基于微滴式数字PCR技术的HER2基因扩增用于乳腺癌TNM分期的研究

目的 分析微滴式数字PCR(dd PCR)技术用于人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)基因扩增的价值及在评估乳腺癌TNM分期中的应用。方法 选取临床资料及随访资料完整的100例乳腺癌患者,其组织标本作为观察组,其中TNMⅠ～Ⅱ期71例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期29例;另选择80例乳腺增生患者的组织标本作为对照组。构建HER2基因扩增dd PCR方法,分析2组HER2基因相对扩增倍数;采用Spearman相关性分析HER2基因相对扩增倍数与TNM分期的相关性;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析dd PCR技术用于HER2基因扩增在评估乳腺癌TNM分期的价值。结果 观察组HER2基因相对扩增倍数显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);且观察组TNMⅢ～Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者HER2基因相对扩增倍数高于TNMⅠ～Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者(P 0. 05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,HER2基因相对扩增倍数与TNM分期呈正相关(r=0. 632,P 0. 05);使用dd PCR技术检测乳腺癌患者HER2基因分析TNM分期的敏感度和特异度均大于90%,曲线下面积(AUC) 0. 95。结论 dd PCR技术检测的HER2基因相对扩增倍数与乳腺癌TNM分期呈正相关,该方法敏感度和特异度均较高,可用于预测TNM的分期。     

双重实时荧光PCR检测肠出血型大肠埃希菌stx1和stx2基因方法的建立

目的建立一种检测肠出血型大肠埃希菌（EHEC）产毒基因stx1和stx2的TaqMan双重实时荧光PCR法。方法根据GenBank公布的EHECstx1和stx2基因序列进行比对后设计相应的PCR引物和TaqMan探针,探针报告基团分别使用FAM和HEX标记,淬灭基团使用BHQ1标记。建立双重实时荧光PCR反应体系并对反应条件进行优化,对方法的灵敏度、特异性及其重复性进行分析。结果建立了EHEC双重实时荧光PCR检测方法。菌液浓度为102～108cuf/ml时,均可观察到扩增曲线,且扩增曲线平滑;检测30份模拟临床样品,均检测到stx1和stx2基因,且均培养出EHEC,该方法灵敏度为100%;3次重复测定108、105、102cfu/ml3个高、中、低浓度的菌液DNA模板,得到其扩增曲线,计算各浓度的Ct值标准差及变异系数,均小于5%,在误差允许范围内。结论建立的双重实时荧光PCR法可快速、灵敏、特异、有效地检出EHEC。     

显色原位杂交检测乳腺癌HER2基因扩增的应用价值

目的评估显色原位杂交（CISH）技术在检测乳腺癌标本中HER2基因扩增的应用价值。方法分别采用免疫组织化学（IHC）EnVision和CISH两种方法,检测165例乳腺癌中HER2蛋白表达及HER2基因扩增的情况。结果（1）IHC检测HER2蛋白表达阴性者107例,表达阳性1＋者24例,CISH均未检测到HER2基因扩增;（2）IHC检测HER2表达3＋者22例,CISH检测中21例呈现HER2基因的高倍扩增,仅1例呈低倍扩增,HER2基因高倍扩增及其蛋白表达之间的符合率为95．5％;（3）IHC检测HER2表达2＋者12例,CISH检测有3例HER2基因呈高倍扩增,6例呈低倍扩增,3例无扩增。结论CISH在检测HER2基因扩增与IHC检测的结果具有较高的一致性和敏感性,可以作为一种检测乳腺癌HER2基因状况的方法。     

