基于PubMed的儿科护理研究热点可视化分析

目的：利用共词聚类分析法对近10年来国外关于儿科护理的文献进行可视化分析，总结目前国外在该领域的研究热点。方法：在PubMed数据库以“Pediatric, Nursing[Mesh Terms]”为检索词，限定期刊年限为2011年至2020年，将符合研究标准的期刊文献，利用Bicomb 2书目共现软件提取高频关键词并建立矩阵，再运用Ucinet 6.0软件NetDraw功能描绘关键词共现网络图，展示高频关键词之间的共篇关系，利用SPSS 19.0进行关键词多维尺度分析和聚类分析。结果：最终纳入文献2 510篇，提取高频关键词21个，研究热点分为3个类团：①新生儿护理方面的研究；②儿科护患关系及护患心理方面的研究；③儿科护理教育和护理管理方面的研究。结论：借助共词分析法，有助于了解儿科护理领域的研究热点。     

正常(牙合)儿童X线头影测量标准值研究

目的 :建立正常牙合儿童X线头影测量正常值标准 ,研究其颅颌面发育特征 ,将有利于错牙合的诊断分析。方法 :选择 10 4例正常牙合样本 ,男 42例 ,女 62例 ,年龄在 12～ 16岁之间 ,对样本做X线头影测量分析 ,得出其正常值。对其颌面部做性别上的特征性分析。结果 :得出Coben分析法 ,四边形分析法 ,Ricketts分析法的正常值。结论 :虽然男女颅颌面结构发育特征很相近 ,但仍存在一定差异 ,而在大小方面男女存在明显的差异。了解正常牙合人群的颅颌面发育特征 ,将有助于临床诊断及矫治计划的制定     

Enhancing methodological clarity: principle-based concept analysis

AIMS: The aim of this paper is to operationalize the principle-based method of concept analysis. BACKGROUND: While nursing has embraced the use of concept analysis as a valid and significant entree into an area of research, methodological development has created strategies of inquiry that vary in purpose and in the nature of their findings. DISCUSSION: We propose that, as the primary utility of concept analysis is to determine the existing state of the science so that further work may be strategically and appropriately planned, the method described as principle-based concept analysis is superior in providing evidence to support subsequent inquiry into the concept of interest. Three problematic issues are discussed in an effort to clarify and procedurally explicate the strategies employed in this approach: selecting disciplinary literatures for inclusion in the analysis; conceptually-driven sampling issues; and within- and across-discipline analytic techniques. CONCLUSION: In this form of concept analysis, each principle contributes to an understanding of the strengths and limitations of the present state of the concept in the scientific literature. We believe that this perspective will enable nursing to begin to harness the power of concept analysis for advancing science rather than simply imagining what a concept could be or constructing what we believe it should be.     

Clinical Perspective on Risk Stratification

Surveys show that subjective risk assessment or risk stratification is often widely inaccurate. Objective data from large observational studies or from clinical trials identifies a persons absolute risk of an event in a given time in order to assess the risk/benefit ratio of a given treatment. In general, the higher the risk the better the risk/benefit ratio. Relative risk reduction by a given treatment is often similar across subgroups divided by sex, age, blood pressure etc.; however if the absolute risk is low it may not e worth taking a treatment with serious side effects (e.g., cerebral haemorrhage). Risk stratification is also important in assessing the cost effectiveness of treatment (e.g,. cholesterol reduction by stotins for different groups of the population). Inappropriate surrogate end points should be avoided in cost benefit analysis (e.g., suppression of ventricular ectopic beats by antiorrhythmic drugs). A Bayesian approach should be adopted.     

200例甲状腺癌回顾性临床分析

目的 通过对经手术治疗的200例甲状腺癌患者资料分析,探讨本地区甲状腺癌发病特点及其预后相关因素.方法 对1998年1月至2009年12月本院手术治疗的200例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本地区甲状腺癌发病率逐年增加,男女之比约1:4,男性甲状腺癌高发年龄为60～69岁,女性甲状腺癌高发年龄为50～59岁;甲状腺癌病理类型依次为乳头状癌、滤泡癌、未分化癌和髓样癌,乳头状癌所占比例显著高于其它病理类型,且各种病理类型男女比例不同.术后主要并发症为声音嘶哑、低钙抽搐和手足麻木.1、3年生存率分别为99.8%和96.7%.患者术后生存率和病理组织类型相关,预后从好到坏依次为乳头状癌、滤泡癌、髓样癌和未分化癌.结论 甲状腺癌发病率呈逐年上升趋势;乳头状癌所占比例显著高于其它病理类型甲状腺癌;手术治疗是甲状腺癌最有效治疗方式;术后生存率和病理类型相关.     

