55例急性冠状动脉综合征患者血脂测定结果分析

目的　研究急性冠状动脉综合征患者 ( ACS)的血脂。方法　 2 6例急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)和 2 9例不稳定性心绞痛 ( U AP)患者在入院即刻、2周和 6周时分别测定血脂水平。结果　 AMI患者 2周和 6周时的总胆固醇 ( TC)为 ( 4.86± 0 .96) mmol/L和 ( 5 .17± 0 .75 ) mmol/L,明显高于入院即刻的 TC水平 ( 4.34± 1.0 4) mmol/L( P<0 .0 5和 P=0 .0 0 1) ;2周和 6周时三酰甘油 ( TG)分别为 ( 2 .12± 0 .48) mmol/L和 ( 2 .2 7± 0 .43) mmol/L ,明显高于入院即刻的 TG水平 ( 1.62± 0 .39) mmol/L (均为 P<0 .0 0 1)。 UAP患者入院即刻和 2周时的 TG水平分别为 ( 1.5 3± 0 .48) mmol/L和 ( 1.81± 0 .43) mmol/L ,并有统计学意义 ,P=0 .0 2 ,TC、HDL -C和 LDL-C无显著性变化。结论　 ACS患者在入院 2 4小时测定的 TC和 TG水平明显低于真实的基础值 ,应在 8周后重复测定血脂水平     

瑞格列奈和拜糖平对2型糖尿病降糖作用的比较

目的　比较瑞格列奈和拜糖平治疗 2型糖尿病时的降糖作用。方法　将 5 6例 2型糖尿病患者分为瑞格列奈组 3 2例和拜糖平组 2 4例 ,观察治疗 8周。定期检测患者的空腹及餐后血糖、HbA1c、C肽和体重。结果　瑞格列奈组的空腹血糖从 (11.0 1± 1.63 )mmol/L降至 (6.73±1.47)mmol/L(P <0 .0 1) ,平均下降了 3 .47mmol/L ;拜糖平组空腹血糖从 (10 .43± 0 .5 3 )mmol/L降到 (7.0 5± 1.2 1)mmol/L (P <0 .0 1) ,平均下降了 2 .84mmol/L。瑞格列奈组的餐后血糖从(13 .98± 2 .5 6)mmol/L降至 (8.67± 2 .5 9)mmol/L(P <0 .0 1) ,拜糖平组的餐后血糖从 (14 .17±3 .71)mmol/L降至 (8.80± 2 .14 )mmol/L(P <0 .0 1)。瑞格列奈和拜糖平都能明显降低HbA1c(P <0 .0 1) ,分别降低 1.16%和 0 .91%。两药对C肽和体重均无明显影响。结论　瑞格列奈和拜糖平均有明显的降低空腹和餐后血糖以及HbA1c的作用。瑞格列奈降空腹血糖的作用优于拜糖平 ,两种药物对餐后血糖和HbA1c的降低程度相似。     

“降糖煎”对糖尿病血糖疗效的临床观察

目的 :探讨中药益气养阴之剂“降糖煎”对糖尿病空腹血糖水平的影响。方法 :比较 30例降糖煎治疗组和 2 0例中成药降糖舒对照组糖尿病患者的血糖变化。结果 :治疗组有效率为 86 .7% ,对照组有效率为 5 5 % ,两组比较有显著差异 ,P <0 .0 5 ,;治疗组血糖由 9.6 2± 0 .47mmol/L降为 7.32± 0 .36mmol/L(P <0 .0 1) ,对照组由 8.5 9± 0 .45mmol/L降为 7.2 2± 0 .2 3mmol/L (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :益气养阴降糖剂可以改善糖尿病糖代谢紊乱     

西洛他唑对OLETF大鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的　探讨西洛他唑对自发 2型糖尿病的动物模型OLETF大鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响。　方法　将雄性OLETF大鼠在 32周龄时根据体重及胰岛素耐量试验中 5 0min血糖下降百分率随机分成三组 :正常喂养组 ,罗格列酮治疗组及西洛他唑治疗组 ,每组 7只鼠。测给药 2 9d后的血脂水平 ;给药 38d后测空腹血糖 ,以正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹技术对以上各组进行胰岛素敏感性评价。　结果　西洛他唑组血甘油三酯水平 ( 1.95± 0 .19mmol/L)较对照组 ( 3.11± 0 .32mmol L)降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;胆固醇 ( 1.32± 0 .17mmol/L)较对照组 ( 2 .2 6± 0 .17mmol/L)降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;游离脂肪酸 ( 0 .46± 0 .11mmol/L)较对照组 ( 1.5 3± 0 .35mmol/L)降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;葡萄糖输注速率 ( 11.0 4±1.12mg·kg- 1 ·min- 1 )较对照组 ( 7.33± 1.12mg·kg- 1 ·min- 1 )增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;空腹血糖 ( 6 .1± 0 .7mmol/L)较对照组 ( 7.87± 1.2 3mmol/L)有所下降 ,但差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　西洛他唑能改善OLETF大鼠的胰岛素敏感性。     