环保型生物组织样本制备套装在HER2蛋白2+浸润性乳腺癌荧光原位杂交检测中的应用

文题释义：环保型生物组织样本制备套装：无醛、无苯,用于组织样本制备过程中对组织样本的固定、脱水和透明处理,其中固定液是利用无水乙醇、甲醇等化学试剂的蛋白质凝固作用,终止或减少分解酶的作用,防止自溶,保存组织、细胞的离体前结构状态;脱水液是利用能够与水互溶的有机溶液,将已固定和水洗过的组织中的水分彻底驱除;透明液是采用既能与脱水剂互溶,又能作为石蜡溶媒的有机溶剂,使浸蜡过程中石蜡渗入组织中。由于透明剂作用之后其折射指数与组织蛋白折射指数接近,组织显示出半透明状态,因此通常又称此过程为透明。 HER2蛋白：定位于染色体17q12-21.32上,编码相对分子质量为185 000的跨膜受体样蛋白,具有酪氨酸激酶活性。检测方法有免疫组织化学、荧光原位杂交等。HER2是指重要的乳腺癌及胃癌预后判断因子,HER2阳性(过表达或扩增)的乳腺癌/胃癌,其临床特点和生物学行为有特殊表现,治疗模式也与其他类型的乳腺癌/胃癌有很大的区别。目前已有针对该蛋白过度表达的药物——注射用曲妥珠单抗。 背景：HER2状态评估是浸润性乳腺癌治疗及预后重要的生物学指标。固定、脱水、透明和脱蜡等组织前期处理是制作病理石蜡切片后进行HER2蛋白和基因检测的必备程序,也是影响免疫组织化学和荧光原位杂交的重要因素。 目的：探究环保型生物组织样本制备套装在HER2蛋白2+浸润性乳腺癌荧光原位杂交检测中的应用价值。 方法：收集2015年1月至2019年3月汕头市中心医院送检的402例浸润性乳腺癌标本,同一标本对半剖开,使用随机数字表随机分为2组,对照组采用传统试剂甲醛固定-乙醇脱水-二甲苯透明脱蜡进行组织前期处理,制作石蜡切片;实验组采用环保型生物组织样本制备套装(含环保型固定液、脱水液、透明液、脱蜡液)制作切片。采用免疫组织化学法检测两组标本的HER2蛋白表达,进一步对HER2蛋白结果为2+的131例浸润性乳腺癌标本使用荧光原位杂交法检测HER2基因扩增。 结果与结论：①两组HER2蛋白表达均为特异性的细胞膜着色、细胞定位正确;②两组HER2蛋白阳性率、不确定性率、阴性率比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),两组HER2蛋白表达符合率为99.00%;③两组HER2基因均背景清晰,HER2和Ch17双探针信号清晰可见,无交差反应、双探针信号精准定位于癌细胞核内;④两组HER2基因均杂交成功,两组杂交成功细胞数量比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤两组HER2基因扩增阳性率、阴性率比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),两组HER2基因扩增符合率为97.71%;⑥两组HER2基因信号均数、HER2/细胞比值均数、Ch17信号均数、Ch17 /细胞比值均数、HER2/ Ch17比值均数比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑦两组HER2总阳性率比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑧结果表明与传统试剂相比,环保型生物组织样本制备套装制作的浸润性乳腺癌标本既不影响HER2蛋白的表达,也不影响HER2基因扩增,可满足临床检测的需要。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0730-5467(邱晓阳) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

胆囊腺癌HER2免疫组织化学检测两种抗体的比较研究

目的:以HER2荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测作为参照,使用免疫组织化学（IHC）法比较2种抗体对胆囊腺癌HER2蛋白检测效能。方法:建立一组包含108例胆囊浸润性腺癌的高产组织芯片,用2种抗HER2抗体（克隆号4B5和A0485）在其相对应平台检测HER2蛋白表达,FISH方法检测HER2基因扩增。用ROC曲线计算IH...     

