人视网膜S-AgP35诱发EAU动物模型的建立

目的 采用合成的人视网膜S-Ag多肽片断第35段抗原决定簇(HS-AgP35)在Lewis大鼠建立实验性葡萄膜炎(EAU)模型.方法 雌性Lewis大鼠30只,随机分成3组,每组10只.两实验组中HS-AgP35和BS-Ag分别与CFA混合,致敏Lewis大鼠,正常对照组不做处理.观察大鼠眼部体征和组织病理学改变;ELISA方法 检测大鼠血清中抗HS-AgP35/BS-Ag抗体水平;RT-PCR方法 检测大鼠脾组织内IL- 4和IFN-γ mRNA表达水平.结果 两种抗原均能致Lewis大鼠发生EAU,HS-AgP35组100%发病,BS-Ag组60%发病,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);HS-AgP35组大鼠发病早(P＜0.01),眼部体征和组织病理学改变严重(P＜0.01),持续时间长(P＜0.01).两实验组大鼠血清中抗BS-Ag/HS-AgP35抗体水平均高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),HS-AgP35组高于BS-Ag组(P＜0.05).两实验组大鼠脾组织中IFN-γ mRNA表达水平均高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);HS-AgP35组IL- 4 mRNA表达较高(P＜0.01),BS-Ag组无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 抗原特异性高的HS-AgP35能诱导Lewis大鼠发生EAU,可建立具有典型眼部表现和组织病理学改变的动物模型.     

间充质干细胞对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎眼部CD4+T细胞亚群浸润的影响

目的 观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对大鼠实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎(EAU)的治疗效果.方法 Lewis大鼠12只随机分为对照组与治疗组,均为6只大鼠.大鼠单后足及背部6点注射含30 μg光感受器间维生素A类结合蛋白多肽片段R16的乳剂0.2 ml,建立EAU模型,观察各组临床表现.贴壁培养法纯化Wistar大鼠骨髓MSCs.建模后第9～11天,治疗组每日行尾静脉注射浓度为5×106/ml的MSCs悬液1 ml,对照组注射等体积磷酸盐缓冲液.建模后第15天,分离各组大鼠眼部细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测干扰素-γ、白细胞介素-17和叉状头螺旋转录因子3阳性细胞的比例.采用混合线性模型进行重复测量资料的方差分析统计临床评分;独立样本t检验统计流式细胞检测结果.结果 建模后第6天,虹膜血管轻度扩张充血;第9天前房轻度混浊,瞳孔缩小,对光反射消失;第12天前房混浊,瞳孔膜闭,眼底红光反射变暗甚至消失;之后炎症反应逐渐减轻.第11～15天,MSCs治疗组临床评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.42、2.21、4.16、5.24、4.03,P＜0.05).流式细胞仪检测结果显示,MSCs治疗可以显著减少眼部CD4-T细胞、Th1细胞和Th17细胞比例以及增加调节性T细胞比例.结论 MSCs治疗可以减轻EAU的临床表现;减少CD4+T细胞向眼部浸润,下调眼部效应性Th1细胞、Th17细胞以及上调调节性T细胞.     

