肌红蛋白、肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶同工酶的检测对老年急性心肌梗死溶栓再通的判定价值

目的　探讨血清肌红蛋白 (Mb)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)对老年急性心肌梗死溶栓疗效的早期判定价值。方法　应用酶联免疫分析法测定 32例老年急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后的Mb、cTnT、CK MB浓度 ,分析急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通组 ( 1 8例 )和溶栓未通组 ( 1 4例 )上述指标的变化。结果　急性心肌梗死溶栓再通组Mb、cTnT和CK MB达到峰值浓度的时间明显较未通组提前 ( P <0 .0 5) ,其中Mb较cTnT和CK MB峰值出现更早 ,分别为( 7.4± 2 .5)h、( 1 3.7± 4.1 )h和 ( 1 4.4± 2 .7)h (P <0 .0 1 ) ;Mb的诊断敏感性 ( 79% )与诊断效率( 87% )明显高于cTnT( 6 0 %、75% )和CK MB( 47%、6 7% ) (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　血清Mb、cTnT和CK MB水平及其变化可以较好地早期预测急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通 ,其中Mb较cTnT及CK MB具有更好的的临床价值。     

曲美他嗪治疗老年陈旧性心肌梗死合并慢性心力衰竭的疗效及对再住院率的影响

目的 观察曲美他嗪治疗老年陈旧性心肌梗死合并慢性心力衰竭的疗效及对再住院率的影响. 方法 回顾2006年3月至2008年9月住我院的160例陈旧性心肌梗死并出现慢性心力衰竭的老年患者,分为曲美他嗪组(80例)和对照组(80例).2组疗程均为6月.全部入选患者在用药前和用药6月时分别行B型脑钠肽、NYHA分级、超声心动图评价心脏功能的改善.随访6月内的再住院次数. 结果 对照组左室射血分数(LVEF)提高,但心排血量(CO)、心排血指数(CI)无显著变化;而治疗组加用曲美他嗪后能显著改善LVEF及NYHA分级,且能显著增加CO(P＜0.05).另外对照组及曲美他嗪组B型脑钠肽水平均降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),但曲美他嗪组血浆B型脑钠肽水平降低及心功能改善更显著(P＜0.05).曲美他嗪组再住院次数较对照组明显减少,差异显著(P＜0.05).用药6月后患者心率、血压、平均动脉压在组间比较均无显著差异. 结论 在常规治疗陈旧性心肌梗死合并慢性心力衰竭基础上加用曲美他嗪可以明显改善心脏功能,降低再住院率.     

曲美他嗪对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后热休克蛋白70及超氧化物歧化酶表达的影响

目的探讨缺血再灌注模型大鼠给予曲美他嗪预处理在心肌缺血再灌注保护作用的可能机制。方法选择SD大鼠120只,随机分为对照组、缺血再灌注组、HSP70合成抑制剂组、曲美他嗪组、联合组,每组24只,每组又根据缺血后再灌注时间分为30min、4h及8h3个时间点,每个时间点8只大鼠。每组分别于各时间点测定心肌HSP70阳性细胞数,血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及心肌梗死面积百分比。结果与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组、HSP70合成抑制剂组、曲美他嗪组、联合组再灌注4及8h血清CK、CK-MB明显升高(P0.01)。曲美他嗪组再灌注4及8h血清CK、CK-MB较联合组和缺血再灌注组明显降低,再灌注30min、4h及8hHSP70、SOD较联合组和缺血再灌注组明显升高,丙二醛较联合组和缺血再灌注组明显降低(P0.01)。曲美他嗪组再灌注4及8h心肌梗死面积较联合组和缺血再灌注组明显减少[(39.15±3.62)%vs(44.65±5.14)%、(45.18±3.45)%,P0.05;(41.28±5.26)%vs(47.54±5.89)%、(46.27±3.94)%,P0.05]。结论曲美他嗪能升高心肌细胞HSP70水平,减少心肌梗死面积,对缺血再灌注大鼠心肌具有保护作用。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓时间对血管再通和近期预后的影响

目的研究急性心肌梗死发病后不同时间溶栓治疗对血管再通和预后的影响.方法根据溶栓时间将64例分成≤4h,＞4～6h和＞6～12h三组,比较血管再通率、再通所需时间及对近期预后的影响.结果血管再通率分别为73%,66.2%,49.4%(后者与前二组相比差异有显著性,P＜0.05);血管再通所需时间与发病至溶栓的时间呈正相关,分别为58.9±32.1min,89.4±28.5min和109.1±30.2min(P＜0.05).室性心律失常和心绞痛的发生率以基本通畅组为最高(P＜0.01),病死率以未通组为最高(P＜0.01).结论急性心肌梗死发病6h以内血管再通效果最好,及时有效再灌注有利于改善急性心肌梗死患者的近期预后.     

