国产柱晶白霉素的临床效果探讨

选择呼吸道、尿道、口腔、耳等部位感染及钩体病非重症者70例(病原学阳性75.7％)。随机以国产柱晶白霉素治疗40例及红霉素治疗30例对照观察。柱晶白霉素组420mg一日三次。3～21日痊愈～显效率76％,无效12.5％,清除革兰氏阳性球菌为90.1％,且对耐红霉素者多敏感,而革兰氏阴性杆菌耐药,对淋球菌效果差,仅有消化道反应7.5％。红霉素组375mg,一日三次,3～30日痊愈～显效率77.4％,无效9.7％,清除革兰氏阳性球菌81.3％,对丙型链球菌和淋球菌效果差,消化道反应为23.3％。显示柱晶白霉素是一种安全、有效的抗生素,特别适于门诊应用。     

国产培氟沙星临床疗效观察

本文用国产培氟沙星对多种感染性疾病进行临床疗效观察。采用随机分组对照,治疗各种感染38例,并于同期用头孢氨苄治疗呼吸道感染,诺氟沙星治疗肠道及泌尿道感染36例进行比较。培氟沙星治疗呼吸道、肠道及泌尿道感染的临床有效率分别为90％、92.9％和88.9％,细菌阴转率为100％、100％和88.9％;使用头孢氨苄和诺氟沙星的对照组临床有效率分别为90％、57.1％和77.8％,细菌阴转率为100％,78.5％和77.8％。结果显示培氟沙星在肠道感染中疗效优于对照组,其它各组疗效与对照组无显著差异。本品副反应发生率为16.2％。     

罗红霉素乳膏的制备及质量控制

罗红霉素（roxithormycin,Rox）又名罗希红霉素,由法国罗素优克福公司开发,为半合成的14元环大环内酯类抗生素,是红霉素c9位结构改造的衍生物,化学名为9E-[0-（2-甲氧乙氧基）-甲基肟]红霉素。抗菌作用机制为抑制细菌蛋白质合成,体外抗菌活性与红霉素相似,体内抗菌作用比红霉素强1～4倍。对化脓性链球菌、肺炎双球菌、淋病奈瑟菌、消化链球菌、消化球菌及对红霉素敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌等有较好的抗菌作用,对肺炎支原体、衣原体及军团菌等特殊病原体引起的呼吸道感染、咽炎、喉炎、皮肤软组织感染是首选药物。为了增加局部患处的药物浓度,笔者研制了罗红霉素乳膏剂,现报告如下。     

国产培氟沙星临床疗效观察

本文用国产培氟沙星对多种感染性疾病进行临床疗效观察。采用随机分组对照,治疗各种感染38例,并于同期用头孢氨苄治疗呼吸道感染,诺氟沙星治疗肠道及泌尿道感染36例进行比较。培氟沙星治疗呼吸道、肠道及泌尿道感染的临床有效率分别为90％、92.9％和88.9％,细菌阴转率为100％、100％和88.9％;使用头孢氨苄和诺氟沙星的对照     

头孢西丁与头孢美唑随机对照治疗细菌性感染124例临床评价

本研究采用随机对照临床设计评价头孢西丁治疗呼吸道，泌尿道需氧菌感染及口腔间隙厌氧菌感染的临床疗效，细菌学效果及安全性，并与头孢美唑对照，试验组６２例中呼吸道感染２５例，泌尿道感染２７例，口腔间隙感染１０例，细菌阳性率为８８．７％，对照组６２例中呼吸道感染２７例，泌尿道感染２５例，口腔内隙感染１０例，细菌阳性率为８３．９％，结果头孢西丁２ｇ，每日每次静脉给药各系统感染的总有效率为９０．３％，细菌阴转     

珠海地区小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌变迁及耐药性分析

目的 探讨儿科下呼吸道感染病原菌变迁及耐药性,指导临床合理选用抗生素.方法 对1260例下呼吸道感染患儿痰标本行常规培养及药敏试验.结果 4647份痰标本共分离出病原菌1067株,其中G+球菌554株(52％),G-杆菌417株(39％),真菌96株(9％).G+球菌中肺炎链球菌居首位,占51.2％.C-杆菌中大肠埃希菌居首位,占31.9％.肺炎链球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感(100％),对红霉素和复方新诺明高度耐药(＞80％);大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的敏感性最高(＞90％),对氨苄两林、头孢呋辛等常用抗生素产生了较高耐药性(＞50％).结论 珠海地区小儿下呼吸道感染的细菌谱以G+球菌为主,以万古霉素利奈唑胺耐药率最低;G-杆菌以亚胺培南的耐药率最低.     

