大理地区鼠类动物肝毛细线虫感染情况调查

目的　调查大理地区鼠类动物肝毛细线虫感染的情况。　方法　在室内和室外采用捕鼠笼、鼠夹和电子捕鼠器捕捉鼠类动物 ,并确定其种类 ,解剖检查和镜检肝毛细线虫感染情况。　结果　共捕获鼠类动物 113 2只 ,分属 3目 6科 13属 2 3种 ,齐氏姬鼠为野外常见种 ,褐家鼠为室内优势种。感染肝毛细线虫的鼠共 2 3 8只 ,分属 2目 8种 ,感染率为2 1.0 2 %。家栖鼠类感染普遍 ,感染率为 76.83 % ,以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠感染率较高 ,分别是 77.0 1%和 77.46%。野栖鼠类感染率低 ,为 4.47% ,但斯氏家鼠感染率可达 3 8.81%。　结论　大理地区鼠类肝毛细线虫感染相当普遍 ,家栖鼠类感染率较高 ,预防人群肝毛细线虫的感染是十分必要的。     

河南省小动物宿主肝毛细线虫病流行病学调查

目的调查分析河南省小动物宿主感染肝毛细线虫病流行现状。方法根据地理方位和地理特征选择7个县为调查点，在户外捕捉鼠类等动物，鉴定种类，解剖取鼠肝用直接压片法镜检肝毛细线虫感染情况。结果共捕获各种鼠类和其他动物15种1188只，其中啮齿目动物11种，1169只。优势鼠种为褐家鼠、大仓鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠和黑线姬鼠。6种鼠157只检出肝毛细线虫感染，平均感染率为13．62％。感染率最高的为家栖鼠类，其中褐家鼠25．83％，黄胸鼠12．90％，小家鼠10．00％。地区分布以汝南县鼠感染率最高，为23．83％；郑州市惠济区1．76％。环境分布以村周鼠感染率最高，为30．34％；村内19．49％，田地17．24％。结论河南省鼠肝毛细线虫分布十分广泛，部分地区鼠类感染较为严重。开展人肝毛细线虫流行病学调查和防治十分必要。     

Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) Moravec, 1982--capillaria with an atypical life cycle

Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893)--commonly known as Capillaria hepatica is a nematode parasitising in liver of rodents, some domestic and wild mammals: Insectivora, Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Primates including human as well. C. hepaticum is the only nematode--geohelminth, which for the continuity of the life cycle needs the death of the host being the intermediate and final host at the same time. The eggs of the parasite deposited by female worms in liver of the host became entrapped in fibrotic tissue. C. hepaticum is a cosmopolitic nematode. Rats and mice (domestic and field) are the main hosts of this parasite, the prevalence of infection can be very high e.g. Rattus norvegicus--100% in the Baltimore Zoo (Farhang-Azad 1977) as well as from the urban area of Milan (Italy)--the prevalence of infection was 36% (Ceruti et al. 2001). Hepatic capillariasis was not recorded in our country but its existence seems to be very probable.     

中国大陆广州管圆线虫鼠类终末宿主感染率的Meta分析

目的 了解我国广州管圆线虫鼠类终末宿主感染率.方法 检索2000年1月1日至2019年12月31日发表在万方数据资源系统、CBM、CNKI、CQVIP、Pubmed、Web of Science、Embase、Elsevier/ScienceDirect、SpringerLink 等中英文数据库中有关我国大陆鼠类终末宿...     

Angiostrongylus malaysiensis from Tuaran, Sabah, with reference to the distribution of the parasite in Malaysia.

A survey of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis among wild rodent and molluscan hosts was made in the Tuaran Central Agricultural Research Station and within the vicinity of Tuaran, Sabah. Three of 19 Rattus rattus diardii, one of 2 R. exulans and one R. argentiventer were found naturally infected with the parasite. In this survey 56 of 382 molluscs comprising of Pila scutata, Achatina fulica and two species of land slugs, Laevicaulis alte and Microparmarion malayanus, were found naturally infected with the parasite. Samples of larvae from each of these molluscs were experimentally transferred to laboratory albino rats and adult worms consistent with A. malaysiensis were recovered. Comparison of the rat hosts and the molluscan intermediate hosts of the parasite in Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah was made, and the finding of A. malaysiensis in Tuaran is the first report of the parasite from Sabah. The distribution of the parasite throughout Malaysia is discussed. Observation on the human consumption of the freshwater snail, P. scutata, was made. Although the infection rate of this snail is low compared with other molluscan hosts examined. The importance of this mollusc as a potential source of human infection should not be overlooked. Hospital records for 1974 and 1975 were examined and clinical human angiostrongyliasis was rarely recorded in Sabah.     