双探针显色和荧光原位杂交法检测乳腺癌HER2基因状态和17号染色体的分析

目的 通过与荧光原位杂交(FISH)比较,评估双探针显色原位杂交(双探针CISH)法在诊断女性乳腺浸润性导管癌HER2基因状态中应用的可靠性,同时探讨17号染色体多倍体对原位杂交诊断HER2基因状态时可能产生的影响.方法 收集146例乳腺癌组织的常规石蜡包埋标本,分别用欧盟(CE)认证的FISH(146例)及CISH(73例)HER2/17号染色体着丝粒(CENl7)双探针试剂盒技术,对肿瘤标本的HER2基因状态进行检测,并按照2007年美国临床肿瘤协会及美国病理家协会(ASCO/CAP)标准分别用计算HER2基因拷贝数和(或)计算HER2/CENl7比值的方法对结果进行分析.结果 在同时进行FISH和双探针CISH检测的73例标本中发现,两种技术对HER2阴性和阳性的诊断符合率分别为91.7%(33/36)和97.4%(37/38),两者的总体符合率为95.9%(70/73);在对146例FISH结果的计数分析中,计数HER2基因拷贝数得出不确定诊断的病例量是计数HER2/CENl7得出不确定诊断病例量的1.6倍(13/8);此外,在FISH和CISH结果中按拷贝数计数为阳性的病例与在按比值计数时却为阴性病例的不吻合率分别为4.8%(3/63)和3.O%(1/33);同时在FISH HER2阳性病例(HER2/CENl7)中多倍体发生率为63.5%(40/63,P=0.002),高于阴性者中多倍体的发生率(37.3%,28/75).结论 双探针CISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因状态的结果和FISH技术检测的结果非常一致,提示两种技术临床诊断价值相近,并且同步检测并计数HER2和17号染色体有助于明确HER2基因状态.     

单探针和双探针显色原位杂交法检测乳腺癌HER2基因状态的比较分析

目的 通过对比分析单探针和双探针显色原位杂交(CISH)检测乳腺癌HER2基因状态,评估双探针显色原位杂交试剂盒的临床应用价值.方法 收集129例常规石蜡包埋的乳腺癌组织标本,分别使用单探针和双探针CISH技术,对肿瘤标本的HER2基因状态进行检测,并按照2007年美国临床肿瘤协会及美国病理家协会(ASCO/CAP)标准,计数HER2基因拷贝数或HER2/17号染色体的比值;同时运用免疫组织化学法(IHC)检测了HER2蛋白水平,与经CISH基因检测的结果进行了对比分析.结果 在129例切片中,单探针CISH结果显示有7例(5%)为临界状态,而双探针CISH结果则无一例结果为临界.在其余122例标本中,单探针和双探针CISH的结果同为50例(41%)阴性和72例(59%)阳性,其中双探针CISH对单探针CISH的阴性和阳性结果的吻合率分别为88%(44/50)和92%(66/72),统计分析显示两种方法的结果基本一致(κ=0.80,P<0.05).在两种方法检测结果一致和不一致的标本中,出现17号染色体异倍体的比例分别为38%(42/110)和53%(10/19).在109例IHC检测的HER2结果中,分别有34例(31%)被判读为(阳性),18例(17%)被判读为0～+(阴性)和57例(52%)被判读为(临界).结论 双探针CISH相对单探针而言,是检测乳腺癌HER2基因状态的可靠方法.双探针CISH能进一步明确判断单探针CISH结果判断不明确(临界状态)的HER2基因状态的标本,并提示17号染色体的异倍性可能会对个别乳腺癌HER2状态的解读产生一定的影响.     

荧光原位杂交检测乳腺癌HER2基因状态

目的 探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）,与免疫组织化学（IHC）染色（3＋）和（2＋）检测HER2基因状态的结果的一致性、导致两者差异的可能原因及FISH检测HER2基因状态的必要性和可行性。方法 采用PathVysion^TM探针试剂盒,以FISH方法,对28例IHC EnVision法染色分别为（3＋）、（2＋）、（1＋）和阴性（-）的乳腺癌石蜡切片标本进行HER2基因状态的检测。结果 HER2表达（3＋）的12例标本中,10例HER2基L大1扩增,其中2例为17号染色体多体,另2例无扩增的病例均为多体;IHC为（2＋）的10例标本中,7例为HER2基因扩增,其中1例为多体,另3例无扩增病例中2例为多体;IHC为（1＋）的3例标本均无HER2基因扩增,其中1例为多体;IHC（-）的3例标本均无基因扩增,其中1例为多体。结论 IHC是初步筛查HER2状态的首选方法;因IHC（2＋）与FISH检测结果差异较大,所以这类患者应做FISH确诊;IHC（3＋）存在假阳性,主要原因可能是由于17号染色体非整倍体,必要时这类患者也应做FISH。     