江西省赣州市两株冠状病毒的全基因组遗传特征分析

目的 分析江西省赣州市2株亚洲鼩鼱携带冠状病毒的全基因组遗传特征。方法 用反转录-聚合酶链式反应及RACE方法从亚洲鼩鼱粪便中扩增其全基因组;利用MegAlign软件进行序列同源性分析;利用phyML软件构建系统发育树。结果 全基因组的同源性分析表明毒株GZ01、GZ02与已知的亚洲鼩鼱携带冠状病毒的序列具有很高的同源性（88.6%~92.1%）。系统发育分析表明毒株GZ01、GZ02与上述序列有最近的亲缘关系。结论 赣州市亚洲鼩鼱携带属冠状病毒,与已知的毒株为同一种冠状病毒,系统发育分析发现亚洲鼩鼱在冠状病毒的起源与进化过程中起着重要作用。     

120例银屑病临床病例分析

目的：分析银屑病患者的发病诱因及血生化指标。方法：对120例银屑病患者的临床资料及血生化指标进行分析。结果：（1）本组资料在发病季节方面冬季好发者23例,占19.17%,夏季好发者2例,占1.67%,无明显季节性者95例,占79.17%。（2）寻常型中有明显诱发因素者7例,其中进食海鲜者3例,占42.8%,过度劳累者2例占28.6%,上呼吸道感染者2例,占28.6%。（3）108例银屑病患者中血脂增高者占33.33%,血尿酸增高者占20%。结论：（1）本组病例银屑病患者的发病季节以冬天或无季节性为多,但以无季节性为主。（2）进食海鲜及劳累可诱发银屑病。（3）银屑病患者易伴发高尿酸血症和高脂血症。     

浙江省啮齿动物携带心病毒的遗传特征研究

目的 了解我国浙江省的啮齿动物携带心病毒情况,并分析其遗传特征。方法 用反转录-聚合酶链反应选啮齿动物粪便标本中的心病毒,扩增其全基因组;利用Lasergene软件分别对多聚蛋白、P1蛋白、2C+3CD蛋白序列与GenBank下载的序列进行同源性分析;分析其基因组与多聚蛋白的特征;利用PhyML软件构建系统发生树。结果 浙江省啮齿动物携带心病毒。毒株Ruian-Rn93-1、Longquan-Aa3-1、Ruian-Rn93-3的多聚蛋白、P1以及2C+3CD蛋白与心病毒B的同源性分别为71.9%~85.4%、65.2%~89.8%与78.3%~95.4%,属于心病毒B;毒株Wencheng-Rn416的多聚蛋白、P1以及2C+3CD蛋白与Boone心病毒的同源性分别为92.5%、85.3%与96.9%,属于心病毒C。系统发生分析也表明毒株Ruian-Rn93-1、Longquan-Aa3-1、Ruian-Rn93-3与心病毒B的亲缘关系最近,Wencheng-Rn416与Boone心病毒的亲缘关系最近。系统发育分析发现啮齿动物在心病毒的起源与进化过程中起着重要的作用,并且可能发生跨种间传播而感染人。结论 我国浙江省啮齿动物携带心病毒,并可能跨种间传播到人。     

Group analysis in functional neuroimaging: selecting subjects using similarity measures

Standard group analyses of fMRI data rely on spatial and temporal averaging of individuals. This averaging operation is only sensible when the mean is a good representation of the group. This is not the case if subjects are not homogeneous, and it is therefore a major concern in fMRI studies to assess this group homogeneity. We present a method that provides relevant distances or similarity measures between temporal series of brain functional images belonging to different subjects. The method allows a multivariate comparison between data sets of several subjects in the time or in the space domain. These analyses assess the global intersubject variability before averaging subjects and drawing conclusions across subjects, at the population level. We adapt the RV coefficient to measure meaningful spatial or temporal similarities and use multidimensional scaling to give a visual representation of each subject's position with respect to other subjects in the group. We also provide a measure for detecting subjects that may be outliers. Results show that the method is a powerful tool to detect subjects with specific temporal or spatial patterns, and that, despite the apparent loss of information, restricting the analysis to a homogeneous subgroup of subjects does not reduce the statistical sensitivity of standard group fMRI analyses.     