口服免疫耐受预防实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎中细胞因子网络的研究

目的 观察口服免疫耐受预防大鼠实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎(EAU)过程中血清以及脾细胞培养上清液中的Th1类细胞因子干扰素（IFN）-γ、白细胞介素（IL）-2和Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-10表达水平。方法 Lewis大鼠72只随机分为EAU组、口服视网膜S抗原10、100μg组和1、10 mg组、对照组，每组各12只大鼠。其中，EAU组用视网膜S抗原50μg和弗氏完全佐剂免疫诱导EAU模型，口服10、100 μg组和1、10 mg组，分别插管喂饲视网膜S抗原10、100 μg，1、10 mg和1 mg胰蛋白酶抑制剂的混合液1 ml，隔日1次，共7次，然后按上述方法诱导EAU；对照组插管喂饲磷酸盐缓冲液和1 mg胰蛋白酶抑制剂的混合液1 ml，隔日1次，共7次，然后诱导EAU。观察每组大鼠眼部EAU的临床表现。在EAU高峰期取大鼠眼球，进行病理分级。同时取大鼠血清，分离脾细胞，培养后取上清液，用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清以及脾细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10细胞因子的水平。结果 100μg、1 mg组血清中Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2浓度降低，Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的浓度增高，与EAU组和对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（F=51.9, 68.8, 35.7,7.5,P＜0.01）；10 μg、10 mg组血清中Th1、Th2类细胞因子与EAU组和空白对照组比较，差异无统计学意义。与EAU组和空白对照组相比，100 μg、1 mg组大鼠脾细胞培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2的浓度降低，Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的浓度增高，与EAU组和对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（F=57.1,15.6,33.1,167.7, P＜0.01）；10 μg、10 mg组大鼠脾细胞培养上清液血清中Th1、Th2类细胞因子与EAU组和空白对照组比较，差异无统计学意义。结论 口服免疫耐受预防EAU过程中，Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2的表达降低，而Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的表达增高。口服过高或过低剂量抗原不能预防EAU，细胞因子的表达水平也无明显改变。提示细胞因子在口服免疫耐受预防EAU的过程中起到重要作用。     

雷帕霉素对大鼠实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎的治疗作用

背景雷帕霉素不仅具有抗菌作用,而且是一种良好的免疫抑制剂,可用于多种自身免疫性疾病的治疗．对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎（EAU）的治疗作用是目前研究的热点之一。目的研究雷帕霉素对EAU的治疗作用,并观察雷帕霉素对EAU各免疫细胞群炎性因子表达的影响。方法25只Lewis大鼠采用随机数字表法分为EAU组（20只）和正常对照组（5只）。光感受器间维生素A类结合蛋白（IRBP）R16肽段与完全氟氏佐剂充分乳化后于Lewis大鼠后足皮下注射以建立EAU模型,EAU模型鼠再按分层随机的原则分为模型对照组和雷帕霉素组,每组10只大鼠。雷帕霉素组造模后即应用O．2mg／（kg·d）雷帕霉素（0．4m1）腹腔内连续注射7d,模型对照组及正常对照组大鼠采用等体积的生理盐水进行腹腔内注射。造模后第4天开始每日裂隙灯下观察大鼠EAU的症状,造模后第14天制备大鼠视网膜切片,以苏木精-伊红染色法进行组织病理学观察,参照Caspi的标准对EAU症状及组织病理学分级进行评分。应用免疫组织化学染色法检测各组大鼠视网膜中炎性因子干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）的表达情况。结果造模后6d模型对照组大鼠EAU炎症评分逐渐升高,12d达到高峰,然后逐渐下降。雷帕霉素组大鼠EAU炎症评分变化呈现相同的趋势,但各时间点EAU炎症评分均明显低于模型对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。视网膜组织病理学研究表明,模型对照组大鼠视网膜结构紊乱,大量炎性细胞浸润,组织病理学评分为3．30±0．48,而雷帕霉素组视网膜结构接近正常,组织学评分为0．90±0．45,差异有统计学意义（t=16．541,P〈0．01）。雷帕霉素组IFN-γ、IL-17在大鼠视网膜中的表达量（A值）分别为21．16±4．23和49．86±6．59,明显低于模型对照组的62．14±7．32和124．85±6．33,差异均有统计学意义（q=33．334、q=56．923,P〈0．01）。结论雷帕霉素通过抑制EAU视网膜中IFN-γ、IL-17等炎性因子的表达而对EAU发挥治疗作用,其机制可能是通过抑制Th1、Th17细胞群来实现的。     

龙胆泻肝汤对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎大鼠M1/M2巨噬细胞极化平衡的调控作用

目的 探讨龙胆泻肝汤(Longdan Xiegan decoction,LXD)对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎(EAU)大鼠M1/M2巨噬细胞极化平衡的调控作用.方法 将48只雌性Lewis大鼠随机分为正常对照组、EAU模型组和LXD干预组,其中EAU模型组和LXD干预组大鼠首先诱导并建立EAU模型,LXD干预组大鼠每天给...     

