先天免疫与COPD

2001年发表的“慢性阻塞性肺疾病全（COPD）球防治创议（GOLD）”和2002年我国发表的“慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南”为COPD制定了新的定义，认为COPD是一种以气流受限为特征的疾病，气流受限通常呈进行性发展，不完全可逆，多与肺部对有害颗粒或有害气体的异常炎症反应有关。该定义突出了不完全可逆的气流受限和气道的炎症特征，当各种有害颗粒或气体进入气道后，首先引发气道上皮的防御反应，导致多种炎症细胞的集聚活化，并通过自分泌和旁分泌方式释放各种炎性介质，作用于各种气道结构细胞，包括上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞。     

肺炎链球菌肺炎与先天免疫的研究进展

肺炎链球菌(streptococcus;pneumonia)感染后可定植引起局部疾病,亦可扩散引起侵袭性疾病.肺炎链球菌是社区获得性肺炎(community;acquired;pneumonia,CAP)中最常见的病原体,同时也是引起肺炎、脑膜炎和脓毒症等威及生命的感染相关性疾病的主要原因.在全世界范围内,肺炎链球菌感染使病死率上升.近年来,国外关于先天免疫对肺炎链球菌的识别及应答有了很多新的研究.本篇综述总结了先天免疫对肺炎链球菌肺炎免疫应答研究的最新进展.     

先天免疫模式识别受体与病毒感染的研究进展

近年研究发现,先天免疫通过模式识别受体(pathogen recognition receptors,PRR)对外来病原体中病原体相关模式分子(pathogen-associated molecular pattern,PAMP)或机体自身产生的蛋白质、或病理代谢产物的损伤相关模式分子(damage-associated molecular pattern,DAMP)进行识别(感应性)"取样",激活胞内信号转导和基因表达程序,导致一系列细胞因子和趋化因子等化学介质的产生,引起相应的针对特定外源病原体或自身产物的免疫反应.先天免疫决定特异性免疫的激活类型、程度与规模[1].     

某些人类遗传病与疟疾的先天免疫

疟疾是种群进化过程中自然对人类选择的主要因素之一 [1 ] 。在高度多样性的人类基因组中 ,有的基因由于其表达后赋予人类抵抗疟疾的能力 ,使得在疟疾流行区的人群得以存活下来 ,而这些基因本身在这类暴露于疟疾的特定人群中也得以浓集。这些基因一方面保护人类免患疟疾 ,另一方面由于其同时导致人类的某些遗传病 ,影响了人类的健康 ,减弱了人类对自然环境的适应性 ,进而导致了某一群体中的这些基因特殊的平衡多态性。1　血红蛋白病血红蛋白病是已知的最常见单基因异常。常见血红蛋白病 ( α-和 β-地中海贫血 ,Hb S,Hb C和 Hb E)的存在…     

蚊虫先天免疫分子机制的研究进展

蚊虫作为蚊媒疾病的重要传播媒介,其抵御病原体的感染主要依赖其自身的先天免疫系统。与其他昆虫类似,蚊虫的先天免疫反应包括细胞免疫和体液免疫,二者相互联系、相互协作,通过模式识别受体识别、免疫信号传导、抗菌肽产生、黑化反应和细胞吞噬等免疫反应抵御病原体的侵染。本文就蚊虫先天免疫分子机制做一综述。     

COPD病患者免疫功能的变化

免疫功能在许多疾病状态下的变化日益受到重视,近年来也发现患者往往伴有免疫功能的异常研究显示,COPD的发生发展与机体的细胞免疫功能紊乱有关[1],为了探讨免疫功能的变化在COPD发病中的作用,对我院2010年10月至2011年12月收治的118例AECOPD患者和120健康体检者的T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白分别进行测定,现将结果报告如下:     

COPD患者红细胞免疫功能变化及与肺功能的关系

临床上观察到在人群中有些人可能对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）具有易感性。本文从红细胞免疫功能角度探讨ＣＯＰＤ患者可能存在的易感因素,并观察红细胞免疫功能的变化及与患者肺功能的关系。１资料与方法１．１研究对象ＣＯＰＤ组８１例,均为男性,年龄６０～８３岁...     

COPD患者营养状况及免疫功能的研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ( COPD)患者营养不良及免疫功能降低报道较多 ,我们对 10 6例不同类型的 COPD住院患者的营养状况和免疫功能进行分析 ,旨在了解营养不良及免疫功能降低的特点以及与预后的关系 ,用以指导治疗。1　对象与方法1.1　研究对象 :10 6例均为 1998年 11月至 1999年 8月因COPD住院患者 ,COPD诊断均符合 1997年中华医学会制定的COPD诊治规范[1 ] ,并排除活动性结核、肿瘤、甲状腺机能亢进、糖尿病及肝、肾功能不全等患者。根据患者不同情况 ,将病人分为支气管炎型 ,也称紫绀臃肿型 ( BB型 ) ;肺气肿型 ,亦称无绀喘息型 ( …     

Innate immunity and tuberculosis

The immune system is divided into innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms before the development of adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses are initiated by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize specific structures of microorganisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the family of pattern-recognition receptors to sense a wide range of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis components by TLRs triggers activation of signal transduction pathways, which then induces dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production, resulting in development of adaptive immunity. TLRs are critically involved in the induction of host defense to M. tuberculosis.     

Innate immunity and atherogenesis

Atherosclerosis is recognized as the pathological basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and recent advances in basic science have shown that it should be considered as a chronic inflammatory process. Both elements of the innate and the adaptive immunity appear to be actively involved in atherogenesis. In fact, the potential role played by pattern-recognition receptors (Toll-like receptors and scavenger receptors), cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha), chemokines and pentraxines (such as CRP and PTX3) represents an emerging field of investigation in atherogenesis. In the near future we expect a better definition of the real biological and clinical impact on CVD of these mediators. On one side, they could become useful to complement traditional risk factors, in order to identify new categories of subjects prone to CVD development. On the other, they could become an additional potential target for therapeutic strategies.     

Innate immunity and angiogenesis

Activation of an innate immune response is among the first lines of defense after tissue injury. Restoring blood flow to the site of injured tissue is often a necessary prerequisite for mounting an initial immune response to pathogens and for subsequent initiation of a successful repair of wounded tissue. The multiple links among pathogen recognition and suppression, increased angiogenesis, and tissue repair are the topics of this review, which examines of the roles of antimicrobial peptides, mammalian toll-like receptors (TLRs), inflammatory cytokines, and putative "danger" signals, among other signaling pathways, in triggering, sustaining, and then terminating an angiogenic response.     

Innate immunity and aging

Advanced age is associated with defects in all of the cells of the innate immune system, including numbers, function, and early stages of activation. This review, presents the current state of the field on the impact of age on the innate immune system. The analysis of the literature suggests that a dysfunctional innate immune system is a contributing factor to aberrant outcomes after injury or infection and to the development of many of the diseases observed in the elderly. Gaining an understanding of the nature of the defects in innate immune cells may allow the development of therapeutic strategies aimed to restore innate immune function in aged individuals.     

天然免疫与原发性胆汁性肝硬化

原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC)的病因和发病机制与遗传和感染等多种因素有关.基于对免疫优势的线粒体自身抗原的克隆和测序,以克隆重组的抗原作为工具,PBC的免疫机制和原始靶组织的特性研究成为热点[1].