郑州市某医院住院病人肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的为了解郑州市住院病人肠道寄生虫感染状况,尤其是人兽共患寄生虫的流行情况。方法采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、甲醛—乙酸乙酯—改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对该地区某医院住院病人4836份粪便样品进行了检查。结果检出肠道寄生虫6种,总感染率为1.26%,发现了卡耶坦氏环孢子虫感染病例,且感染率最高,为0.45%;蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、圆线虫和钩虫感染率次之;混合感染病例1例,感染率为0.02%。结论郑州市住院病人肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但机会性原虫感染病例增加,应加强健康教育,普及卫生知识,提高自我保健意识和能力,预防寄生虫病的发生和流行。     

河南省开封地区临床病人肠道寄生虫感染调查

目的了解开封地区人肠道寄生虫感染状况,尤其是机会性致病原虫和人兽共患寄生虫的流行情况。方法采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、甲醛-乙酸乙酯-改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对该地区门诊和住院病人6093份粪便样品进行了检查。结果检出肠道寄生虫8种,总感染率为1．49％,首次摸清了人环孢子虫感染的流行状况,感染率为0．85％;蓝氏贾第虫和粪类圆线虫感染率次之,分别为0．16％和0．15％;蛔虫、人隐孢子虫和阿米巴原虫感染率均为0．10％．钩虫感染率为0．08％,结肠小袋纤毛虫感染率为0．02％,混合感染感染率为0．05％。结论开封地区临床病人肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但仍应进一步开展健康教育,普及卫生知识,提高自我保健意识和自我保健能力,预防寄生虫病的发生和流行。     

衡阳地区HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道寄生虫感染现状分析

目的:了解衡阳地区HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道寄生虫感染状况及流行病学特征。方法:随机抽样衡阳地区HIV/AIDS患者开展流行病学调查,并收集其粪便检测肠道寄生虫。结果:152例HIV/AIDS患者的粪便标本中有61例合并肠道寄生虫感染,感染率为40.13%。隐孢子虫、人芽囊原虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、微孢子虫、阿米巴原虫感染率分别为13.16%、9.87%、9.21%、5.26%、2.63%,五种肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。城市与农村HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率分别为30.12%和52.17%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);卫生习惯好坏的HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率分别为33.68%和50.88%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HIV感染者和AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率分别为25.0%和52.38%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平(cells/μl),HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率有差异,200为64.81%,200~499为48.84%,≥500为9.09%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道寄生虫感染率与寄生虫的种类、卫生习惯、病程、居住环境及CD4+T淋巴细胞数量有关,而与年龄、性别、受教育程度及经济收入无关;HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫检测应列入常规检测项目。     

贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的流行病学研究进展

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫在我国的流行状况还不是很清楚,本文简单介绍了贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的特性及分类,综述了国外贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的流行状况及其分子流行病学方面的内容。     

河南省林州地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的为了解林州地区儿童肠道寄生虫的感染情况,尤其是机会性致病原虫和人兽共患寄生虫的流行情况。方法2007年10月至2008年5月,对林州地区8个乡镇进行了调查。采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法和分子生物学方法对林州地区23个调查点的1949名15岁以下儿童进行了检测。结果寄生虫总感染率为1.33%（26/1949）,共查出6种肠道寄生虫,其中原虫和蠕虫均为3种,感染率分别为0.72%和0.62%。男女寄生虫感染率分别为1.27%（14/1103）和1.42%（12/846）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。姚村镇、城郊乡、茶店乡、临淇镇、五龙镇、东姚镇、横水镇和采桑镇儿童感染率分别为1.76%、1.42%、0.83%、2.71%、0.00%、0.74%、1.45%、0.75%和1.33%,各个乡镇之间感染率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。首次摸清了林州地区儿童隐孢子虫感染的流行状况,感染率为0.15%。对分离到的1例等孢球虫进行了分子鉴定,序列分析结果显示与雀类的一种球虫Atoxoplasma sp.（AY331571）最为接近,同源性达99.4%,表明可能为鸟类粪便污染所致。结论 林州地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但仍应进一步开展健康教育,普及卫生知识,提高自我保健意识和自我保健能力。预防寄生虫病的发生和流行。     