龙胆泻肝汤抑制Notch信号通路活化对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎大鼠Th1、Th2细胞分化的影响

目的　探讨龙胆泻肝汤（LXD）对Notch信号通路活化的抑制作用及其对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎（EAU）大鼠Th1、Th2细胞分化的影响。方法　将30只Lewis大鼠随机分为正常对照组、EAU模型组和LXD干预组,其中EAU模型组、LXD干预组大鼠均诱导EAU,LXD干预组大鼠造模后使用LXD每天灌胃处理,EAU模型组和正常对照组大鼠给予等量生理盐水灌胃。干预后12 d分离三组大鼠的脾脏、淋巴结和眼组织,Q-PCR检测Rbpj基因的表达,ELISA检测Rbpj、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-4（IL-4）蛋白的表达,流式细胞仪检测各组织中Th1、Th2细胞的表达水平,分析Th1/Th2细胞比例的变化。结果　干预后12 d,Q-PCR检测发现,与正常对照组大鼠相比, Rbpj mRNA在EAU模型组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结和眼组织中均呈显著上调表达(均为P<0.001);与EAU模型组相比,LXD干预组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结和眼组织中Rbpj mRNA相对表达水平均显著降低(均为P<0.01)。ELISA检测结果发现,EAU模型组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结和眼组织中Rbpj和IFN-γ蛋白表达水平均明显高于正常对照组,IL-4蛋白表达水平均明显低于正常对照组（均为P＜0.05);相比于EAU模型组,LXD干预组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结以及眼组织中Rbpj IFN-γ蛋白表达水平均显著降低,IL-4蛋白表达水平均显著升高（均为P＜0.05)。流式细胞仪检测发现,与正常对照组相比,EAU模型组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结和眼组织中Th1细胞水平均明显升高,Th2细胞水平均明显降低,Th1/Th2细胞比例失衡（均为P＜0.05）;与EAU模型组相比,LXD干预组大鼠各组织中Th1细胞水平均明显下降,Th2细胞水平均明显升高,两者细胞比例逐渐恢复均衡（均为P<0.01)。结论　LXD可通过下调EAU大鼠Notch信号通路转录因子Rbpj的表达水平抑制Notch信号通路的活化,显著促进EAU大鼠中Th1/Th2细胞比例恢复平衡并改善免疫微环境,从而达到治疗葡萄膜炎的目的。     

口服耐受对自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎影响的实验研究

目的 观察口服牛视网膜S抗原对人S抗原多肽-35诱发的实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎(EAU)的影响.设计实验性对照研究.研究对象20只雌性纯种Lewis大鼠.方法 用人S抗原多肽-35诱发EAU,提纯牛视网膜S抗原诱导口服耐受,分高剂量组(2 mg/次)和低剂量组(0.2 mg/次),同时设实验对照组(胎牛血清蛋白).主要指标EAU发病情况和脾组织白介素-4(IL-4)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的表达水平.结果 口服高剂量组的Lewis大鼠的EAU发病情况较实验对照组有显著减轻(P＜0.05),而且口服高剂量组Lewis大鼠脾组织IL-4的表达水平则高于实验对照组(F=4.214,P=0.017).结论 口服高剂量牛视网膜S抗原诱导的免疫耐受町以成功抑制人S抗原多肽-35诱发的实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎.(眼科,2008,17:250-253)     