HER2免疫组织化学1＋浸润性乳腺癌的基因扩增状态和mRNA表达分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨HER2免疫组织化学（IHC）1＋乳腺癌患者的基因扩增状态和原位HER2 mRNA表达情况,为精准检测HER2及相关临床策略的修订提供初步参考数据。 方法抽取北京协和医院2011至2013年间手术获取的非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌HER2 IHC 1＋存档蜡块标本65例,制作组织芯片,分别采用荧光原位杂交（FISH）和RNAscope方法检测其HER2基因状态和原位mRNA表达水平。如原发灶HER2的FISH结果不确定或阴性但mRNA高表达,再以FISH复检其淋巴结转移灶的HER2基因状态。结果在65例标本中,FISH阳性4例（6.2%）,其中2例为HER2/CEP17〉2且平均HER2基因拷贝数〉4,另2例为HER2/CEP17〈2但平均HER2基因拷贝数〉6;在此4例FISH阳性标本中,2例为mRNA高表达（RNAscope 3分）,另2例为中度表达（RNAscope 2分）。另外,在全部标本中,3例HER2/CEP17〉2但平均HER2基因拷贝数〈4,其中2例mRNA高表达（RNAscope 3分和4分）,另1例mRNA中度表达（RNAscope 2分）。未见HER2基因状态及mRNA表达与临床病理特征（肿瘤大小、分化程度、淋巴结转移、脉管癌栓）之间存在明显相关性（P均〉0.05）。结论在本组HER2 IHC 1＋乳腺癌中检出了部分FISH阳性的标本,其mRNA也有一定程度的表达,可判断为抗HER2治疗的潜在获益者。鉴于精准分子分型对于乳腺癌临床处理及相关诊疗策略制定具有重要意义,后续有必要进行大样本量的验证。     

二种核酸检测法诊断幽门螺杆菌感染的临床比较

目的:二种核酸检测法诊断幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染的临床诊断价值,用以向临床日常实践中推荐使用。方法:117例胃炎、胃溃疡和胃癌患者胃黏膜活组织标本采用HP恒温扩增-防污染核酸试纸条和实时荧光定量PCR进行HP检测,并比较二种检测方法的特异性、灵敏度等。同时以组织学染色和细菌培养二种"金标准"法作为比较。结果:二种"金标准"法诊断了HP感染的阳性66例,阴性51例;66例"金标准"检测法诊断HP阳性的标本中,其中有62例HP恒温扩增-防污染核酸试纸条检测阳性,60例实时荧光定量PCR检测阳性;51例"金标准"检测法诊断HP阴性的标本中,其中有49例HP恒温扩增-防污染核酸试纸条检测阴性,50例实时荧光定量PCR检测阴性,据此HP恒温扩增-防污染核酸试纸条检测HP的诊断敏感性为93.9%(62/66),特异性为96.1%(49/51);实时荧光定量PCR检测HP的诊断敏感性为90.9%(60/66),特异性为98.0%(50/51)。结论:HP恒温扩增-防污染核酸试纸条和实时荧光定量PCR检测技术相当,但HP恒温扩增-防污染核酸试纸条检测不需要昂贵的仪器设备,结果便于阅读,操作方法简单,适宜于作为HP感染筛查的基础。     

Real-time PCR quantification of c-erbB-2 gene is an alternative for FISH in the clinical management of breast carcinoma patients

