趋化因子与肺癌

趋化因子是一类趋化细胞定向移动的小分子蛋白,在肺癌中,趋化因子参与调节肿瘤细胞的生长、肿瘤内血管生成、抗肿瘤免疫及诱导远处转移的过程.趋化因子参与了肺癌进展,为肺癌的治疗提供了新的靶点.     

趋化因子与肺癌

趋化因子与其相应的受体作用,广泛参与生物活动及病理过程。研究发现多种肿瘤细胞都过表达功能性的趋化因子。在肺癌中,趋化因子参与了其增殖、凋亡、侵袭和转移等过程。肺癌过表达的趋化因子及其受体,可作为明确的靶向目标进行针对性的抗肿瘤治疗。     

人类趋化因子与肿瘤生长,转移

白细胞向炎症部位的定向移动是由趋化因子诱导的。近年来发现趋化因子及其受体参与了许多病理过程 ,尤其在艾滋病和肿瘤的发病机制与治疗中有了新进展。本文重点阐述趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤生长与转移中的作用。     

趋化因子5及其受体与乳腺癌

趋化因子CCL5及其受体CCR5作为趋化因子家族之一参与多种疾病过程,尤其与乳腺癌关系密切.研究表明趋化因子CCI5及其受体CCR5在乳腺癌的发生、浸润、转移、治疗和预后方面都发挥重要作用.     

趋化因子与乳腺癌

趋化因子参与乳腺癌细胞的生长、血管生成及远处转移过程。然而,近年来单靶点趋化因子受体拮抗剂的临床试验多以失败告终,彰显了肿瘤微环境中趋化因子网络的复杂性,因此基于多向药理学原理确立多靶点调控策略势在必行。多靶点非典型性趋化因子受体(ACR)作为内源性和生理性的调节分子,有可能成为捕获高表达的多种促肿瘤性趋化因子、有效控制乳腺癌的利器。     

肺癌患者血清趋化因子的表达水平及临床意义

目的 检测干扰素诱导的T细胞趋化因子(ITAC)、Fractalkine、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP)-3α、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、MIP-1α和MIP-1β在肺癌患者血清的表达水平,分析其与肺癌临床特征之间的关系及各趋化因子间相关性.方法 采用液相芯片技术联合检测40例初诊肺癌患者和30例正常人血清中上述6种趋化因子的表达情况,采用SPSS 17.0软件分析其与肺癌临床特征的关系及各趋化因子之间的相关性.结果 肺癌患者血清IL-8、Fractalkine、MIP-3α表达量中位数(四分位数间距)分别为5.16(4.74)、128.45 (141.89)、10.31(8.88),正常人分别为2.01(0.95)、61.46(74.81)、8.08(5.87),组间差异均有统计学意义(Z=-4.783,P ＜0.001;Z=-4.046,P＜0.001;Z=-3.105,P=0.002).肺腺癌组MIP-1β水平显著高于鳞状细胞癌组[18.32(12.27)∶13.72(7.31),Z=-2.212,P =0.027],而鳞状细胞癌组ITAC水平显著高于小细胞肺癌组[24.51(22.48)∶9.28(4.85),Z=-2.460,P=0.014];在肺癌患者和正常人中,MIP-3α与Fractalkine均呈正相关(r=0.619,P ＜0.001;r=0.766,P ＜0.001).结论 IL-8 、Fractalkine、MIP-3α在肺癌患者中的表达明显升高,可能在肺癌的转移中发挥重要作用.     

趋化因子与肿瘤生长和转移

趋化因子是一个促炎多肽细胞因子的超家族，具有激活和趋化白细胞的作用，许多疾病的发生发展均需趋化因子的参与。在肿瘤的发生发展过程中，趋化因子表现出两方面的作用：一部分趋化因子可能增强宿主抗肿瘤侵入的固有或特异性免疫反应，另一部分可能通过促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和肿瘤组织中血管的生成，而促进肿瘤的生长和转移。本文主要     

趋化因子受体与肿瘤转移

目前认为肿瘤细胞转移和淋巴细胞迁移具有相似机制,但趋化因子及其受体参与肿瘤转移的机制尚未完全阐明。由于其在肿瘤细胞器官选择性转移中的重要作用,趋化因子受体有希望成为肿瘤治疗的靶标并具有预后价值。现综述趋化因子受体与肿瘤侵袭和转移的研究进展。     

趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用

近年来陆续发现了许多新的趋化因子和受体，研究发现趋化因子及其受体参与机体的多种生理和病理过程，并在肿瘤的侵袭转移中通过不同机制发挥着重要作用。本文对其进行简要综述。     

趋化因子受体与肿瘤转移

目前认为肿瘤细胞转移和淋巴细胞迁移具有相似机制,但趋化因子及其受体参与肿瘤转移的机制尚未完全阐明。由于其在肿瘤细胞器官选择性转移中的重要作用,趋化因子受体有希望成为肿瘤治疗的靶标并具有预后价值。现综述趋化因子受体与肿瘤侵袭和转移的研究进展。     

Redevelopment of small-cell lung cancer nine years after the start of therapy. A case report and review of the literature.