BMSCs与曲安奈德治疗兔实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎的疗效比较

背景 葡萄膜炎多由自身免疫反应所致,以往多应用糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂进行治疗,但存在药物依赖和眼压升高的风险及其他不良反应.骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在抗炎、抑制新生血管方面具有较好的作用,且具有低免疫原性和免疫调节功能,但其在葡萄膜炎治疗方面的研究较少. 目的 比较BMSCs和曲安奈德（TA）对兔实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎（EAU）的治疗效果.方法 从5只新西兰大白兔股骨和胫骨骨髓中分离、培养BMSCs并进行传代,用流式细胞技术检测细胞表面抗原CD105、CD34和CD45的表达以鉴定细胞,取第3～4代细胞用于实验.将32只新西兰大白兔采用随机数字表法随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、BMSCs干预组和TA干预组.正常对照组不进行任何处理,其余3个组用质量分数2％牛血清蛋白（BSA）静脉注射和玻璃体腔内注射法建立EAU模型.造模成功后24 h,模型对照组经右眼玻璃体腔内注射0.1 ml PBS; BMSCs干预组以同样方法注射0.1 ml BMSCs悬液,细胞密度为2×106个/ml;TA干预组注射0.1 ml（4 mg）TA.于眼部注射后15d每隔3天裂隙灯显微镜下观察实验兔的眼前节表现,并参照Caspi的标准进行炎症评分;利用眼底彩色照相法及眼部B型超声检查法观察各组兔眼后节表现;于眼部注射后30 d处死实验兔,制备眼组织标本,进行常规组织病理学检查,参照Caspi的标准进行视网膜病理学评分;于眼部注射后每隔3天取各组兔的房水0.1ml及外周血3 ml,采用ELISA法检测兔血清及房水中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的质量浓度.结果 培养的细胞生长状态良好,呈梭形,CD105＋细胞占96.8％,CD34^＋和CD45^＋细胞分别占2.1％和3.5％.正常对照组眼前节、眼后节检查及视网膜组织病理学检查未发现异常.与模型对照组比较,BMSCs干预组和TA干预组兔眼低炎症评分的眼数明显增加,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=7.25,P=0.01;χ^2=7.37     

实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎大鼠的发病特点

背景 Lewis大鼠是建立实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎（EAU）动物模型的常用种系,对其发病特点,尤其是EAU大鼠眼部超微结构改变的研究尚未见报道. 目的 观察EAU大鼠的发病体征及其眼部超微结构的改变. 方法 选取SPF级6～8周龄雌性Lewis大鼠18只,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组6只和模型组12只.模型组大鼠后肢足底、两侧腹壁和躯干上皮下各注射含有光感受器间维生素A类结合蛋白（IRBP,1177-1191）和结核菌素（TB）的完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）乳化液,对照组大鼠不作处理.注射后观察两组大鼠饮食、体温和活动情况,每天裂隙灯显微镜下观察大鼠眼部炎症表现,于免疫后12d获取大鼠眼组织标本,对虹膜、睫状体和视网膜进行常规组织病理学检查,并分别在扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察虹膜、睫状体和视网膜的超微结构改变.结果 模型组大鼠免疫后采食量为（190.00± 18.03）g,明显少于对照组的（285.33±28.02）g,差异有统计学意义（t=4.955,P=0.012）;模型组和对照组大鼠的饮水量分别为（241.67±18.56）ml和（289.67±18.18）ml,差异有统计学意义（t=3.201,P=0.033）;模型组大鼠体温升高,精神倦怠.裂隙灯显微镜下观察发现,模型组大鼠免疫后6d出现虹膜充血、前房积脓和瞳孔膜闭,免疫后12d眼部炎症最严重,炎症评分为（3.83±0.41）分,而对照组大鼠眼前节未见异常.组织病理学检查发现,模型组大鼠前房、虹膜、睫状体组织和玻璃体腔内均可见大量淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和单核巨噬细胞浸润.扫描电子显微镜下可见模型组大鼠虹膜肌纤维粗细不均,睫状体上皮表面粗糙及RPE细胞绒毛疏松.透射电子显微镜下观察可见,模型组大鼠虹膜单核巨噬细胞浸润,睫状体上皮细胞膜褶皱蓬松及排列紊乱,视网膜Müller细胞中有髓样小体,RPE细胞中有线粒体空泡出现,而对照组大鼠虹膜、睫状体及     

IRBPR16多肽的合成及其致葡萄膜视网膜炎活性的探讨

目的 探讨光感受器间维生素A类结合蛋白（IRBP）的R16多肽片段的致葡萄膜视网膜炎活性。设计实验研究。研究对象36只Lewis大鼠。方法应用Fmoc法合成并纯化牛IRBPR16多肽片段,以诱导实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎（EAU）模型,并对该模型进行临床观察和组织学检查。培养EAU大鼠的引流淋巴结细胞,测定淋巴细胞增殖反应。各实验同时建立单纯弗式完全佐剂（CFA）免疫组和空白对照组。主要指标多肽分析,视网膜形态学,淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果合成的IRBPR16多肽片段纯度为95．6％。应用IRBPR16多肽片段作为抗原免疫Lewis大鼠,可成功诱导出EAU模型。EAU的临床分级为（3．33±0．52）级,病理分级为（3．67±0．92）级;CFA组和空白对照组大鼠眼部均无异常改变。EAU组大鼠引流淋巴结中抗原特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应增强,为（33．27±7．24）×10^cpm,显著高于CFA组[（1．91±1．16）×10^3cpm]和空白对照组[（1．23±0．51）×10^3cpm]（P〈0．05）。结论IRBPR16多肽片段具有较强的致葡萄膜视网膜炎活性,引流淋巴结抗原特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应增强。IRBPR16多肽诱导的EAU为研究人类葡萄膜视网膜炎提供了一个重要的动物模型。     