实时荧光PCR检测蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫方法的建立

目的建立贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的基因检测方法。方法根据GenBank中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫相对保守序列,设计引物及其相应的Taqman探针。通过对引物和探针浓度、Taq酶以及反应条件等优化筛选后,建立检测贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的荧光PCR方法。结果贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的检测结果为阳性,对其它DNA样本如日本血吸虫、刚地弓形虫、溶组织内阿米巴、旋毛虫和阴道毛滴虫的检测均为阴性。本法的敏感性高,可检测到10～102copies/μl的DNA浓度。结论建立的基因检测方法,对贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的检测具有高度的特异性和敏感性,可用于饮用水和临床样本等的快速检测。     

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫病与免疫

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫病是由蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(以下简称贾第虫、贾第虫病)寄生于小肠所致的一种传染病。主要症状有腹泻、吸收障碍和体重减轻。贾第虫是人类的重要致病性原虫之一,     

平顶山市人体重点寄生虫感染现状调查与分析

为了解平顶山市人体重点寄生虫病的流行现状和规律,为本地区肠道寄生虫感染防治提供科学依据,2014—2015年按照全国第三次人体重点寄生虫病调查方案及河南省的调查方案,结合经济和地理条件进行分层整群抽样,对调查点常驻居民采用改良加藤厚涂片法和碘液涂片法分别检查肠道蠕虫和原虫感染情况,3～6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛门拭法检测蛲虫感染。结果共调查2 563人,肠道寄生虫感染74人,感染率2.89%。共检出8种肠道寄生虫,其中蠕虫5种,感染率2.46%(63/2 563);原虫3种,感染率0.43%(11/2 563)。混合感染占0.11%,均为2种虫种感染。主要肠道寄生虫为蛲虫1.13%和蛔虫0.90%。其中292名3～6岁儿童进行了透明胶纸肛拭检查,发现儿童蛲虫感染率3.77%(11/292)。结果表明,平顶山市人体寄生虫总感染率和各虫种感染率均大幅度下降,但仍需对相关人群寄生虫感染进行防治,尤其是对儿童蛲虫感染要加强防治。     

十堰地区恶性肿瘤患者隐孢子虫感染情况调查

目的调查十堰地区恶性肿瘤患者的隐孢子虫感染情况及流行特点,为恶性肿瘤患者隐孢子虫感染的防治提供依据。方法采集十堰市太和医院217例恶性肿瘤患者粪便,采用金胺酚＋改良抗酸染色法检查隐孢子虫卵囊。结果 217例肿瘤患者隐孢子虫感染率为48.85%,男性患者与女性患者隐孢子虫感染率分别为49.58%和47.96%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;化疗、放疗、化疗＋放疗患者隐孢子虫感染率分别为38.46%、37.88%和69.86%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;不同类别的肿瘤患者的隐孢子虫感染率分别是：呼吸系统为37.50%、消化系统为60.78%、乳腺为38.89%、其他（包括脑瘤、肾上腺瘤、甲状腺瘤等）为40.00%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论恶性肿瘤患者易发生隐孢子虫感染,可能与其机体的免疫功能下降有关。     

广东和云南部分地区艾滋病患者中隐孢子虫感染的调查分析

目的 了解艾滋病患者中隐孢子虫的感染状况.方法 收集广东和云南省部分地区艾滋病患者的粪便,采用改良的抗酸染色法和免疫荧光染色法检测隐孢子虫卵囊;并同时检测患者的CD4细胞计数.结果 212例艾滋病患者粪便标本中9例标本为阳性,感染率为4.25%.广东和云南的艾滋病患者隐孢子虫感染率分别为4.00%(5/126)和4.65%(4/86),两地之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);稀便与软便中的隐孢子虫卵囊检出率分别为12.00%(3/25)和3.21%(6/187),其差异无统计学意义(校正χ2=2.31,P＞0.05);男性与女性艾滋病患者隐孢子虫感染率分别为5.07%(7/138)和2.70%(2/74),其差异无统计学意义(校正χ2=0.21,P＞0.05);50～59岁组隐孢子虫感染率高于30～39岁组的感染率(校正χ2=7.15,P＜0.01);接受抗病毒治疗组与未接受治疗组艾滋病患者隐孢子虫感染率分别为1.12%(2/179)和21.21%(7/33),两者差异有统计学意义(校正χ2=18.54,P=0.0000);艾滋病晚期,尤其是CD4细胞计数少于100个/μl的患者其发病率明显提高.结论 我国南方艾滋病患者中存在着隐孢子虫感染,但发病率明显低于国外报道;艾滋病患者的便形、性别及所处地区不能预示隐孢子虫感染率;抗病毒治疗能降低隐孢子虫病感染率,艾滋病患者的隐孢子虫感染多发生在疾病的终末期.     