我国部分林区鼠中莱姆病螺旋体的分子流行病学调查研究

目的了解我国部分林区鼠中莱姆病螺旋体感染及其基因分型情况。方法应用巢式PCR扩增鼠中莱姆病螺旋体5S-23S rRNA间隔区片段,对阳性产物进行限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。结果共检测鼠8属19种455只,感染莱姆病螺旋体的有4属8种26只,感染率为5.71%。内蒙古、黑龙江、浙江、贵州林区鼠的感染率分别为3.45%、4.84%、8.00%、7.14%;其中东北林区(包括内蒙古和黑龙江)棕背鼠平的感染率为9.09%;浙江林区社鼠的感染率为9.26%;未发现新疆林区鼠感染莱姆病螺旋体。RFLP分析结果显示内蒙古、黑龙江林区鼠中莱姆病螺旋体均为B.garinii基因型,而浙江、贵州林区鼠感染的莱姆病螺旋体包括B.garinii和B.valaisiana两种基因型。结论东北林区及浙江林区以B.garinii基因型为主,棕背鼠平、社鼠可能分别是两地林区莱姆病螺旋体的主要储存宿主。     

长江江滩武汉段鼠类肝毛细线虫感染调查

目的 目的 了解长江江滩武汉段鼠类肝毛细线虫感染状况。方法 方法 选择长江江滩武汉江岸段, 通过捕鼠夹捕获江 滩野鼠, 解剖肝脏肉眼观察肝脏病变和肝组织压片显微镜镜检虫卵。结果 结果 调查点依自然条件分6个片区, 每个调查片 区分别放置60个捕鼠夹, 共360个, 回收360个鼠夹, 共捕获31只野鼠, 平均鼠密度为8.61％, 1只鼠检出肝毛细线虫, 感 染率为3.23%。 31只野鼠中黑线姬鼠24只, 褐家鼠3只, 鼩鼱4只, 感染率分别为0、 33.3%和0。结论 结论 长江江滩武汉段 鼠体有肝毛细线虫感染, 为肝毛细线虫病的自然疫源地。     

STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF Capillaria hepatica IN HUMANS AND RODENTS IN AN URBAN AREA OF THE CITY OF PORTO VELHO,ROND?NIA, BRAZIL

Introduction: Hepatic capillariosis, caused by Capillaria hepatica (Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), is a common zoonosis in rodents but is rare in humans. Seventy-two cases in humans have been reported worldwide since the first case was described by MACARTHUR in 1924^17,27. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in humans and rodents in an urban area of Porto Velho, the capital of Rondônia, in Brazil. Methods: After conducting a census of the area, 490 residents were randomly selected, and, after signing a term of consent, provided blood samples that were screened for anti-Capillaria hepatica antibodies. Simultaneously, rats were captured to assess the prevalence of this parasite in rodents by histopathological examination in liver sections. Results: A prevalence of 1.8% was found among residents who had specific antibodies at a dilution of 1:150, indicating exposure to parasite eggs; 0.8% of the subjects also had positive titers at a dilution of 1:400, indicating true infection. The prevalence in rats was 2%. Conclusions: The prevalence of infection with this parasite among humans and rats was low. While the prevalence encountered among humans was within the limits reported in the literature, the prevalence among rodents was much lower.     

Gerbillus nanus (Rodentia: Muridae): a new reservoir host of Leishmania major

Gerbillus nanus Blanford, 1875 known as Baluchistan gerbil, is a granivorous solitary naked-footed species. No evidence of its natural infection with the protozoan parasite, Leishmania, has so far been provided. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem in many parts of the world, including Iran. The annual nationwide incidence of human CL due to Leishmania major (CLM) in endemic rural areas was above 18,000 cases in 2008. The detection of L. major in rodents is of fundamental importance for incriminating them as potential reservoirs of CLM infection. Between April 2007 and April 2008, following detection of 245 clinical cases in Jask region of south-east Iran, wild rodents were captured and checked by the microscopic slide smears for leishmanial infections. Overall, 106 gerbilline rodents were captured from which 17 were identified as Gerbillus nanus. Females of Meriones hurrianae, Tatera indica and G. nanus were found to be naturally infected with L. MAJOR. The presence of these parasites in G. nanus has never been reported before. All the amastigote-infected rodents came from the eastern plain of this region, except one T. indica from the western plain which was found to be smear-positive or kinetoplast DNA-positive by PCR. The highest (11·8%) prevalence of infection among rodents confirmed by PCR to be infected with L. major was attributed to Baluchistan gerbil, G. nanus, which is thus incriminated as a potential reservoir host of L. major in Iran.     

