Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma: some unusual features

Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are rare tumours which have a good prognosis after complete surgical removal. Correct pre-operative diagnosis depends on the imaging characteristics of the tumours. We have observed some unusual features including multifocal tumours with attachment to other abdominal organs, tumour presenting as cholangitic abscess, and distant metastasis after apparently complete resection by hemihepatectomy.     

Biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma: CT and angiographic appearance

A case of malignant biliary cystadenoma with CT and angiographic findings is reported. Clinical presentation, possible origin, epidemiology, and differential diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are discussed.     

卵巢囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的CT诊断

目的探讨CT对卵巢囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的诊断价值。方法对32例经手术病理证实的卵巢良恶性肿瘤患者包括良性卵巢囊腺瘤10例,交界性卵巢囊腺瘤4例以及恶性卵巢囊腺癌18例均经腹部CT扫描,对所有患者的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果10例11个卵巢囊腺瘤中浆液性囊腺瘤7个,其中,单房5个,密度均匀;黏液性囊腺瘤4个,多房为主,密度不均,内见大小不等的子囊。交界性（4个）和恶性（28个）卵巢肿瘤32个,囊壁及分隔厚薄不均,不同程度强化,多有壁结节或肿块成分。结论卵巢囊腺瘤常表现为I型,囊腺癌以Ⅱ型常见。CT能很好显示卵巢肿瘤的形态特征,在鉴别卵巢囊腺肿瘤良恶性方面有一定价值。     

Biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma of the liver: Correlation between unusual MR appearance and pathologic findings

We reported a case of the biliary cystadenoma of the liver. The cystic mass had labulation and septation and showed marked hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images; MR findings were very unusual for cystadenoma. The content of the cystic mass was jelly-like, thick mucinous fluid without intracystic hemorrhage. We concluded that these unusual signal intensities of the cyst were due to hyperproteinous mucinous fluid.     

Biliary cystadenoma with intratumoral bleeding: radiologic-pathologic correlation

We report a case of a 35-year-old woman with a mucinous biliary cystadenoma of the liver. The patient presented with the acute onset of upper abdominal pain and jaundice, symptoms caused by bleeding into the cystadenoma. Findings of a variety of imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT angiography, MR imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are correlated and verified by pathological studies performed on the material obtained surgically.     

卵巢囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的螺旋CT多期增强扫描及MPR重建诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT多期增强扫描对卵巢囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊断价值。方法:对经手术、病理证实的34例卵巢囊腺瘤(癌)的CT表现及三维重建结果进行回顾性分析。结果:34例囊腺肿瘤,浆液性囊腺瘤6例,粘液性囊腺瘤4例,浆液性囊腺癌15例,粘液性囊腺癌9例。CT表现为囊肿型(Ⅰ型)10例,囊实型(Ⅱ型)22例,实质型(Ⅲ型)2例。囊实型(Ⅱ型)又分为以囊性为主型(Ⅱa型)7例,囊实混合型(Ⅱb型)9例,以实性为主型(Ⅱc型)6例。增强后扫描,囊肿型(Ⅰ型),囊壁无强化,囊内局限性增厚分隔静脉期中等度强化;囊实型(Ⅱ型)囊壁结节状增厚、乳头状突起、不规则分隔及实性部分动脉期明显强化;实质型(Ⅲ型)动脉期明显强化。矢状位、冠状位、轴位多层面多角度观察肿瘤与周围脏器的关系。结论:卵巢囊腺瘤以Ⅰ型常见,卵巢囊腺癌以Ⅱ型为主。螺旋CT多期增强扫描能够很好地显示病灶的特点,增强后MPR三维重建可清楚地显示肿瘤与周围脏器的关系,血管重建可清楚显示肿瘤的血管构建形态,对于鉴别卵巢囊腺肿瘤的良恶性和定位诊断具有一定价值。     