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in the Nursing Literature, 1992–1996

Purpose: To review the recommendations by the U.S. Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine (panel) for use in future nursing research. The review (a) provides a critique of the nursing cost-effectiveness and cost utility literature from the perspective of the recommendations set forth by the panel and other recognized authorities in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), (b) constructs an interdisciplinary framework to show the steps in the conduct of CEA, (c) makes the fechniques and major findings of nursing CEA studies available and understandable, and (d) offers guidelines for the incorporation of CEA into the evaluation of future nursing intervention and research.
Data Sources: Seven nursing studies published between 1992 and 1996 that compared two or more interventions for costs and outcomes.
Organizing Framework: For each study, the (a) perspective, fb) net costs, (c) net effect, (d) analysis of costs and effects, and (e) decision outcomes were analyzed.
Findings: If the panel's recommendations reflect the problems in the health care CEA literature in general, then on balance, the nursing CEA 1992–1996 studies are no more or less flawed than CEA studies in the health or medical care fields.
Conclusions: Methodologic guidelines and interdisciplinary strategies are needed to advance the progress of nursing cost-effectiveness research.     

基于提升小波变换的功能MRI数据分析

目的 构建一种快速的fMRI数据小波分析方法.方法 用提升小波变换代替平稳小波变换分解fMRI数据,以分离其实验响应信号和干扰信号,再由频谱分析识别实验响应信号所在的小波尺度,并只对实验响应信号所在的小波尺度进行重构,最后对重构信号进行相关分析来检测激活.结果 分析视觉实验数据显示,在显著性水平为α＜10-6时,本文基于提升小波变换的方法比未去噪的相关分析方法更灵敏,而消耗时间比基于平稳小波变换的方法大幅度减少.同时本文方法只需24个数据点即可进行小波重构,而基于平稳小波变换的方法则需要256个数据点.结论 本文为fMRI数据提出了一种既能快速分析又能有效压缩的小波分析方法.     

An Optimization Approach to Signal Extraction from Noisy Multivariate Data

We consider a problem of blind signal extraction from noisy multivariate data, in which each datum represents a system's response, observed under a particular experimental condition. Our prototype example is multipixel functional images of brain activity in response to a set of prescribed experimental stimuli. We present a novel multivariate analysis technique, which identifies the different activity patterns (signals) that are attributable to specific experimental conditions, without a priori knowledge about the signal or the noise characteristics. The extracted signals, which we term the generalized indicator functions, are optimal in the sense that they maximize a weighted difference between the signal variance and the noise variance. With an appropriate choice of the weighting parameter, the method returns a set of images whose signal-to-noise ratios satisfy some user-defined level of significance. We demonstrate the performance of our method in optical intrinsic signal imaging of cat cortical area 17. We find that the method performs effectively and robustly in all tested data, which include both real experimental data and numerically simulated data. The method of generalized indicator functions is related to canonical variate analysis, a multivariate analysis technique that directly solves for the maxima of the signal-to-noise ratio, but important theoretical and practical differences exist, which can make our method more appropriate in certain situations.     

Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of real-time acceleration gait analysis system

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to construct a real-time acceleration gait analysis system equipped with software to analyse real-time trunk acceleration during walking and to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the this system. Methods: This system has been comprised of an accelerometer, an acceleration amplifier, a transmitter, two foot switches, a receiver and a personal computer installed with the real-time acceleration analysis software. The acceleration signals received were analysed using the real-time acceleration analysis software, and gait parameters were calculated. The subjects were 20 healthy individuals and two raters. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the measurement results obtained from this system were examined by performing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The intra-rater and inter-rater ICCs ranged from 0.61 to 0.92 in any gait parameters. In the Bland–Altman analysis, neither fixed nor proportional bias was found in any of the gait parameters. Conclusions: From the ICC and Bland–Altman analysis results, the gait measurement using this system clearly demonstrates that the intra-rater and inter-rater measurements had good reproducibility. Owing to this system, we can improve the clinical efficiency of gait analysis and gait training for physiotherapy.

• Implication for Rehabilitation

• This study focused on the advantage of a gait analysis method using an accelerometer and constructed a gait analysis system that calculates real-time gait parameters from trunk acceleration measurements during walking. The gait analysis using this system has good intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities, and using this system can improve the clinical efficiency of gait analysis and gait training.

     

Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation Using Electrograms from Chronic Leads: Evaluation of Computer Algorithms

This study compares the performance of three detection algorithms for the recognition of atrial fibrillation in chronic pacing leads. Multiple serial recordings were obtained of wideband and filtered electrograms from chronic atrial and ventricular leads in dogs for a period up to 55 days following implantation. Each dog was recorded in sinus rhythm and induced atrial fibrillation. Four days were chosen for processing: The day of implantation and a day in the first, second or third, and fifth weeks. Three signal processing methods were assessed for performance in detection of atrial fibrillation: software recognition of rate with automatic threshold control, amplitude distribution, and frequency spectral analysis. A software trigger for rate determination was adjusted to thresholds of 10, 20, and 30% of maximum baseline-to-peak amplitude. At 10%, a rate boundary anywhere between 420 and 560 beats per minute (bpm) perfectly separated atrial fibrillation from sinus rhythm even though atrial electrograms were contaminated with large QRS deflections and double-sensing was present. At 20% and 30%, a rate boundary around 300 bpm could be used, but sensitivity and specificity were reduced to 90%. In amplitude distribution analysis, a percent of time within a baseline window provided perfect separation of atrial fibrillation from sinus rhythm. In all cases, the signal was within this window less than 43% of the time in atrial fibrillation, and more than 43% in sinus rhythm. In spectral analysis, frequency bands were examined for power content. In the 6 to 30 Hz band atrial fibrillation contained the greater power. Choosing 58% of total power as a discriminant, sensitivity and specificity of atrial fibrillation detection were 100% and 95% respectively.     

