精神分裂症与自身抗体

目的：探讨精神分裂症与自身抗体的关系。方法：测定１００例精神分裂症及６１例正常人血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（ＴＧＡ）、抗甲状腺微粒体抗体（ＴＭＡ）、抗心磷脂抗体（ＡＣＡ），抗脑抗体（ＡＢＡｂ）和抗胰岛素抗体。结果：精神分裂症患者血清各自身抗体阳性率均偏高，总阳性率为６６％，有多种自身抗体者占４６％，均明显高于正常人。结论：研究表明，精神分裂症与自身抗体之间存在内在联系，患者有自身免疫倾向。自身抗体在精神分裂症的发病机制中可能起重要作用     

精神分裂症患者7种自身抗体测定与分析

目的 观察精神分裂症患者种类自身抗体水平,从而探讨本病的发病与自身免疫的关系。方法 抗核抗体（ANA）、抗双链DNA抗体（A－dsDNA)测定用间接荧光抗体法;抗心磷脂抗体（ACA）、抗辛环孢素抗体（CyPAb)、抗钙调素抗体（CaM-Ab)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TG－Ab)、抗脑抗体（ABAb)测定用间接ELISA法。结果 52例精神分裂症患者的血清中,有多种自身抗体的阳性率偏高,总阳性率为38．5％,明显高于正常对照组。阳性结果与病程的长短及阴阳性症状之间无明显相关关系。结论 尚不能从本组研究结果得出精神分裂症的发病与自身免疫因素有关;自身抗体的产生可能是本病的后果,在病的病情的发展中可能起重要作用。     

自身抗体与癫痫

有大量的研究证实免疫涉及癫痫,最近有越来越多的研究表明,自身抗体可能参与了某类癫痫(特别是某些难治性癫痫)的发病机制,在系统性红斑狼疮、抗磷脂综合征、Landau-Kleffener综合症、Rasmussen脑炎和Stiff-man综合征等的研究中,发现其相关的自身抗体与其伴有的癫痫密切相关。     

精神病患者自身抗体的研究

目的　探讨精神病与自身抗体的关系。方法　采用ELISA法测定了180例精神病人(患者组)和72名正常人(对照组)的血清抗核抗体(ANA)、抗线粒体抗体(AMA)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA)、抗甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMA)和抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)。结果　患者组血清中5种自身抗体阳性率除TGA在男性和小计内的阳性率无显著性差异外,其它均显著高于对照组(P<0. 05~0 .01);患者组多种抗体阳性率占53 .33%,明显高于对照组(P<0 .01);精神分裂症组与情感性障碍组的AMA、TGA阳性率有非常显著差异(P<0. 01);精神分裂症组偏执型中AMA、TMA的阳性率高于未定型(P<0 .05);抑郁发作中的TMA、ACA高于躁狂发作(P<0 .01);治疗前与治疗后之间的5种自身抗体无差异(P>0. 05);病程越长,ANA的阳性率越高。结论　重性精神病患者存在自身免疫倾向;自身抗体在重性精神病的发病机制中可能起到重要作用。     

多发性肌炎与自身抗体

检测了８５例多发性肌炎（ＰＭ）患者血中常见自身抗体结果显示，ＲＦ、ＡＮＡ、抗（ｕ１）ＲＮＰ、抗Ｓｍ、抗ＳＳＡ、抗ＳＳＢ及抗Ｓｃｌ－７０的阳性率分别为４０．７％、２９．４％、７．７％、３．４％、５．１％、１．７％及５％，而抗ｄｓＤＮＡ、抗Ｊｏ－１、抗核糖体抗体的阳性率均为０。患者血中自身抗体阳性与否与Ｉｇ、Ｃ３、ＥＳＲ及肌酶活性水平关系不大。讨论了各自身抗体检测对ＰＭ的诊断价值。     

重症肌无力的自身抗体及机制

重症肌无力(MG)患者血清中,除了乙酰胆碱受体抗体以外,还有针对横纹肌、肌肉特异性激酶、突触前膜、胆碱酯酶、细胞因子等的多种自身抗体存在。对它们的免疫机制以及临床意义的研究有了一系列进展。     

精神分裂症抗心磷脂抗体测定分析

我们对精神分裂症患者进行抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)测定，与正常对照组比较分析，报告如下。     

中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病自身抗体检测临床意义

免疫反应产生的自身抗体在中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病中发挥重要作用,本文拟就多发性硬化、视神经脊髓炎和自身免疫性脑炎相关抗体及其临床意义进行综述。     

精神分裂症感染及自身免疫因素研究进展（下）

精神分裂症感染及自身免疫因素研究进展（下）刘铁榜章华臧德馨如果某种病原侵入大脑并引起精神分裂症，那么，接种精神分裂症患者脑组织或ＣＳＦ的动物便有可能出现似人类精神分裂症样的障碍。基于这种假设的研究已应用于精神分裂症病因的探寻。有研究发现，精神分裂症患...     