胰腺囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的CT诊断价值

目的：探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤、黏液性囊腺瘤或囊腺癌具有鉴别诊断意义的CT征象。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的17例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤、黏液性囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的CT表现,总结其特征性表现。结果：17例中浆液性囊腺瘤7例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例,黏液性囊腺癌2例。浆液性囊腺瘤呈分叶状轮廓者占85.7%（6/7）,均为多囊状结构,其中最大囊直径小于2cm者占71.4%（5/7）,出现病灶中心钙化者1例;黏液性囊腺瘤或囊腺癌位于胰体尾部者占90%（9/10）,无分叶状轮廓,单囊者占80%（8/10）,最大囊直径大于2cm者占90%（9/10）。囊内乳头状突起,囊壁厚薄不均,病灶内实性成分增多,多提示恶性。结论：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤与黏液性囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的CT表现明显不同,多可做出诊断与鉴别诊断,但对于不典型表现的诊断存在困难。     

"Ductectatic" mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas

Five cases of localized cystic dilatation of a side branch of the main pancreatic duct due to a new entity ("ductectatic" mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma) are reported. The dilated duct was widely covered by epithelium indistinguishable from that of mucinous cystadenoma (n = 4) or cystadenocarcinoma (n = 1) of the pancreas. All lesions were located in the uncinate process and were about 3 cm in size. On computed tomographic scans and sonograms, lesions were difficult to distinguish from simple cyst of the pancreas unless lobulated or irregular margins were demonstrated. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) or operative pancreatography clearly demonstrated characteristic findings: localized, prominent cystic dilatation of a side branch of the main pancreatic duct with grape-like clusters or pear-shaped pools of contrast material associated with filling defects of various sizes. When a cystic lesion is noted in the uncinate process of the pancreas, ERP is mandatory to confirm or rule out this potentially or overtly malignant disease.     

Biliary cystadenoma: Case report with MRI findings and surgical confirmation

Biliary cystadenoma is a very uncommon benign cystic neoplasm involving the liver and the biliary tract. Most common presentations include right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, obstructive jaundice, and enlarging liver size. It can mimic many more commonly occurring diseases such as hepatic cyst, hepatic abscess, hydatid disease of the liver, and hepatic tuberculosis. Hence it becomes very challenging for physicians to correctly diagnose it due to its rarity and similarity with other conditions. Furthermore, very few pieces of literature guide physicians in correctly identifying the disease. Based on his physical examination and detailed investigation, we present a case report of a 72-year-old female diagnosed with biliary cystadenoma. We hope that this case report will significantly add to the existing literature on this subject     

肝胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的CT表现及其病理学改变，评价CT对其诊断价值。方法 搜集6例经手术病理证实的肝胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的病例，其中3例作常规CT平扫及增强扫描，3例作螺旋CT平扫及肝动脉门静脉双期增强扫描。回顾性分析6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤及胆管囊腺癌的CT表现，并与病理组织检查结果对照。结果 1例胆管囊腺瘤，呈多囊性病灶，囊壁光整，厚薄一致，部分分隔有较均匀的增厚。1例胆管囊腺瘤恶变，为单囊性病灶；4例胆管囊腺癌中3例为单囊性病灶，1例为多囊性病变。CT均见囊内主要为水样密度，5例恶性者中4例可见壁结节和(或)乳头状突起，另外1例有囊壁局部增厚；3例有厚薄不均的分隔，2例有囊壁钙化，1例有囊内出血，呈液液平征。常规增强扫描囊壁和分隔有强化。螺旋CT双期增强扫描动脉期囊壁及壁上结节明显强化，门脉期强化减退。结论 CT可显示肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的一些特征性表现，却难于鉴别良性胆管细胞囊腺瘤与恶性胆管细胞囊腺癌。如见病灶有间隔增厚、壁上结节或乳头状突起、囊内出血以及伴粗大钙化者多考虑为恶性的胆管细胞囊腺癌，肝内胆管囊腺瘤与囊腺癌鉴别主要依靠病理。     