Antigen-specific suppressor cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Anti-I-A antibodies, administered in vivo at the time of S-antigen injection, suppress development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in Lewis rats. While the effects of anti-I-A are profound, the exact mechanism for this suppression is unknown. We attempted adoptive transfer of this form of suppression by injecting lymphocytes from anti-I-A-treated animals into syngeneic recipients which were later injected with S-antigen. Histologically, globes of 75% of the anti-I-A-treated animals showed no inflammation while 25% of these animals developed mild uveitis. In the group of animals which were injected with S-antigen and also received spleen cells from anti-I-A-treated rats, only 1 showed mild uveitis while the remaining 7 had no inflammation. The animals undergoing adoptive transfer of spleen cells and which were primed with an irrelevant antigen, readily developed uveitis. Suppression of S-antigen-induced EAU was abrogated by pretreatment of donor animals with cyclophosphamide. In vitro studies revealed that spleen cells of S-antigen-primed, anti-I-A-treated donors specifically suppressed lymphocyte responses to S-antigen. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that generation of antigen-specific suppressor cells play a role in the anti-I-A immunotherapy of EAU.     

龙胆泻肝汤抑制葡萄膜炎大鼠Notch信号通路活化的作用

目的　探讨龙胆泻肝汤（Longdan Xiegan Decoction，LXD）对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎（experimental autoimmune uveitis，EAU）大鼠Notch信号通路活化的抑制作用及其对辅助性T细胞17（T helper 17，Th17）和调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell，Treg）表达水平的影响。方法　随机将雌性Lewis大鼠分为正常对照（NC）组、EAU模型组、LXD干预组。EAU模型组和LXD干预组大鼠诱导EAU，免疫后LXD干预组大鼠每天给予LXD灌胃处理，EAU模型组大鼠给予等量生理盐水灌胃。免疫后12 d观察大鼠眼部炎症表现，取三组大鼠眼球进行病理切片，观察病理学变化；实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative polymerase chain reaction，QT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附实验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测免疫后12 d三组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结及眼组织中Notch1、DLL4、白细胞介素10（interleukin 10,IL-10）和IL-17 mRNA及蛋白的表达；流式细胞仪检测三组大鼠各组织中Th17、Treg细胞的表达。结果　病理检查结果表明，LXD对EAU大鼠眼部组织结构有明显的保护作用。QT-PCR和ELISA检测结果发现，与NC组相比，LXD干预组大鼠脾脏、淋巴结和眼组织中Notch1、DLL4、IL-10、IL-17 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高，但除IL-10外，其他明显低于EAU模型组（均为P<0.05）；流式细胞仪检测结果发现，EAU模型组大鼠的各组织中Th17/Treg比例均高于NC组，经LXD干预后，Th17细胞表达水平下降，Treg表达水平升高，两者比例趋向平衡。结论　LXD可有效降低EAU大鼠脾脏、淋巴结、眼组织中Notch1、DLL4、IL-10和IL-17 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平，改善Th17/Treg细胞比例的平衡，从而有效减轻EAU大鼠的眼部炎症，保护眼部组织结构，调节全身及眼部的免疫状态。     