曲美他嗪对冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者心肌细胞凋亡及炎症因子的影响

目的 观察标准治疗基础上加用曲美他嗪对冠心病慢性收缩性心力衰竭的心肌细胞凋亡及炎症的影响。方法 将60例符合要求患者按随机数字表分为常规组和曲美他嗪组,各30例。常规组予以常规治疗,曲美他嗪组加用曲美他嗪片20mg/次,3次/d,观察3个月,比较治疗前后心肌细胞凋亡指标sFas及炎症指标NF-KB的影响。结果 治疗3个月后,曲美他嗪组较常规组LVEF升高13.7%(P＜0.05),曲美他嗪组较常规组左室舒张末期内径下降6.6%(P＜0.01)。两组均能减少心肌细胞凋亡,但曲美他嗪组患者心肌细胞凋亡指标sFas明显低于常规组（644.3±219.5 vs 781．7±223.9,P＜0.01）,炎症指标NF-KB在曲美他嗪组也明星低于常规组（53.8±6.1 vs 61.5±7.7,P＜0.05)。结论 曲美他嗪可能减少冠心病慢性心力衰竭的心肌细胞凋亡和炎症反应,这可能和其改善心功能有关。     

肌钙蛋白T对急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓疗效的判断价值

105例患者采用尿激酶天普乐欣150万～200万U/半小时内静脉溶栓。结果:再通组CK、CK-MB及TnT峰值时间(小时)分别为12.46±1.16、11.75±1.29及12.66±1.37,明显早于未通组(P<0.001)。上三项峰值浓度仅TnT值(μg)再通组(14.145±2.6110)显著高于未通组(8.673±1.616),p<0.05。峰值相对浓度再通组与未通组TnT显著高于CK-MB(P<0.001)。以TnT早期峰时≤16h,TnT 12h/24 h≥1.0及TnT 12h/24h≥0.8作为判断溶栓再通的的指标。表1     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗中T波早期倒置的意义

目的 评价溶栓治疗中T波早期倒置的意义。方法 选择T波早期倒置病人(A组)30例,非T波早期倒置病人(B组)26例,用心电图(ECG)方法计算最初梗死面积和最终梗死面积,比较梗死心肌存活率和肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)峰值与峰值出现时间。结果梗死心肌存活率A组为0.36±0.26％,B组为0.23±0.19％;CK峰值A组为1920.4±569.2IU/L,B组为2282.0±674.3IU/L,峰值出现时间A组为16±1.2h,B组为22±4.2h。绪论 急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗后24h内,心电图ST段抬高的导联出现T波倒置,标志着闭塞血管获得再通。     

曲美他嗪对老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的探讨曲美他嗪对老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法选取老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者120例作为研究对象,患者入院后均进行PCI治疗,随机分为对照组(n=60)和观察组(n=60)。对照组采用常规治疗药物,观察组在对照组的基础上服用曲美他嗪。对比两组患者术前、术后的心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)I、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平变化,测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心肌梗死面积,比较两组患者术后再灌注心律失常和不良心血管事件的发生率。结果观察组术后6 h、24 h的cTnI、CK-MB水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后1个月、3个月LVEF均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后1 d、7 d的心肌梗死面积显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后再灌注心律失常发生率及不良心血管事件发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术前、后应用曲美他嗪进行治疗,能够有效减少心肌缺血再灌注损伤,保护患者心功能,且安全性较好。     

静脉溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QT间期离散度及室性心律失常的影响

目的　研究静脉溶栓心肌再灌注治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者QT间期离散度(QTd)与校正的QT间期离散度 (QTcd)及室性心律失常 (VA)恶性程度的影响。方法　分别于入院时及溶栓治疗后 4周记录 15例溶栓成功及 17例溶栓未成功患者常规 12导联心电图 ,计算QTd及QTcd ,并行心电监测 ,记录住院期间发生的VA。结果　再通组 (15例 ) 4周后QTd与QTcd[(5 2 .9± 10 .4)ms、(5 8.7± 12 .3 )ms]与溶栓前QTd与QTcd比较 [(69.7± 15 .5 )ms ,(80 .5± 2 7.0 )ms]显著减小 (P <0 .0 5 )。 4周后再通组较溶栓失败冠脉未通组 (17例 )QTd与QTcd[(63 .7±15 .5 )ms ,(72 .3± 2 5 .4)ms]显著减小 (P <0 .0 5 )。再通组VA恶性程度与未通组比较有显著降低 ,死亡率亦降低。结论　早期静脉溶栓成功心肌再灌注治疗可以显著减小心肌梗死患者的QT间期离散度 ,并降低室性心律失常的恶性程度     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮水平的影响

目的 :探讨溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者内皮素 (ET)和一氧化氮 (NO)水平的影响。方法 :治疗组 32例 ,采用尿激酶 15 0万U于 6 0min内静脉滴注 ,分别测出治疗前及治疗后溶栓再通组 (18例 )和未通组 (14例 )ET和NO水平的动态变化。对照组 2 0例 ,测治疗前ET和NO水平。结果 :①治疗组的ET水平高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,NO水平低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②溶栓再通组的ET、NO水平显著增高 ,峰值分别是 196 .2 8± 2 0 .14ng/L和5 6 .82± 13 .6 2 μmol/L ,显著高于溶栓未通组的峰值 (ET 112 .18± 15 .2 2ng/L和NO43.87± 10 .12 μmol/L ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;③再通组ET和NO峰值提前 ,都在溶栓后 2h ,而溶栓未通组ET和NO峰值均为溶栓后 6h。结论 :①ET/NO代谢失衡是构成AMI发生的一个重要机制 ;②溶栓后NO水平升高可拮抗再灌注损伤引起的ET水平增高。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.