老年人冠心病确诊前血脂变化研究

目的　研究老年人冠心病确诊前血脂变化特点。方法　确诊冠心病当年及前 4年的总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL )和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL)水平并进行比较。结果　冠心病组与无冠心病组血脂比较 :TC5.1 5± 0 .91 mmol/ L与 5.0 2± 0 .98mmol/L,TG1 .55± 0 .86mmol/ L与 1 .53± 0 .96mmol/ L,HDL 1 .33± 0 .34mmol/ L与 1 .46± 0 .45mmol/ L,LDL3.1 2± 0 .94mmol/ L与 2 .73± 0 .79mmol/L ,LDL/ HDL2 .53± 1 .0 9与 1 .91± 0 .66。研究组确诊当年、前 1年、前 2年、前 3年和前 4年的血脂变化 :HDL1 .33± 0 .34、1 .30± 0 .37、1 .34± 0 .31、1 .32± 0 .35和 1 .43± 0 .44;LDL3.1 2± 0 .94、3.2 3± 0 .98、3.0 4± 0 .86、2 .33± 0 .99和 2 .89± 0 .96。结论　冠心病危险因子在确诊冠心病前的第1年最高 ,提示在进入老年期血脂仍旧在改变 ,冠心病危险因子不断升高 ,保护因子不断降低 ;老年人仍有必要采取干预血脂措施。     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的　探讨阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)低氧与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系及持续正压通气 (CPAP)治疗OSAS对胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法　分析 6 1例OSAS患者CPAP治疗前后及 16例未治疗OSAS患者多导睡眠监测各项指标与空腹血糖、胰岛素和餐后 2h血糖、胰岛素的关系 ,另选择 5 6例不符合SAS诊断者为对照组。结果　OSAS组治疗前呼吸紊乱指数 ( 36 .4±18.2 )次 /h ,最低氧饱和度 ( 74.5± 6 .2 ) % ,餐后血糖 ( 10 .6± 2 .4)mmol/L ,餐后胰岛素 ( 6 9.7±2 7.7)uIU/ml,胰岛素敏感性 ( 0 .8± 0 .2 )。CPAP治疗第 10天复查上述各项指标结果分别为 ( 3.3± 3.4)次 /h、( 86 .5± 1.3) %、( 7.2± 0 .6 )mmol/L、( 39.7± 10 .2 ) μIU/ml、1.2± 0 .2。P值分别 <0 .0 1、<0 .0 1、<0 .0 5、<0 .0 1、<0 .0 1。结论　OSAS组治疗前血浆胰岛素和血糖比对照组高 ,治疗后OSAS组比未治疗组低。表明OSAS低氧可产生胰岛素抵抗。     

老年糖尿病患者冠状动脉血流储备的变化

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测冠状动脉血流储备 (CFR) ,观察老年糖尿病患者 CFR的变化。方法　 2 5例老年糖尿病患者为患者组 ,2 5例健康志愿者为对照组 ,比较两组的空腹血糖 (FBG)、餐后 2 h血糖 (P2 h BG)、糖化血红蛋白 (Hb A1 C)、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL- C)及甘油三酯 (TG)、内皮素 - 1 (ET- 1 )、静息状态时患者冠状动脉的基础血流速度 (b FV)、潘生丁注射后的最大血流速度 (m FV)及 CFR。结果　糖尿病组的 FBG、P2 h BG、Hb A1 C、TG及 ET- 1水平显著高于对照组〔分别为 :9.1 2± 3.2 6 mmol/ L与 5.34± 0 .76 mmol/ L ;1 5.78± 4.98mmol/L 与 6.89± 2 .38mmol/ L;(6.3h8.5) %与 (5.2± 7.9) % ;2 .96± 0 .56与 1 .69± 0 .82 mmol/ L及 1 53.91± 1 3.50 pg/ ml与 76.2 3± 1 0 .78pg/ ml,P均<0 .0 1〕,两组的 TC及 LDL- C水平无显著差异 ,静息时的基础冠脉血流速度 (b FV)较对照组轻度上升 (P>0 .0 5) ,而潘生丁注射后 m FV及 CFR(CFR=m FV/ b FV)较对照组明显下降 (分别为 58.1± 7.9cm/ s与 73.5± 9.8cm/ s及 2 .31± 0 .49与 3.58± 0 .46,P均 <0 .0 1 )。结论　老年糖尿病患者冠状动脉血流储备明显下降。     