宁化县人体假性感染肝毛细线虫Capillaria hepatica调查

目的分析宁化县人体假性感染肝毛细线虫情况及相关因素.方法 结合当地人体寄生虫感染调查,对水茜,淮土和河龙3个自然村的居民,以常规粪便改良加藤氏厚涂片法检查.共查881人,发现感染者8人,感染率为0.91%.经追踪调查, 8例感染者在1周前均有吃过熏烤老鼠干史.结论 证实当地人体粪便内发现的肝毛细线虫卵,是吞食含有该虫卵的熏烤鼠干所致.故8例的肝毛细线虫卵阳性是通过性的假性感染.     

陕西省吴起县2007-2009年鼠疫监测结果

目的调查鼠疫宿主动物及媒介动物的种群构成及数量分布,为制定有效防治措施提供依据。方法对捕获鼠类及检获蚤类进行鉴定,并进行鼠疫血清学监测。结果捕获鼠类4种298只,平均密度为2.08只/hm^2,其中以达乌尔鼠兔为优势种,占74.50%。共梳检蚤52只,总染蚤率为10.07%,总染蚤指数为0.20;获鼠血清178份,鼠疫F1抗体检测均为阴性。结论吴起县未发现人间和动物间鼠疫疫情。     

Leishmania major infection in the fat sand rat Psammomys obesus in Tunisia: interaction of host and parasite populations

The causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania major, was studied in a Tunisian population of the fat sand rat, Psammomys obesus. Seasonal changes in the abundances of parasite and host were monitored in a longitudinal field survey lasting 21 months. Overall, 566 P. obesus, collected during 10 trapping sessions between May 1995 and January 1997, were examined. Analysis of prevalence, using logistic regression, revealed that extrinsic factors, such as season and climatic conditions, and intrinsic factors, such as host age, have a combined effect. Leishmania major showed a seasonal pattern, with most transmission occurring in late summer and in autumn, when prevalences were 7.5- and 6.6-fold higher, respectively, than in spring. Prevalence peaked, at 70%, in September 1995 and then decreased to 0% in June 1996. The same temporal fluctuation was observed during the second study year, albeit among prevalences that were relatively low because of unusually dry conditions. Prevalence was highly dependent on the age of the P. obesus, and season and age acted in synergy so that the rodents were highly infected in late summer and in autumn. Prevalence was not correlated with the relative density of the P. obesus and also appeared independent of gender. Although the ear lesions observed on 378 sand rats during a 1-year survey were closely associated with Leishmania infection, such lesions were not good predictors of infection, as 35% of the rodents found to be infected had no visible lesions on their ears. The prevalences of Leishmania infection observed in this study, among P. obesus living in monospecific colonies, were generally lower than those observed in other studies of P. obesus. It seems possible that P. obesus living in monospecific colonies could have a lesser role in propagating the parasite than those living in plurispecific colonies of rodents, and act as an 'epidemiological sink'.     

Identification of phosphorylcholine containing antigens of Fasciola hepatica—successful tolerization against this epitope in experimental animals

Phosphorylcholine containing antigens have been identified in the parasite Fasciola hepatica by immunoblotting and ELISA. Immunoblots probed with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies indicate that the majority of antigens identified in both the immature and mature parasite contain both phosphorylcholine and non-phosphorylcholine epitopes. One antigen of 58 kDa appears to contain predominantly PC epitopes or at least this epitope is the major one responded to by host animals. Successful immunotolerization against the epitope PC was achieved by injecting the PC conjugate, ovalbumin PC, into neonatal rats. Immunotolerization against PC resulted in a 25% reduction in worm burden upon subsequent infection with Fasciola hepatica.     

Capillaria hepatica in China

Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high infection rates,which explains why C.hepatica spreads globally.Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and physical damage tended to occur.Although C.hepatica might lead to serious liver disorders,relevant clinical reports were rare,becau...     

Experimental infection of Rattus sabanus and Rattus muelleri with subperiodic Brugia malayi.

R. sabanus and R. muelleri are very common in the lowland forests of Malaysia. In nature they are infected with Breinlia sp. and D. ramachandrani. In an attempt to determine whether they are also susceptible to subperiodic B. malayi and thereby being potential reservoirs of infection of the disease, 24 R. muelleri and 17 R. sabanus were experimentally infected with the parasite. Results show that although they can support the full development of the parasite, they are poor hosts. This confirms the observation that in Malaysia natural infection of Rattus spp. with the parasite has not been seen. These rats therefore are probably not important in the zoonotic transmission of subperiodic B. malayi in Malaysia.     