阿奇霉素和左氧氟沙星治疗下呼吸道感染50例临床分析

目的 :探讨阿奇霉素和左氧氟沙星治疗下呼吸道感染的临床价值。方法 :对 5 0例下呼吸道感染住院患者静脉滴注 10 %葡萄糖注射液 (或生理盐水 ) 2 5 0 m L+阿奇霉素 0 .5 g及左氧氟沙星注射液 2 0 0 m g,每日 1次观察疗效。痰培养细菌阳性率 72 % ,下呼吸道感染以 G- 杆菌为主 ,主要有大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌 ,G+ 球菌几乎占一半 (4 8.3% ) ,G+ 球菌有增多趋势 ,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌及表皮葡萄球菌。结果 :显效 2 6例 ,有效 2 2例 ,临床有效率 91% ,无效率 4% ,细菌清除率 86.1% ,其药敏率 86.1% ,与泰能药敏率 91.7%相比 ,P>0 .0 5 ,两者疗效相同。结论 :阿奇霉素与左氧氟沙星联合应用治疗下呼吸道感染临床疗效良好 ,对 G+ 球菌、G- 杆菌均有协同作用 ,抗菌谱可互补 ,减少了细菌耐药 ,有助于临床合理使用抗生素     

Cefditoren pivoxil治疗细菌性感染临床评价

通过随机双盲对照试验及开放试验评价ＭＥ－１２０７治疗细菌性感染８８例的临床疗效，细菌学效果及其安全性，结果显示，ＭＥ－１２０７治疗呼吸道，泌尿道敏感菌感染临床有效率，细菌阴转率及细菌清除率与对照药头孢克肟无显著差异，开放试验进一步证实ＭＥ－１２０７对呼吸道，泌尿道及皮肤软组织感染均有满意的临床疗效及细菌学效果，体外细菌药敏结果显示ＭＥ－１２０７对各种产酶及非产酶的Ｇ＾球菌，Ｇ杆菌有强大的抗菌活性，     

罗红霉素体外抗菌作用的研究

本文研究了国产罗红霉素对３９１株临床分离菌的体外抗菌作用。研究结果表明，国产罗红霉素的抗菌作用与进口罗红霉素一致。罗红霉素对红霉素敏感的金葡球菌、表葡球菌、化脓链球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、淋病奈瑟氏球菌及厌氧菌有较好的抗菌作用，其ＭＩＣ５０分别为０．１２５、０．１２５、１、１、４、４、０．１２５、０．０６２ｍｇ／Ｌ，细菌接种量对国产罗红霉素的体外抗菌作用因菌种不同而异，金葡球菌和表     

3种革兰阳性球菌耐药性与头孢噻肟、红霉素用药频度的相关性分析

目的调查金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、粪肠球菌分别对头孢噻肟、红霉素耐药性，及以上两药用药频度，探讨用药频度和耐药性之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析，收集2002-2006年3种球菌药敏试验资料及两药使用量，计算出耐药率和两药的用药频度（DDDs），对耐药率与用药频度进行相关性分析。结果金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、粪肠球菌对头孢瞳肟耐药率增幅分别为16．2％、9．0％、12．6％，对红霉素耐药率增幅分别为13．7％、10．0％、9．6％；3种球菌耐药率变化对头孢噻肟用药频度呈显著正相关（r分别为0．92、0．90、0．92，P≤0．05），对红霉素用药频度相关性没有统计学意义（r分别为0．42、0．57、0．52；P〉0．05），红霉素用量呈下降趋势，但耐药率仍呈增长。结论3种球菌对头孢噻肟、红霉素的耐药率全部呈增长趋势，耐药率变化对头孢噻肟用药频度呈显著正相关。对红霉素用药频度相关性无统计学意义。     

Clinical evaluation of cefdinir 5% fine granules in pediatrics]