Most patients with small-cell lung cancer usually relapse within 1 to 2 years. Relapses after a 5-year disease-free interval occur extremely rarely. This report describes a patient with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer who had achieved a complete response to combination chemotherapy followed by chest irradiation but developed small-cell lung cancer 9.4 years after the beginning of therapy. Small-cell lung cancer recurred in the same side of the lung, in the mediastinal nodes, and in the liver. The pattern of development of small-cell lung cancer suggests that the patient had a relapse rather than a metachronous lung cancer. To our knowledge, this is the second-latest relapse of small-cell lung cancer in the literature.     

非小细胞肺癌基因突变与吸烟相关性的研究现状

2016年全球疾病负担(GBD2016)研究显示,肺癌的致死率逐年升高,已成为癌症死因之首,控制肺癌发病迫在眉睫。在我国肺癌同样是发病率和死亡率第一的恶性肿瘤,对人类健康造成了威胁。其中非小细胞肺癌占肺癌比例之多,约为85%。到目前为止,基因突变已经成为非小细胞肺癌已知的致癌因素,而吸烟又在非小细胞肺癌的发生发展过程中起到了一定的作用,为正确识别吸烟作为非小细胞肺癌中基因突变的危险因素,本文对2018年美国国家综合癌症网(NCCN)提到的可以诱发非小细胞肺癌的突变基因与吸烟的关系进行综述,发现在非小细胞肺癌中EGFR、ALK、ROS1、KRAS以及BRAF突变基因与吸烟的相关性争议较多,但更倾向于存在无吸烟暴露的患者中,而非小细胞肺癌中总体的基因突变率却与吸烟之间存在关联。     

Differences in histology between first and second primary lung cancer.

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were used to compare the histological distribution of second lung cancer following an initial cancer of the lung, head and neck, and breast to primary lung carcinoma occurring as a first cancer. Following initial head and neck cancer or initial squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, the proportion of second primary lung cancer which was of squamous cell histology rose dramatically, while the proportion of pulmonary adenocarcinomas rose following initial adenocarcinoma of the lung. The histological distribution of lung cancer following an initial breast cancer in women was similar to the distribution of de novo lung cancer in women. These results persisted as the time interval between diagnosis of the two primaries was increased from 12 to 48 months. We conclude that the histology of a second primary lung cancer following an initial cancer of the lung or head and neck tends to repeat the histology of the initial cancer (field effect), and this observation is not likely to be due to misdiagnosis of a recurrence of the initial cancer.     

A case of long-term survival with stage IV small cell lung cancer and early-stage central-type squamous cell lung cancer treated by photodynamic therapy

The present report is on a 67-year-old man with stage IV small cell lung cancer and early-stage centrally located squamous cell cancer of the lung. He was diagnosed as small cell lung cancer with multiple metastasis to the ipsilateral lung and was found to have a central-type early-stage squamous cell cancer by bronchoscope. After obtaining a complete response to the small cell lung cancer with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy was applied to the squamous cell carcinoma, resulting in complete disappearance of the tumor. Recurrence of small cell cancer occurred at the ipsilateral lung and this patient died of small cell cancer 8 years after initiation of treatment. Post mortem examination confirmed complete disappearance of squamous cell cancer treated by photodynamic therapy. This is a rare case of long-term survival with stage IV small cell lung cancer and early-stage central-type squamous cell lung cancer successfully treated by photodynamic therapy.     

肺癌干细胞与肺癌转移相关机制的研究进展

肺癌干细胞是来源于肺癌具有自我更新及多向分化潜能的一部分细胞群,被认为是肺癌发生发展的根源,其在肺癌转移过程中扮演重要角色,可能的作用机制主要包括上皮间质转化、肿瘤微环境、肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤耐药性、信号转导通路等几个方面.本文将对肺癌干细胞与肺癌转移相关机制做进一步探索,以期为防治肺癌转移提供新策略.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肺癌患者的应对措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是近段时间我国面临的重大公卫事件,我国是肺癌大国,为了加强肺癌患者对这一疾病的认识,在疫情期间,使广大肺癌患者做好自身疾病的管理,做好对新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防。本文结合肺癌患者自身特点,对新型冠状病毒肺炎的易感性、鉴别诊断、防护、治疗,以及肺癌患者的随访、抗肿瘤用药、营养、手术等方面进行探讨,并结合两者的关系综合归纳,可以为广大肺癌患者更好地应对疫情提供参考。     