精神分裂症患者血清催乳素对电抽搐治疗的反应

对20例女性精神分裂症患者进行ECT-1前30分钟与后5、15、30和60分钟的血清催乳素(PRL)水平测定,其中10例做了ECT-6的复查。结果,ECT-1后PRL水平迅速显著升高,15分钟达最高峰。提示ECT具有急性抗多巴胺和神经阻滞剂样作用。ECT-6前的PRL基础水平较ECT-1前显著升高,ECT-6后PRL的释放较ECT-1显著下降,表明在多次ECT后异常的多巴胺代谢得到了纠正。     

吸烟行为和精神分裂症

吸烟行为与肿瘤、心血管疾病等慢性疾病的关系已获得了多数学者的认同,而精神分裂症患者的吸烟行为比普通人群更为常见,但吸烟对其影响却一直备受争议。鉴于此,本文将分别从阴性症状、阳性症状、认知症状、药物不良反应、血药浓度等多个方面阐述吸烟行为对精神分裂症患者的影响。     

Neuronal targets of serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 25 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were tested by immunofluorescence on fetal, juvenile and adult central and peripheral neuronal (CNS/PNS) tissues and on nerve biopsy material from affected patients for the presence of autoantibodies. Results were compared with control sera from normal blood donors (n = 45) and patients with other neurological diseases (OND) (n = 11). Three different types of tissue reactivity (glial, axonal, and small blood vessels) were found. Antibodies binding to glial and axonal structures were found in 32% of ALS patients as compared to 12% in normal and 27% in OND controls. In contrast, staining of endothelial cells was found with 24% of ALS sera and CSF but not with normal and OND control sera and was demonstrated only with fetal and juvenile nervous tissue and with suralis nerve biopsies of two of five ALS patients. However, normal or inflamed adult CNS/PNS tissue was not stained with these sera. We conclude that ALS is most likely a heterogeneous group of diseases and only a subgroup of ALS may have an autoimmune pathogenesis. These findings may, therefore, have implications for the evaluation of any immunosuppressive treatment in ALS. Received: 22 November 1994 / Revised: 18 January 1995, 21 April 1995 / Revised, accepted: 18 August 1995     

难治性精神分裂症的研究进展

精神分裂症是以思维、情感、行为等方面的障碍以及精神活动的不协调为主要表现的一组精神病.WHO1992年公布的资料显示其年发病率为7‰～14‰,病情迁延反复发作.有资料显示仍有30%～60%的患者在充分的药物治疗后仍然缺乏反应或仅有部分反应,迁延为难治性精神分裂症,导致临床治愈率低,预后差,给患者本人及其家庭带来极大痛苦和负担.本文介绍了难治性精神分裂症的概念、流行病学及临床特征、难治性精神分裂症的诊断,重点介绍了难治性精神分裂症的治疗,包括药物治疗和非药物治疗措施及进展,关注到难治性精神分裂症患者的社会心理康复的综合治疗问题.但难治性精神分裂症的神经生物学机制仍不明了,难治性精神分裂症对临床医生将仍然是一个挑战.     

Schizophrenia in Denmark. Incidence and utilization of psychiatric institutions

All first admitted in 1972 to Danish psychiatric institutions diagnosed schizophrenics at least once until September 1983 (310 males and 277 females) are followed up. The incidence of schizophrenics diagnosed at their first admission is 7.8 males and 3.4 females/100,000 inhabitants and when those diagnosed as schizophrenics only at a later admission are included the incidence is correspondingly 15.0 and 8.7. The number of in-patient days is highest in the first year and stabilizes at a lower level in the last 7 to 8 years of the follow-up. The patients spent proportionately more days in mental hospitals than in psychiatric departments in general hospitals. Hebephrenic schizophrenics predominate in mental hospitals. Schizophrenics diagnosed during their first admission spent 19.5% of the 10-year follow-up period in institutions, while schizophrenics diagnosed during a later admission spent 17.4% (NS). Males spent 19.7% of the 10-year follow-up period in institutions, females 16.0% (P less than 0.05).     

Neurophyisological and Neurocognitive Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia Genetics Research

There is growing interest in the genetic analysis of schizophrenia using endophenotypes rather than clinical diagnosis or symptom dimensions. Endophenotypes could be alternative phenotypes for the clinical phenotypes. With their intermedicate and quantitative characteristics, endophenotypes could be functionally important links in the pathways between the genetic variation and clinical expression of the disorder. In this regard, the neurophysiological and neurocognitive endophenotypes used in the genetic analysis of schizophrenia have been reviewed.