Intestinal helminth communities of Podarcis bocagei and Podarcis carbonelli (Sauria: Lacertidae) in NW Portugal

Summary A survey of gastrointestinal helminth communities of Podarcis bocagei and Podarcis carbonelli (Sauria: Lacertidae) from NW Portugal was conducted to determine the prevalence, intensity and diversity of intestinal parasites in these lizards. A few parasite species were found in both hosts, their prevalences, mean intensities and abundances of infection being low or very low. Low values of richness and abundance of parasite species were also found in the helminth infracommunities of individuals of both host species. These low values of parameters of infection and diversity are discussed and compared between both host species and among other Iberian lacertid lizards.     

A study of commensal rodents and shrews with reference to the parasites of medical importance in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand

A total of 622 and 110 commensal and forest rodents and shrews was examined in the urban and rural areas of Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. A higher density of commensal animals was found in urban than rural areas. Five enteropathogenic bacteria, and four helminth species of significant medical importance were collected. The Oriental rat-flea, X. cheopis was found prevalent among these animals. The findings of adult A. cantonensis worm in S. murinus the first reported case of the parasite developed into adult in an abnormal host.     

The occurrence of fasciola hepatica in chosen regions of Poland based on molecular and serological methods

Fasciolosis, caused by the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) is an important issue for both human and animal health. The disease evokes economic losses which are a consequence of impaired animal productivity leading to higher costs of meat and milk production, as well as liver condemnation. The goals of this thesis were to: (1) elaborate a molecular method--PCR for the detection of F. hepatica DNA in intermediate and definite hosts; (2) estimate the usefulness of a recombinated cysteine proteinase produced in E. coli in the form of inclusive bodies in serological diagnosis of F. hepatica infection in definite hosts, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); (3) conduct field research on the prevalence of infection among intermediate and definitive hosts (cattle) in chosen regions of Poland, utilizing the elaborated methods. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was established that it is possible to detect F. hepatica DNA in the feces of definite hosts with the elaborated PCR method. The amplification of a 124 base pair tandem repeat allows the detection of fluke larval stages in intermediate hosts within 12 hours of exposure and F. hepatica infection in definite hosts (by the 5th week in rats, 8th week in sheep and 10th week in cattle). Therefore, the PCR test is more sensitive than traditional microscopic methods. Furthermore, it was determined that, the recombinated cysteine proteinase in the form of inclusive bodies, after solubillization exhibits antigenic properties of the native protein and the ELISA method based on this antigen may be useful as a tool for diagnosing fasciolosis in sheep and cattle, in both serum and milk samples. The test achieves a greater sensitivity and specificity than an ELISA based on native excretory-secretory antigens. The results of field research indicate that Fasciola hepatica is a frequent parasite of cattle in central and eastern Poland. The mean prevalence was 34.86% (+/- 16.95) in all studied areas. The prevalence among intermediate hosts varied greatly (0-100%). The elaborated tests were proved to be valuable, mutually complementing diagnostic tools, applicable to different epidemiological situations.     

IgE production in rat fascioliasis

F. hepatica infection of rats caused a prolonged elevation of serum total IgE reflecting the continued presence of live worms in the host. Infection with 40 metacercariae stimulated higher total IgE levels than infection with 20 metacercariae. The parasite specific IgE response was biphasic, the first peak coinciding with the migratory phase in the liver parenchyma and the second with the establishment of flukes in the bile ducts.     

The ecology of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in small rodent populations

The prevalence and abundance of Cryptosporidium parvum were studied over a three year period (1997-1999) in three species of rodents sampled from forest and abandoned fields in the Mazury Lake District, Poland. The overall prevalence was consistently higher in voles compared with Apodemus flavicollis (70.6% in Clethrionomys glareolus, 73.0% in Microtus arvalis and 27.8% in A. flavicollis). The prevalence and abundance of infection also varied across the 3 years of the study with 1998 being the year of higher prevalence and abundance of the parasite. Fewer older animals carried the infection, and their infections were relatively mild. We found no consistent pattern of seasonal changes despite the significance of seasonal differences. Host sex did not influence either the prevalence or abundance of infection with C. parvum. A great proportion of recaptured voles developed chronic infections between consecutive trapping sessions and only a small number of animals recovered. However, yellow-necked mice seem to be much more resistant to infection that became self-limiting. Our results firmly establish that the common woodland and grassland wild rodents in the Mazury Lake District constitute a significant and hazardous reservoir of C. parvum for animals and humans.