实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎眼球中自然杀伤细胞的致炎作用及其机制

背景 实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎(EAU)是葡萄膜炎常见的动物模型,自然杀伤(NK)细胞是一种强烈的致炎细胞,但其在EAU中的作用及其机制仍有待研究. 目的 探讨EAU模型大鼠不同发病阶段视网膜组织中NK细胞的定位和分布及其机制.方法 将36只SPF级Lewis大鼠应用随机数字表法随机分成对照组和造模后第6、9、12、16、21天组,每组各6只.造模后第6、9、12、16、21天组大鼠采用光感受器间维生素A类结合蛋白(IRBP)联合5 mg/ml结核杆菌和完全福氏佐剂(CFA)乳化液双后足垫皮下注射,然后腹腔内注射400 ng百日咳毒素免疫大鼠建立EAU大鼠模型.对照组大鼠双后足垫皮下注射生理盐水与等容量CFA乳化液,然后腹腔内注射400 ng百日咳毒素.造模后每天用裂隙灯显微镜观察大鼠眼前段炎症反应过程,根据Caspi方法进行眼部炎症症状评分.分别于造模后第6、9、12、16、21天摘取各组大鼠眼球,采用苏木精-伊红染色法检测各组大鼠视网膜炎症反应和组织结构形态学改变;采用免疫荧光双标法检测大鼠视网膜中NK细胞的分布及浸润情况.另取25只Lewis大鼠应用随机数字表法随机分为造模后第0、3、6、9和12天组,每组5只大鼠,电动匀浆机破裂组织并匀浆为眼内液,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠眼内液中NK细胞趋化因子CXCL10 mRNA和CXCL12 mRNA的表达. 结果 对照组大鼠眼前节未发现炎症反应.造模后第6天组大鼠虹膜血管扩张,随着造模后时间延长虹膜血管扩张明显,前房逐渐出现渗出或积脓,造模后第12天炎症反应达峰.视网膜组织病理学检查显示,对照组大鼠视网膜组织结构排列整齐,各EAU模型组大鼠造模后随时间延长均出现不同程度的视网膜结构排列紊乱,外核层细胞分离,层间组织松散,视细胞水肿且有炎性细胞浸润,以造模后第12天组最为严重.免疫荧光双标记显示对照组仅见蓝色标记的细胞核,视网膜各层细胞排列规则;造模后第6天组开始可见大鼠视网膜内层大量NK细胞浸润,呈红色荧光,随时间延长逐渐增加,造模后第9天组NK细胞浸润达峰.造模后第9天组大鼠视网膜中CXCL10 mRNA相对表达量为34.298±16.689,明显高于造模后第3、6、12天组的1.390±0.660、3.359±2.581和4.711±1.387,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);各组大鼠视网膜中CXCL12 mRNA相对表达量的总体比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.851,P＞0.05). 结论 EAU大鼠发病早期视网膜中NK细胞浸润,其严重程度和视网膜中CXCL10的表达动态与EAU炎症发展过程相吻合,提示NK细胞在EAU的早期炎症过程中发挥重要作用,CXCL10是NK细胞的主要趋化因子.     

Anti-Ia antibody diminishes ocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis

An experimental model of inflammatory eye disease, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), was established by injecting rats in the footpad with S-antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. This model system was used to evaluate the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens (Ia) in the pathogenesis of this T cell mediated disease. One day prior to S-antigen priming, rats were injected with either anti-Ia antibodies or with mouse ascites. Clinical and histopathological analysis of eyes from rats treated with anti-Ia antibody showed less ocular inflammation as well as a delay in onset of EAU when compared to controls (p = 0.01). Furthermore, immunocytochemical evaluation demonstrated that tissue obtained from animals receiving anti-Ia therapy also expressed less Ia antigen, as well as a diminution in the number of infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes. These data show that anti-Ia treatment significantly modifies the course of EAU in the rat. In addition, this study suggests that MHC class II antigen expression may be involved in the initiation and continuation of immune responses that results in ocular inflammatory diseases.     