基于中国知网《护理学报》2009—2012年作者群计量分析

目的从作者群研究的角度了解办刊特点,总结办刊经验,提高《护理学报》学术水平及办刊质量。方法选取《护理学报》2009—2012年度刊载论文的第一作者为研究对象,运用文献计量学的方法进行研究。结果《护理学报》作者分布不同年龄阶段、学历、职称;已经具有较为成熟的作者群体和较稳定的核心作者;作者群地域分布广,遍及全国29个省、市、自治区、直辖市和1个行政特区,但分布地域不均衡;论文高发地区是经济、文化较发达地区,其发文总量占"样本"的66.91%;论文高发机构多是具有较高医疗水平的医院,以及学术水平与科研能力较强的医科大学或综合性大学。结论《护理学报》具备广泛的作者群体,且有优质的稿源地和高产机构,该刊今后要强化刊物的宣传力度并注重对偏远地区和基层医院稿件的扶持,提高对合著论文的关注程度,发现和培养核心作者,把该刊打造成国内外更具影响力的护理专业学术性刊物。     

近五年神经病理性疼痛相关研究的可视化分析

目的:探索过去5年来神经病理性疼痛研究中的学科热点和合作网络，对这些研究进行定性和定量的分析，以明确未来的研究方向，促进进一步的研究。方法:有关神经病理性疼痛的研究文献来源于Web of Science数据库。通过CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件分别从年发文量、被引频次、国家、机构、基金、作者、关键词、参考文献等方面进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入3187篇文献，分析结果显示：该领域年均发文量在600篇以上，年发文量总体呈上升趋势，发文量最多的作者为元祥涛，作者Finnerup NB和Chaplan SR为主要影响人物，美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学为领先机构，基于中枢敏化、氧化应激、神经炎症、小胶质细胞激活探讨的发病机制，以及重复经颅磁刺激、经皮神经电刺激、和非阿片类药物开发的治疗措施，是该领域的研究热点。预测以免疫机制为基础，探讨免疫系统和神经病理性疼痛之间的相互作用，评估免疫调节剂在疼痛中的疗效，探究有效的神经病理性疼痛的防治措施，可能成为前沿趋势。结论:本研究通过可视化分析总结了神经病理性疼痛领域的研究趋势和发展，并预测潜在的研究前沿和热点方向。     

2013年—2017年国内护理教育热点的共词聚类分析

[目的]分析国内护理教育的热点并探讨相关研究趋势,以期为我国护理教育者提供参考和借鉴。[方法]检索中国知网、万方、维普2013年—2017年发表在护理科技核心期刊上的护理教育文献,使用BICOMB和gCLUTO软件进行词频和图形聚类分析。[结果]共纳入895篇文献,截取高频主题词46个,双向聚类结果显示2013年—2017年护理教育包含灾难护理教育和管理、教学方法改革及评价、护理专业硕士临床实践能力研究、实践教学模式研究、姑息护理和社区护理教学研究7个研究热点、护生认知与行为相关性研究、老年护理教学方法和护生学习能力研究。[结论]本研究总结出的2013年—2017年我国护理教育领域研究热点具有一定代表性,可为今后该领域研究发展提供参考。     

基于共词分析及可视化网络图的国内护理绩效研究现状及热点分析

【】目的 了解我国护理绩效研究的现状和热点,为相关人员确定研究方向提供参考依据。方法 以CNKI数据库为数据源,检索2008—2017年护理绩效相关研究的文献,利用书目共现分析系统(bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder, Bicomb)软件生成词篇矩阵和共现矩阵,并进一步通过SPSS 23.0软件进行聚类分析,Ucinet软件进行可视化分析。结果 共检索到相关文献1197篇,提取高频关键词27个。国内护理绩效的研究热点主要集中在4个方面：绩效管理的内容和临床意义;绩效管理的模式和工具;基于岗位和工作量的绩效管理;绩效评价指标体系的构建。结论 国内护理绩效研究处于初步发展阶段,尚未形成一套系统、全面、高效的绩效管理体系。