STK33基因在肺癌乳腺癌结肠癌组织中表达的研究

目的:探讨STK 33基因在肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌组织中表达及其与临床分期的关系。方法:选择2007年1 月至2009年4 月接受手术治疗并有完整临床资料的肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌患者174 例。采用免疫组织化学染色及HE染色的检测方法,对174例肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌组织中STK 33蛋白表达进行观察,并分析它们之间的关系。结果:在正常肺组织及肺良性病变组织中均失表达,肺癌组织中表达率为79.7% ,肺癌转移淋巴组织中表达率为100% ;肺癌及转移淋巴结组织中STK 33蛋白表达率显著高于正常肺组织及肺良性病变组织（P<0.01）。 肺癌组织中STK 33基因表达水平与肺癌肿瘤细胞分化程度、患者淋巴结转移有密切关系（P<0.05）。 乳腺癌和结肠癌组织中STK 33阳性率与对应的非癌组织之间有显著差异。用Western-Blot分析显示,肺癌组织中STK 33的表达水平远高于非癌组织。结论:STK 33蛋白高表达强度与恶性肿瘤肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌病变的恶性程度呈正相关,随着肿瘤的发展STK 33蛋白表达水平呈递增趋势,标志着STK 33蛋白的表达增高使肿瘤细胞更具有恶性表型和恶性行为。提示STK 33蛋白可能成为早期非小细胞肺癌患者术后评价预后的重要分子标志物,可以作为肺、乳腺、结肠病变诊断的参考指标。      

57kD肺癌抗原的分离纯化、免疫抗体的制备与各型肺癌免疫组织化学分析

目的制备肺癌抗原和抗体。方法用胰蛋白酶酶解肺癌细胞膜取得多肽混合物，经琼脂糖凝胶和纤维素层析柱分离、纯化，获取肺癌表面抗原，再用电泳、Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法确定其性质。用此抗原免疫动物制备相应抗体，并用免疫组织化学方法对８５例肺癌、１０例正常肺和１８例非癌性肺病进行测定。结果此抗原为等电点５．６、分子量为５７０００（５７ｋＤ）的膜蛋白。正常肺和非癌性组织中此抗原表达很低，呈阴性表达；肺癌阳性表达率为８０％，其中鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞肺癌的阳性表达率分别为９４．８０％、７８．２６％和２８．５７％，高分化型鳞癌和腺癌阳性表达率在９０％以上。结论此抗原为不带糖或含糖量很低的多肽，是肺鳞癌和腺癌的共同抗原。     

A study of the volatile organic compounds exhaled by lung cancer cells in vitro for breath diagnosis

BACKGROUND: The specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhaled by lung cancer cells in the microenvironment are the source biomarkers of lung cancer and also serve as direct evidence that the diagnosis of lung cancer by breath is possible. However, to the authors' knowledge, few articles published to date have provided accurate VOCs in the microenvironment, thereby leading to different points of view with regard to searching for biomarkers in the breath from lung cancer patients In this article, an innovative pathologic analysis method of lung cancer and the early diagnosis of lung cancer at the cellular level were introduced for this purpose. METHODS: Solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography is used as the detection system to determine the VOCs in the culture medium of several target cells, including different kinds of lung cancer cells, bronchial epithelial cells, tastebud cells, osteogenic cells, and lipocytes. As a result, each kind of cells has a unique chromatogram. There are 4 special VOCs that were found to exist in all culture mediums of lung cancer cells, which are the metabolic products of lung cancer cells and can be viewed as markers of lung cancer. RESULTS: The authors were able to determine a correlation between VOCs in the metabolic products of lung cancer cells and VOCs in the breath of lung cancer patients, some of whom had stage I and II disease, and eventually hope to certify the biomarkers in the breath of lung cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: This research is significant and provides the basis for the noninvasive detection and the breath diagnosis of lung cancer using an electronic nose.     

肿瘤标志物诊断肺癌转移的临床价值

目的:检测肿瘤标志物在肺癌与肺癌并转移患者中的水平差异,并分析其鉴别诊断价值。方法:纳入388例肺癌患者及67例肺癌并转移患者,采集血液样本,采用凝集素亲和方法检测肿瘤异常蛋白（TAP）,采用化学发光免疫分析法检测糖类抗原125（CA125）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段（CYFRA21-1）、糖类抗原50（CA50）、铁蛋白(FRT)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCC）。比较上述肿瘤标志物在肺癌与肺癌并转移患者中的水平差异,利用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,分析肿瘤标志物对两组患者的鉴别诊断价值。利用Logistic回归分析鉴定肺癌转移的风险因素。Spearman相关性分析患者肿瘤标志物之间的相关性。结果:CEA、CYFRA21-1及NSE在肺癌并转移患者中的水平明显高于肺癌患者（P＜0.05）,而其他肿瘤标志物在两组患者之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）。与各自的参考区间相比,TAP在肺癌及肺癌并转移患者中的阳性率最高（>98%）,SCC阳性率最低（<10%）,其他指标的阳性率介于10%~65%。肺癌并转移患者CEA阳性率明显高于肺癌患者（62.69% vs 43.8%,P＜0.05）。ROC分析结果显示,CEA对两组患者的鉴别效能最优（特异性:82%、敏感性:42%）。联合指标分析显示,与其他指标联合并不能明显提升CEA的鉴别诊断价值（P＞0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,CEA是肺癌转移的风险因素。相关性分析显示,在肺癌与肺癌并转移患者中,各肿瘤标志物之间的相关性不一致。结论:与肺癌患者组相比,肺癌并转移患者中的CEA阳性率及水平均明显升高,对肺癌转移的诊断具有一定的临床意义。