Suppression of experimental uveitis in rats by anti-I-A antibodies

I-region-associated (Ia) class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products are known to play a major role in autoimmunity. Effects of anti-I-A and anti-I-E monoclonal antibodies on development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) were investigated in Lewis rats. Prior to sensitization with S-antigen, seven groups of rats, six in each group, were injected intraperitoneally with one of the following agents. Groups 1, 2, and 3 (controls) received saline, RPMI and mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG), respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were injected with anti-I-E antibodies, 80 micrograms and 1000 micrograms, respectively. Similarly, groups 6 and 7 received anti-I-A, 100 micrograms and 750 micrograms, respectively. The treatments were repeated on days 1, 2, 5, 8, and 11 after S-antigen injection. All these animals were killed on day 18. In addition, two groups of rats sensitized with S-antigen were treated with 750 micrograms anti-I-A antibodies on days 5, 6, and 7 (group 8) and on days 7, 8 and 9 (group 9). An additional group (group 10) of Lewis rats was treated with 750 micrograms anti-I-A 1 day prior to and on days 1 and 2 after S-antigen injection. These group-10 animals were killed on day 31. Histopathologically, the enucleated globes of animals treated with high dose anti-I-A revealed marked suppression or inhibition of uveitis development. Such inhibition was virtually complete when the antibody was administered within a week of S-antigen injection, and the inhibitory effect lasted for at least 31 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Response of guinea pigs to the synthetic peptide-M of the uveitogenic, retinal S-antigen: antisera immunofluorescent reactivity on normal guinea pig retina

S-antigen can elicit an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and pinealitis (EAP) in experimental animals. The sera of these animals have immunohistochemical reactivity with the photoreceptor cells of normal retina and pinealocytes. Lewis rats injected with the synthetic peptide-M corresponding to a specific sequence of S-antigen also develop an EAU and EAP. In this study we have investigated the immunohistochemical reactivity pattern of sera of guinea pigs injected with peptide-M. We found reactivity in the area of Muller's cells of normal guinea pig retina. Some of the sera showed weak reactivity with retina photoreceptors cells and pinealocytes. These patterns of reactivity are not seen in control sera of uninjected or saline in adjuvant injected guinea pigs. These results are consistent with observations of experimental and human uveitides.     

Rat models of autoimmune uveitis

Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in Lewis rats is a well-established model for human uveitis. During the last years we used this model to demonstrate extraocular induction of uveitis by antigenic mimicry of environmental antigens with retinal autoantigen and investigated the migration and intraocular reactivation of autoreactive green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ T cells. We could also elaborate several differences between EAU induced with S-antigen peptide PDSAg or R14, a peptide derived from interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, suggesting two differently regulated diseases in the same rat strain. R14-mediated EAU in Lewis rats has been shown to relapse, thus we have a new model to test therapeutic approaches in an ongoing immune response instead of just preventing disease. Finally, we show antigenic mimicry of PDSAg and an HLA-B peptide for oral tolerance induction. After the successful first therapeutic trial this approach will now proceed with international multicenter clinical trials.     

Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is upregulated in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis

Purpose To study the expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and its association with T cell effector function in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU).Methods Eighteen Lewis rats were immunized by retinal S-antigen (50 μg) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Twelve normal rats served as normal controls and 18 receiving injection of CFA and PBS as CFA controls for studying the influence of CFA on the expression of ICOS in CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells. ICOS expression on cells from the spleens, inguinal nodes and retinae on day 0 (normal rats), 7, 13 and 21 was investigated using fluorescent quantitative real-time-PCR and Western blot. Expression of B7RP-1, an ICOS ligand, was also studied by Western blot. The phenotype of the cells from the aforementioned three tissues was identified with flow cytometry using antibodies to ICOS, CD4 and CD25. ICOS⁺ cells from the lymph nodes, and spleens on day 13 were magnetically sorted and cultured with S-antigen to study the cytokines production with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Result An obvious uveitis was induced in all the immunized rats on day 13 after S-antigen immunization. The mRNA and protein of ICOS were scarcely detectable in normal rat spleens. In EAU rats, an up-regulation of ICOS could be observed on day 7 and was very pronounced on day 13, followed by a decrease on day 21 in the spleens, draining nodes and retinae. Similarly, B7RP-1 expression seemed to be up-regulated during EAU. Flow cytometry showed that ICOS⁺ cells were mostly CD4 positive. Kinetics of ICOS⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells was similar to that of ICOS⁺ cells. CFA alone was also able to induce increased expression of ICOS in CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells. IFN-γ was secreted predominantly by ICOS⁺ T cells.Conclusion ICOS expression is upregulated in association with T cell effector capacity in EAU. It is presumed that the ICOS/B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway may play a role in the development of EAU.This study is supported by the Fund for Innovative Research Groups of China (30321004), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education in China (20030558077).