低剂量吲哒帕胺缓释片治疗原发性高血压的30小时动态血压评价

目的　评价吲哒帕胺 1 5mg新型缓释片 (SRI .D)的长效降压疗效及安全性。方法　 2 4例轻中度原发性高血压患者 ,服SRI .D 1 5mg前和 8周后分别进行连续 3 0小时的动态血压监测 ,并测定血钾及血尿酸 ,观察药物的安全性。结果　服药后诊所血压总有效率 54 2 %。SBP/DBP由治疗前的 (14 2 4± 11 9/ 97 2± 5 0 )mmHg降至治疗后的(13 2 5± 8 4/ 88 0± 6 0 )mmHg ,心率无明显改变。前 2 4小时ABPM血压由 (13 0 3± 9 1/ 86 3± 6 3 )mmHg降至 (12 3 4±10 3 / 81 4± 7 3 )mmHg ,延长段 6小时ABPM血压由 (13 6 9± 9 7/ 90 7± 6 0 )mmHg降至 (12 8 0± 8 6/ 85 7± 7 9)mmHg ,两者均有显著意义。SBP和DBP的T/P比值分别为 0 75和 0 73。治疗后血钾由 (4 6± 0 56)mmol/L下降至 (4 1±0 3 6)mmol/L(P <0 0 1) ,最低值为 3 5mmol/L(2例 )。血尿酸值由服药前的 (3 3 3 8± 73 0 )mol/L变为 (3 67 9± 88 3 )μmol/L ,异常的例数由 3例上升至 7例 ,但尚无统计学差异。 结论　吲哒帕胺 1 5mg缓释片每日 1次给药降压平稳而达 3 0小时以上 ,不良反应少     

糖尿病患者多脏器功能的损害

目的 :探讨糖尿病患者多脏器功能的受损状况。方法 :回归性分析 6 4例 型糖尿病 (DM)患者的临床资料。结果 :6 4例患者中 ,空腹血糖 <1.5 mm ol/L 4例 (6 .3% ) ,>35 mmol/L 2例 ,余 5 8例为 11.4± 4.5 mm ol/L ;糖化血红蛋白 (10 .3± 1.5 ) % ;C肽基础水平 <0 .3mmol/L 4例 (6 .3% ) ,其余均 >0 .3mmol/L;甲状腺功能 :T3<0 .5 μg/L 9例 ,0 .5～ 2 .3μg/L 5 0例 ,>2 .3μg/L 5例 ;T4<40 μg/L 10例 ,40～ 140 μg/L 48例 ,>140 μg/L 6例 ;TSH<1μU/ml 10例 ,1～ 10μU/ml 46例 ,>10μU/ml 8例 ;血脂代谢 :TC<2 .9mmol/L 5例 ,2 .9～ 6 .0 mmol/L 49例 ,>6 .0 mmol/L 10例 ;TG<0 .2 2 mmol/L 8例 ,0 .2 2～ 1.4mm ol/L 18例 ,>1.4mm ol/L 38例。 2例低血糖昏迷患者死亡 ,其余达到临床治愈效果。结论 :DM患者长期血糖异常导致体内多器官功能变化 ,是衰竭和死亡原因之一     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输对脑梗死患者Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响

目的　探讨紫外线照射充氧自血回输(UBIO)治疗对脑梗死患者Th1/ Th2细胞因子的影响。方法　采用EL ISA法检测脑梗死患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)培养上清液及血清中IFN-γ、IL - 4水平。结果　在PBMC培养上清液中,UBIO组治疗后IFN- γ水平为(177.2±11.9) ng/ L,与UBIO组治疗前的(191.1±19.9) ng/L、对照组(190 .8±2 5 .3) ng/ L和正常组的(198.5±16 .7) ng/ L相比较有显著性差异(P<0 .0 5 )。IL - 4水平UBIo组治疗前为(5 7.1±19.6 ) ng/ L、治疗后(5 4 .9±18.8) ng/ L 及对照组(5 9.4±2 1.4 ) ng/ L 均低于正常组(82 .8±30 .7) ng/ L (P<0 .0 5 )。血清中IL - 4水平UBIO组治疗后为(4.86±2 .31) ng/ L ,高于正常组(3.32±2 .0 9) ng/ L (P<0 .0 5 )。其余各组间无显著性差异(P>0 .0 5 )。结论　脑梗死患者Th1 / Th2 平衡倾向于Th1 ,UBIo治疗可下调Th1 细胞活性,使Th1 / Th2 趋于平衡。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.