HRCT在检出恶性胸腔积液中胸膜病变的价值

目的 探讨HRCT检出恶性胸腔积液中胸膜病变的价值.方法 回顾分析恶性胸腔积液合并胸膜病变患者40例,复习恶性胸腔积液中胸膜病变的HRCT影像学表现.结果 本组40例患者CT平扫显示胸腔大量积液者12例,中等量或少量积液者28例.CT增强扫描,胸膜病变明显强化,主要表现为结节状强化.结论 HRCT主要用于肺部弥漫性病变的检出,通过本组病例发现HRCT对于检出恶性胸腔积液中的胸膜病变亦有较高价值.     

经胸腔镜行胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液38例

恶性胸腔积液较常见，治疗十分棘手，且极易反复。2006年7月--2008年11月，我们采用经胸腔镜行胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液38例，效果较好。现分析报告如下。     

良恶性胸腔积液的CT特征

目的 分析良恶性胸腔积液及胸膜增厚的cT表现，探讨两者间的不同特点。方法 分析145例经临床及病理证实的良恶性胸腔积液（良性68例，恶性77例）的CT征象。结果 145例胸腔积液中有115例伴有不同程度的胸膜增厚，根据其形态的不同可分为6种类型（恶性4型，良性2型）。结论 仅凭胸腔积液的密度不能区别其良恶性，胸膜的增厚有鉴别诊断意义，恶性胸腔积液的特点为胸膜明显增厚，一般大于10mm，且厚薄不均匀。良性胸膜增厚较轻，多小于10mm，且均匀一致。     

良、恶性胸腔积液的CT鉴别诊断

目的评价良、恶性胸腔积液的CT特征性表现.资料与方法回顾性分析38例恶性胸腔积液和56例良性胸腔积液的CT征象.结果良性积液中,双侧占41.1%,胸膜增厚占19.6%,呈弥漫均匀增厚,纵隔胸膜受累占10.7%,胸膜外脂肪层明确显示占71.4%,厚度＞3 mm占41.1%,平均厚度5.7 mm;恶性积液中,双侧占15.8%,胸膜增厚占57.9%,主要呈不规则弥漫或局限性增厚,累及纵隔胸膜占36.8%,胸膜外脂肪层显示占60.5%,＞3 mm占26.3%,平均2.9 mm.结论单侧、大量积液且张力高,胸膜不规则增厚,纵隔胸膜受累对恶性诊断有特异性;而胸膜无或轻度弥漫规则增厚,胸膜外脂肪层增厚多提示良性.     

小导管胸腔闭式引流加四联药物胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨口服抗结核药物+小导管胸腔闭式引流+四联药物胸腔内注射治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎的效果.方法:通过对口服抗结核药物+小导管胸腔闭式引流+胸腔内注射四联药物(称联合治疗组)及口服抗结核药物+常规小导管闭式引流组(对照组)的治疗效果进行对比分析,评价两者的治疗效果.结果:联合治疗组比对照组胸液消失快,胸膜粘连发生率低.结论:小导管胸腔闭式引流,加四联药物注入胸腔,减轻了胸膜局部的炎症反应,加速积液消失,防止或减轻了胸膜肥厚和粘连.效果好于常规口服药物加小导管闭式引流者.     

组合式双“Y”形覆膜支架治疗右主支气管胸膜巨大瘘1例

临床资料 患者,男,46岁.病理确诊为食管中段低分化鳞状细胞癌.行食管癌切除、胃食管弓上吻合术.术后患者呼吸困难,气胸形成,诊断右主支气管胸膜瘘.术后第4天再行右主支气管漏修补+大网膜填充术.术后12 d,患者胃管、胸腔引流管持续引流出胸腔积液及气体,诊断为:再发右主支气管胸膜瘘合并食管吻合口瘘.患者已不能耐受外科手术.拟行组合式双“Y”形气管覆膜支架植入瘘口封堵术.     

胸膜活检术在胸腔积液中的诊断价值

目的：观察胸膜活检术在胸腔积液诊断中的价值。方法：对135例胸腔积液患者行胸膜活检，同时取胸水及痰送检抗酸杆菌及癌细胞。结果：135例胸膜活检第一次活检成功率96．3％，特异性病理诊断92例，病理诊断阳性率68．1％、恶性胸腔积液胸膜活检阳性率65．3％，胸水细胞学捡查阳性率13．3％，痰找癌细胞阳性率6．7％。结核性胸腔积液胸膜活检阳性率71．7％，胸水找抗酸杆菌阳性率1．7％，痰找抗酸杆菌阳性率3．3％。结论：胸膜活检术是一项安全、简单、有效的明确胸膜疾病的手段，对不明原因的胸腔积液，可提高在恶性胸腔积液中的诊断阳性率，是结核性胸膜炎重要的确诊手段.     

胸膜活检术在胸腔积液中的诊断价值+

目的:观察胸膜活检术在胸腔积液诊断中的价值.方法:对135例胸腔积液患者行胸膜活检,同时取胸水及痰送检抗酸杆菌及癌细胞.结果:135例胸膜活检第一次活检成功率96.3％,特异性病理诊断92例,病理诊断阳性率68.1％.恶性胸腔积液胸膜活检阳性率65.3％,胸水细胞学检查阳性率13.3％,痰找癌细胞阳性率6.7％.结核性...     

胸腔穿刺置管引流联合顺铂腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的:探讨胸腔穿刺置管引流联合顺铂腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及机制。方法:50例恶性胸腔积液患者分为观察组(27例)和对照组1(18例)对照组2(5例),观察组患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂进行治疗;对照组1患者单纯胸腔置管引流治疗,对照组2未行胸腔置管引流。结果:观察组有效率(85.19%)高于对照组1(55.55%)及对照组2(20.00%),差异具有统记学意义(P<0.01)。结论:胸腔置管引流联合顺铂腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效显著。     

恶性胸腔积液治疗的研究现状

恶性胸腔积液是由肺癌等恶性肿瘤侵犯胸膜或胸膜原发性肿瘤所致,是晚期恶性肿瘤的并发症,如不及时治疗,平均生存期仅有数月。因此如何进行有效的治疗对提高患者生活质量,延长生存期有重要意义。本文对胸腔穿刺引流;胸腔内局部注药,如化疗药物、生物免疫制剂、生物反应调节剂、中药;手术治疗;热疗作了详细阐述。     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。