Clinical evaluation in pediatrics on cefdinir (CFDN, FK482) (5% fine granules), a new oral cephem, was performed. 1. CFDN was administered to 112 pediatric patients with ages between 1 month to 13 years with various infections. Dose levels used were 3.0-8.9 mg/kg (mean 5.1 mg/kg) t.i.d. for 3-14 days (mean 6.7 days). The studied patients included 2 patients with scarlet fever, 6 with acute pharyngitis, 6 with acute rhinopharyngitis, 52 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 8 with acute bronchitis, 24 with acute pneumonia, 7 with acute urinary tract infections, 1 with acute vaginitis, and 6 with impetigo. Total doses ranged from 0.6 to 4.05 g. One hundred eleven of the 112 patients were evaluated for clinical efficacy and all the patients were evaluated for safety. 2. Clinical effects were excellent in 51 cases, good in 57, and fair in 3 with an extremely high efficacy rate of 97.3%. Efficacy rates were 100% in scarlet fever, acute pharyngitis, acute purulent tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, acute vaginitis and impetigo, and 83.3%, 95.7%, 85.7% in acute rhinopharyngitis, acute pneumonia, and acute urinary tract infections, respectively. Good clinical effects were observed regardless of diseases. 3. Causative organisms were identified in 79 cases, of which 71 were found to be monobacterial infections and 8 were found to be multi-bacterial infections. In mono-bacterial infections, clinical efficacies were 100% for those caused by Staphylococcus aureus/Streptococcus pyogenes/Streptococcus pneumoniae/beta-Streptococcus except those in A and B groups with an overall efficacy of 100% against Gram-positive cocci (GPC) and they were 89.5%, 100%, 100% for those caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Escherichia coli, respectively, with an overall efficacy of 90.3% in Gram-negative rods (GNR). In multi-bacterial infections also, a clinical efficacy of 100% was obtained. 4. Bacteriological effects were studied for 89 strains in the 79 cases. The eradication rate for a few strains of S. pneumoniae was low, 25%, but it was 100% for S. aureus, with the same results for S. pyogenes, and beta-Streptococcus. The eradication rate on GPC was high 94.1%. Among GNR, 66.7% of E. coli, 50.0% of H. influenzae, and 71.4% of H. parainfluenzae was eradicated. The overall eradication rate for GNR was 55.3%, lower than that for GPC. Microbial substitutions were observed in 13 cases, with Haemophilus sp. replacing other bacteria. 5. Diarrhea and soft stools were noted in 4 and 2 patients, respectively. The severity of these side effects, however, was slight and it was possible to continue the CFDN treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾随机对照治疗急性细菌性感染的临床试验

目的 评价阿莫西林/舒巴坦新戊酰氧甲酯治疗急性呼吸系及泌尿系细菌性感染的有效性和安全性. 方法 采用随机双盲双模拟平行对照方法,比较阿莫西林/舒巴坦新戊酰氧甲酯与阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾的临床疗效.急性细菌感染性疾病患者41例（其中急性呼吸系感染21例,急性泌尿系感染20例）,随机分为两组.治疗组19例,给予阿莫西林/舒巴坦新戊酰氧甲酯,每次0.5 g,po,q 8 h,共7～14 d.对照组22例,给予阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾,每次0.75 g,po,q 8 h,共7～14 d. 结果 治疗组与对照组临床有效率分别为94.7%（18/19）和90.9%（20/22）,细菌清除率分别为 91.7%和93.3% .经统计学处理,上述指标差异均无显著性（均P>0.05）.不良反应发生分别为4例和2例. 结论 阿莫西林/舒巴坦新戊酰氧甲酯对于由敏感菌引起的轻中度急性细菌性感染是一种安全有效的抗菌药物,其临床治疗效果与阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾相近.     

巴洛沙星片治疗急性泌尿系统感染105例的随机对照研究

目的:评价国产巴洛沙星治疗急性泌尿系统感染的有效性及安全性。方法:采用多中心、随机、双盲、阳性药物平行对照研究方法。214例急性泌尿系统感染病人随机分为2组。试验组(n=105)男性22例,女性83例,年龄(40±s 14)a;对照组(n=109)男性20例,女性89例,年龄(39±12)a。试验组予巴洛沙星100 mg,对照组予左氧氟沙星100 mg,均口服,bid,疗程5～14 d。观察2组治疗前后症状、体征、尿常规、尿细菌培养等的变化。结果:试验组和对照组总治愈率、有效率分别为77.1%、96.2%和81.8%、97.3%,2组差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。2组细菌清除率为95%和94%,无显著差异(P>0.05)。2组不良反应发生率为8.2%和8.9%(P>0.05),主要表现为恶心、腹泻和转氨酶暂时性升高。结论:国产巴洛沙星可有效治疗急性泌尿系统感染。     

Bacteriological and clinical studies on norfloxacin in the field of pediatrics

Bacteriological and clinical studies on norfloxacin (NFLX) were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The MICs of NFLX against clinically isolated organisms were determined to compare with MICs of nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, cefaclor, erythromycin and fosfomycin. NFLX had low MICs against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and, particularly, showed higher antimicrobial activity to Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Campylobacter jejuni than any other drugs tested. 2. Seventeen pediatric patients (11 cases of enteritis, 4 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of tonsillitis and 1 case of pyoderma) were treated orally with NFLX in daily doses ranging from 3.1 to 16.7 mg/kg t.i.d. for 6-14 days. Rates of clinical effectiveness and bacterial elimination were 94.1% and 58.8%, respectively. 3. None of the treated children showed clinical symptoms indicating the occurrence of side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings except 1 patient with eosinophilia. These results indicate the usefulness of NFLX in the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.     