Intestinal helminthic infestation in children

In this study of fecal samples from 1000 children below 6 years of age, 680 (68.0%) detected to have intestinal helminthic infection. The incidence of intestinal helminthiasis in urban group of children was 56.8% (284 out of 500 tested) while in rural group of children was 79.2% (396 out of 500 tested). Both in rural and urban population Ascaris lumbricoides was the single predominant species, whereas a combination of A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was common multiple infection. All cultures of fecal samples positive for hook worm ova revealed the prevalent species as Necator americanus in this area.     

云南省德宏州陇川县拉影镇与芒市遮放镇儿童肠道寄生虫感染调查

目的对云南省德宏州陇川县拉影镇与芒市遮放镇少数民族儿童肠道寄生虫感染近况及儿童的健康状况进行调查,为该地区儿童肠道寄生虫病的普查防治工作及采用规范药物进行驱虫等防治手段提供参考。方法在拉影镇和遮放镇少数民族聚居地区分别选择一个学校的儿童,收集粪便,一份标本分别采用饱和盐水浮聚法和离心沉淀法两种浓集法检查肠道寄生虫卵。结果共检查粪便199份,肠道寄生虫感染36例,阳性率为18．09％。其中拉影镇感染率为16．16％（16／99）;遮放镇感染率为20．00％（20／100）,差异无统计学意义（P=0．243）。共检出3种肠道寄生虫卵：钩虫感染率为5．53％（11／199）;蛔虫感染率为12．06％（24／199）;带绦虫感染率为3．52％（7／199）,蛔虫感染率显著高于带绦虫,差异有统计学意义（P=0．031）。调查发现,随着母亲受教育程度的增高,儿童肠道寄生虫感染率呈下降趋势。结论两地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染率无明显差异,其中蛔虫感染率最高。有计划地在这些地区和人群中开展卫生宣教和药物驱虫,是有效降低感染率的重要措施.     

Selective criteria for the microbiological examination of faecal specimens.

To assess the effectiveness of predetermined investigation criteria for the examination of faecal samples from inpatients, cultured stool specimens were prospectively examined for Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Campylobacter spp and Clostridium difficile, and screened microscopically for intestinal parasites. Out of a total of 505 specimens, 421 (83%) fulfilled the criteria for examination for C difficile, 254 (50%) for Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, and Campylobacter spp, and 87 (17%) for intestinal parasites. Isolation rates for these organisms in those groups of patients where examination was indicated were 22.5% for C difficile and 9.1% for Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, and Campylobacter spp; the detection rate for parasites was 3.5%. In those patients where the criteria did not suggest investigation, the isolation or detection rates were 3.6% for C difficile, 0% for Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, and Campylobacter spp, and 1.7% for intestinal parasites, suggesting that the use of predetermined investigation criteria was effective.     

Helminthic infestation in children of Kupwara district: a prospective study

The present study deals with the investigation of the frequency of intestinal helminth parasites in children of Kupwara, Kashmir, India. Three hundred and twelve children in the age group of 4-15 years were examined for different intestinal helminths in three schools located in rural areas. Two hundred and twenty two of 312 (71.15%) tested positive for various intestinal helminths. The various helminth parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia saginata . By far, the highest frequency of 69.23% (216/312) was noted for Ascaris lumbricoides followed by Trichuris trichiura 30.76% (96/312), Enterobius vermicularis 7.69% (24/312) and Taenia saginata 7.69% (24/312). Single infection was found in 33.65% (105/312) and mixed infection was seen in 37.5% (117/312) children. This study emphasizes the need for improved environmental conditions, i.e., clean water supplies, enhanced sanitation and chemotherapy of school-age children in rural areas.     