PCNA表达及AgNORs图像分析定量研究对卵巢交界性囊腺瘤的诊断及预后

 为探讨肿瘤细胞增殖活性卵巢囊腺瘤增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达和AgNoRs定量分析的相关性及对交界瘤的诊断意义,采用真空负压LSAB免疫组化法和AgNORs图像分析技术,比较研究了75例良性、交界性和恶性类型的卵巢浆液性和粘液性囊腺瘤的PCNA增殖指数(PI)、AgNORs数目(NOR·N)和面积(NOR·A),发现两类交界瘤的PI、NOR·N和NOR·A与良性、恶性组存在极显著性差异(P<0.01);PI、NOR·N和NOR·A与囊腺癌术后生存时间呈负相关,术后3 a内死亡率明显高于存活5 a以上者(P<0.05),与淋巴结转移有关,PCNA表达(PI)与Ag-NORs图像分析结果(NOR·N和NOR·A)呈明显正相关(γ=0.732,γ=0.684,P<0.01),表明PI、NOR·N和NOR·A对交界瘤的诊断及囊腺癌预后判断有意义.     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现。所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描,并采用多平面重组（MPR）和最大密度投影（MIP）等方法对图像进行后处理。结果：21例中胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤7例,其特征性的CT表现有蜂窝样囊性病灶（6例）且单个小囊最大直径≤2cm、分叶状（4例）、囊壁及囊内间隔增强后呈轻度强化（7例）、囊壁光整（7例）。黏液性囊腺瘤4例,主要CT表现为多房囊性病灶（4／4）、绝大多数小囊的最大直径〉2cm、囊壁较厚且厚薄不均（4例）、2例可见壁结节,增强扫描示囊壁、分隔及壁结节有轻度一中度强化。胰腺囊腺癌10例,CT平扫示肿瘤呈囊状低密度影,有壁结节及分隔;增强扫描示囊壁、壁结节及分隔呈中度一明显强化。结论：胰腺黏液性和浆液性囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的MSCT表现有一定特征性,MSCT对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤或囊腺癌是最常见的胰腺囊性肿瘤,几乎仅见于女性,约占胰腺肿瘤的1%~2%[1].随着影像设备的快速发展,胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的检出率有所提高,本文收集本院7例病理证实的胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤和囊腺癌患者的CT资料加以分析,希望能提高对胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的认识.     

胆管细胞囊腺瘤(癌)的临床特征及诊治方法研究

 目的 了解胆管细胞囊腺瘤(癌)的发病情况,分析该病诊治特点.方法 回顾性分析我院近10年来明确诊断的39例胆管细胞囊腺瘤(癌)患者的临床资料,对该病的发病率及诊断、治疗情况进行系统研究.结果 胆管细胞囊腺瘤(癌)在肝脏占位性病变中约占0.35%,在肝脏囊实性占位中约占1.70%,手术切除后复发率为2.6%.结论 胆管细胞囊腺瘤(癌)是一种少见的肝脏占位性病变,患者大多缺乏典型临床症状,影像学是主要的术前诊断方法,漏诊及误诊率高,对肿瘤实施完整手术切除是确切有效的治疗办法,术后复发率较低,预后较好.     

Assessment of MRI and MRCP in diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) features were analyzed in the diagnosis of seven surgically resected hepatobiliary cystic tumors with reference to histopathological data. Homogeneity, size, location, signal intensity, presence or absence of septa and/or nodules and MRCP features of the lesions were studied. Histological evidence demonstrated six biliary cystadenoma (BCA) including four pseudo-ovarian stroma (POS) and one biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC). Cystic lesions (3–15 cm in diameter) were homogeneous in the six BCA, heterogeneous in the one BCAC, and were located in the left and right liver, respectively. On T2-weighted images all lesions were hyperintense. On T1-weighted images hypointensity was found in three BCA (all serous fluid, including one POS), isointensity was found in the three others (two mucinous and one hemorrhagic fluid, including three POS) and in the one BCAC (containing mucinous fluid). Septas were present in all cases and nodules only in the one BCAC. On MRCP a hyperintense cystic lesion was found in all cases and a bile ducts dilatation in two BCA and the one BCAC. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI in combination with MRCP is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of BCA or BCAC. However, no specific information is gained for POS detection.     

Biliary cystadenoma of the left intrahepatic duct (2007: 2b)

Biliary cystadenoma is a rare epithelial cystic neoplasm representing only 5% of intrahepatic cystic lesions of biliary origin. Commonly, the lesions are solitary cystic structures with multiple thin-walled septa predominantly arising from the right hepatic duct. Although the lesions are generally intrahepatic, extrahepatic tumors have been reported. Biliary cystadenomas range in diameter from 1.5 to 35 cm. The tumor usually affects middle-aged women. Clinical symptoms are related to the mass effect and comprise episodes of jaundice due to biliary obstruction and intermittent upper abdominal pain. Laboratory parameters are nonspecific. As the tumor is considered a premalignant lesion, complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice. We report a case of typical biliary cystadenoma of the left hepatic duct.