尿通卡克乃其片治疗淋证-下焦湿热证（下尿路感染）的疗效观察

目的：探讨尿通卡克乃其片治疗淋证-下焦湿热证（下尿路感染）的有效性与安全性。方法：进行分层区组随机、双盲双模拟、阳性药对照、多中心临床试验。将入选病例分为2组,治疗组（尿通卡克乃其片组）336例、对照组（三金片组）112例;治疗组脱落14例、剔除3例,对照组脱落2例、剔除3例;2组疗程均为7d。结果：尿通卡克乃其片治疗下尿路感染的有效率达99．69％,高于同类产品三金片的93．46％;尿通卡克乃其片对淋证-下焦湿热证的中医症候方面有效率为97．49％,明显高于三金片的78．50％;治疗组与对照组在临床试验中均未出现不良不良反应,也未出现不良事件。结论：尿通卡克乃其片治疗淋证-下焦湿热证（下尿路感染）安全、有效,在临床试验中未出现不良事件,具有明显的治疗优势。     

Clinical evaluation of cefixime in pediatric respiratory tract infections

Cefixime (CFIX) was evaluated clinically in pediatric respiratory tract infections, particularly those caused by Haemophilus influenzae: 1. The total number of children in this study treated with CFIX was 232, out of which 215 cases were evaluated for clinical efficacy and 224 cases were investigated for safety. A daily dosage of 3-6 mg/kg/day was given divided into 2 to 3 times daily for 3-15 days. 2. Causative organisms were identified in 146 cases, out of which 128 cases were found to be single microbial infections and 18 cases were mixed infections. In single microbial infections, clinical efficacy was 100% for those caused by H. influenzae/Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and was 95% for Streptococcus pyogenes with an overall efficacy of 96.9%. In mixed infections, the clinical efficacy was 100% for those caused by a combination of H. influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the overall rate was 94.4%. An involvement of H. influenzae was observed in 108 cases with a clinical efficacy rate of 99.1%, and definite involvement of beta-lactamase secreting strains of H. influenzae was found in 32 cases with a clinical efficacy of 96.9%. 3. Bacteriological effect was studied for 164 strains identified in 146 cases, and eradication rates were 89.5% for H. influenzae, 100% for H. parainfluenzae and S. pyogenes, and 71.4% for S. pneumoniae. The overall eradication rate was 91.4%. Superinfection was observed in 21 cases. MICs against 78 strains of H. influenzae were in a range of less than or equal to 0.10 microgram/ml regardless of beta-lactamase production, and far superior to cefaclor and amoxicillin. MICs against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae were in ranges of less than or equal to 0.10 microgram/ml and 0.39 micrograms/ml, respectively. 4. Clinical efficacy was 93.0% in 215 cases (excellent: 136, good: 64, fairly good: 10, poor: 5). CFIX attained a high efficacy in the range of 89.4-95.7% in acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis and acute pneumonia. 5. Safety was monitored in 224 cases and there were only one case of loose stool and another of diarrhea as side effects. There were no abnormal findings in 31 cases of the laboratory test. In conclusion, it was confirmed that CFIX is excellent and safe in the treatment of the respiratory tract infections.     

加替沙星治疗尿路感染100例疗效观察

目的探讨加替沙星治疗尿路感染的疗效。方法选择2009年2月至2010年6月在我院治疗的尿路感染患者200例,随机分成治疗组和对照组各100例,治疗组采用加替沙星0.4g,口服,一次/d,对照组用氟哌酸胶囊0.2g,口服,3次/d。两组疗程均为7d或14d。结果治疗组和对照组的痊愈率分别为63%和45%,有效率分别为96%和86%。两组间的总有效率差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论加替沙星治疗尿路感染效果显著,值得推广。     

乳酸环丙沙星注射剂临床疗效观察

本文采用随机对照开放临床试验,对乳酸环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CPLX)注射剂进行了临床评价,共治疗各种细菌性感染100例,其中50例与头孢噻肟钠(Cefotaxime,CTX)相对照。结果显示CPLX组与对照CTX组疗效各为91.0％和92.0％(P>0.05),无显著性差异。两组细菌清除率各为90,8％和88.6％(P>0.05),无显著性差异。不良反应分别为15％和8％。不良反应程度轻微,主要表现为注射局部反应和消化道反应,其中注射局部反应CPLX略高于CTX。体外抗菌活性表明CPLX对大多数革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌具有良好的抗菌活性。