Nutritional status in parasitized and nonparasitized children from two districts of buenos aires,Argentina

The Program for the Control of Intestinal Parasites and Nutrition was designed to intervene in small communities to prevent and control the effects of parasitic infections on children's health. Objectives: To analyze the association between nutritional status and parasitic infection in suburban and rural children from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods: Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric (weight, height, BMI, skinfolds, upper arm circumference, muscle, and fat upper arm areas) and biochemical (Hb, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu) indicators. Parasitological analysis were made on both serial stool and perianal swab samples. A total of 708 children aged 3–11 were measured. The biochemical analysis included 217 blood samples and the parasitological study included 284 samples. Results: Anthropometric status was similar in both settings with low rates of underweight and stunting (<6%), and high rates of overweight (～17%) and obesity (～12%). Ca deficiency was significantly higher in suburban children where 80% of them were hypocalcemic. Around 70% of fecal samples contained parasites. Among infected children, the most prevalent species were Blastocystis hominis and Enterobius vermicularis (～43%) followed by Giardia lamblia (～17%). Differences in parasitological status between districts were not significant. In the suburban district parasitized children were lighter, shorter, and had a lower upper arm circumference than their non‐infected peers. No differences in anthropometric status were seen among infected and uninfected rural children. Conclusions: The results suggest an association between intestinal parasites and physical growth in suburban children. Rural children seem to be protected against the effects of parasitic infection. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:73–79, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Evaluation of multiplex tandem real-time PCR for detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis in clinical stool samples

The aim of this study was to describe the first development and evaluation of a multiplex tandem PCR (MT-PCR) assay for the detection and identification of 4 common pathogenic protozoan parasites, Cryptosporidium spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis, from human clinical samples. A total of 472 fecal samples submitted to the Department of Microbiology at St. Vincent's Hospital were included in the study. The MT-PCR assay was compared to four real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays and microscopy by a traditional modified iron hematoxylin stain. The MT-PCR detected 28 G. intestinalis, 26 D. fragilis, 11 E. histolytica, and 9 Cryptosporidium sp. isolates. Detection and identification of the fecal protozoa by MT-PCR demonstrated 100% correlation with the RT-PCR results, and compared to RT-PCR, MT-PCR exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, while traditional microscopy of stained fixed fecal smears exhibited sensitivities and specificities of 56% and 100% for Cryptosporidium spp., 38% and 99% for D. fragilis, 47% and 97% for E. histolytica, and 50% and 100% for G. intestinalis. No cross-reactivity was detected in 100 stool samples containing various other bacterial, viral, and protozoan species. The MT-PCR assay was able to provide rapid, sensitive, and specific simultaneous detection and identification of the four most important diarrhea-causing protozoan parasites that infect humans. This study also highlights the lack of sensitivity demonstrated by microscopy, and thus, molecular methods such as MT-PCR must be considered the diagnostic methods of choice for enteric protozoan parasites.     

赣州市章贡区2015~2016年儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况分析

目的 研究赣州市章贡区2015年3月~2016年3月儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况分析。方法 选择赣州市章贡区2015年3月~2016年3月按照随机数字表法进行抽取390例,其中1~4年级168例学生用改良加藤氏厚涂片法及透明胶纸法肛拭法检测钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染情况,幼儿园儿童用透明胶肛拭子法检查蛲虫感染情况,分析其肠道寄生虫感染情况。结果 1~4年级学生肠道寄生虫感染总人数为6例（3.57%）,钩虫感染率为1.19%,蛔虫感染发生率为1.19%,鞭虫感染发生率为1.19%。其中蛲虫感染发生率小学感染率为2.05%,幼儿园感染率为4.01%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。24例感染者中,无自觉症状者9例,有自觉症状者15例。其中肛门瘙痒者9例,磨牙者2例,失眠、食欲不振等症者2例,遗尿者1例,肛周炎症者1例。结论 提高儿童的卫生健康知识,培养良好的卫生习惯,对家长加强基本的防病意识与讲究卫生的相关知识,改善儿童的生活场所质量,对出现感染的儿童进行简单的药物治疗,定期进行预防与检查,降低临床的感染情况,维持儿童的健康成长。