度、淋巴结转移与术后肝转移有关。结论:肿块活动度、分化程度和淋巴结转移是影响结肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的重要预后因素,术前血清CEA升高、肿瘤分化不良、淋巴结转移的患者术后肝转移的风险增大。     

血清ADAM8水平对肺癌的诊断价值

 目的 探讨血清去整合素－金属蛋白酶8（ADAM8）水平对肺癌诊断及预后的价值。 方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法检测98例肺癌患者、38例肺良性病变患者及24例健康人血清中ADAM8的表达水平。 结果 血清ADAM8水平在肺癌组明显高于肺良性病变组和健康人组（P<0.05）;肺良性病变组与健康人组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肺癌组血清ADAM8水平与远处转移、TNM分期显著相关（P<0.05）,而与病理类型无关（P>0.05）。早期肺癌患者血清ADAM8的水平高于非肿瘤患者（P<0.05）。ADAM8对肺癌诊断敏感度为86％,特异性为75％,ROC曲线下面积为0.872。 结论 血清ADAM8的水平可能成为肺癌诊断的参考指标。血清ADAM8水平的动态变化可作为肺癌转移倾向及预后的评价指标。     

血清甲状腺激素在胃癌中的变化及其临床意义

研究60例胃癌血清甲状腺激素水平的变化.所有患者中出现低T_3占57%,低T_4占17%.早期胃癌血清T_3、T_4均无变化,进展期胃病以血清T_3降低为主,其降低程度与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结受累、远处转移相一致,晚期胃癌、病情危重者血清T_4降低.表明这种变化能较好地反映胃癌生物学特性,可作为判断病情及临床分期、监视病情、预报复发转移的参考指标.     

Postoperative Serum CEA Level is a More Significant Prognostic Factor than Post/Preoperative Serum CEA Ratio in Non-small Cell Cancer Patients

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with preoperative high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, patients with a persistently high serum CEA level after surgery have been reported to have a poor prognosis. In addition, in other cancers, the post/preoperative serum CEA ratio has been reported as a useful parameter. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 123 NSCLC patients with preoperative high CEA levels (≥5 ng/mL) who underwent curative surgery between 2004 and 2011. Prognostic significance of postoperative serum CEA level and the CEA ratio was examined. Results: The 5-year survival of patients with persistently high serum CEA level after surgery was poor. On the other hand, patients with normal postoperative serum CEA levels had significant favorable prognosis. The patients with CEA ratio>1 had poor prognosis, however the number was only 7 (5.7%). The 5-year survival rates of patients with other subgroup based on the CEA ratio (0.5≥CEA ratio and 0.5≤CEA ratio≤1) was similar. Multivariate analysis revealed prognostic significance for the postoperative serum CEA level but not the CEA ratio. Conclusions: For NSCLC patients with preoperative high serum CEA level, their postoperative serum CEA levels is a more significant prognostic factor than the post/preoperative serum CEA ratio.     

恶性肿瘤患者血清sIL－2R临床意义的评估

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定３６５例肿瘤患者（包括胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、白血病）和２３０例相关脏器的良性疾病患者以及５１名健康人的血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ浓度，发现恶性肿瘤患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于良性疾病患者和健康人对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），伴转移患者的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ升高更明显，与不伴转移者相比，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。作为免疫活性标志，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可以作为评估肿瘤发生和检测复发的辅助手段。     

The relationship between circulating interleukin-6 and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal cancer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether or not preoperative serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlate with well-established prognostic variables (serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), stage, histological grade, lymphatic and venous invasion) in colorectal cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum levels of IL-6 and CEA were determined in 62 patients who underwent resection of colorectal cancer. The patients were divided into two groups based on a selected cut-off value: high and low IL-6 and CEA groups. RESULTS: The median serum level of IL-6 in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than the median level in normal controls (p = 0.0014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high serum level of CEA is an independent predictor for a high serum level of IL-6 (odds ratio, 4.10; p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: A high serum level of IL-6 is significantly associated with a high serum level of CEA in preoperative colorectal cancer patients.