Evaluation of gene amplification and protein expression of the c-erbB-2/neu in breast carcinomas has been an important task in breast cancer management. Although immunohistochemistry is widely applied, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology shows its advantage in discriminating tumors in an objective manner. More recently, development of LightCycler technology permits evaluation of gene amplification with a small volume of DNA run in a 20 microL glass capillary. In this study, a series of 87 breast carcinomas were chosen for evaluation of c-erbB-2/neu gene amplification detected by both LightCycler technology and FISH. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in LightCycler capillaries with 10 ng sample DNA. By using LightCycler Relative Quantification Software version 1 (LightCycler, Roche, Mannheim, Germany), the amount of c-erbB-2 DNA was calculated as a ratio of c-erbB-2/reference gene quantity in a sample, and then the ratio was divided by the ratio of c-erbB-2 gene/reference gene quantities of a calibrator DNA (a standard DNA provided in the kit), which was run with each sample reaction in parallel. Dual-color FISH was performed on sections of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue array samples using the DAKO HER2 FISH pharmDX kit (DAKO A/S, Glostrup, Danmark) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was performed in parallel, with both the NCL-CB11 and HercepTest antibodies. Both the FISH technology and the LightCycler-PCR identified a similar percentage of tumors with c-erbB-2 gene amplification in our present study, 16% (14/87) and 15% (13/87), respectively, whereas immunohistochemistry demonstrated 32% and 34% c-erbB-2 overexpression with the NCL-CB11 and HercepTest antibodies, respectively. In addition, FISH and PCR were highly correlated in detecting tumors mainly with 3+++ c-erbB-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, indicating that LightCycler real-time quantification of c-erbB-2 gene may be an alternative to FISH in breast cancer clinical application.     

Simultaneous detection of HER2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression in paraffin-embedded breast cancer

The determination of HER2/neu status in breast carcinomas has become essential for the selection of breast cancer patients for Herceptin therapy. Herceptin treatment is used in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma with HER2/neu protein overexpression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or gene amplification analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A multiparametric fluorescent approach based on the simultaneous detection of HER2/neu gene amplification and protein expression was established to increase the accuracy, and to improve the reproducibility, of HER2/neu diagnostics. Based on four paraffin-embedded breast cancer cell lines, a combined fluorescent immunostaining (FIHC) and FISH method was developed by using the PathVysion HER2 DNA Probe Kit (VYSIS) and the polyclonal antibody from the HercepTest (DAKO). Diagnostic applicability was documented on 215 formalin-fixed primary breast carcinomas. Criteria for immunofluorescence quantification were chosen by analogy with the FDA-approved HercepTest scoring, ranging from 0 to 3+. There was 97.7% concordance between conventional IHC and fluorescence IHC. The FISH data resulting from the multiparametric approach did not differ from conventional FISH. Breast carcinomas with HER2/neu protein overexpression and simultaneous gene amplification were detected with 100% sensitivity. In addition, five of the 215 cases (2.3%) had HER2/neu gene amplification without protein overexpression. The main advantage of this novel approach is that polysomy, aneuploidy, gene amplification, and protein content can be analysed simultaneously in the same cell.     

Correlation of HER2 gene amplification with immunohistochemistry in breast cancer as determined by a novel monoplex polymerase chain reaction assay.

Amplification of the HER2 oncogene in breast cancer identifies patients who are likely to respond to anti-HER2 mAb therapy. Current clinical practice dictates that all breast cancers first undergo HER2 screening by IHC. Strongly positive (3+ on a 0-to-3+ scale) IHC cases are considered as HER2-amplified tumors and are not evaluated further because of the strong correlation between HER2 gene amplification as measured by FISH and 3+ IHC. This strong correlation has recently been questioned, and some data suggest that over 50% of 3+ IHC HER2 immunostains may not be due to HER2 gene amplification. To help resolve this discrepancy, the authors developed a quantitative PCR assay for HER2. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the amount of HER2 DNA relative to a control gene, IF2 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor, 2p11.1-q11.1). The PCR assay is performed on genomic DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue. The PCR assay developed is a monoplex assay in which the HER2 and IF2 PCRs are performed in separate cuvettes. Cases of HER2 FISH amplified breast cancer and HER2 FISH nonamplified breast cancer were chosen for study by monoplex HER2 PCR. HER2 overexpression was evaluated by IHC. Twenty-two cases of HER2-positive and 22 cases of HER2-negative breast cancer, as determined by FISH, were assayed for HER2 by PCR and IHC. Sixteen of the 44 cases were interpreted as 3+ IHC. All 16 showed HER2 amplification by PCR and 15 showed HER2 amplification by FISH. One FISH negative case was found to be HER2 amplified by PCR and showed 3+ IHC stain, suggesting the FISH result in this case was underinterpreted. Two FISH positive cases were found to be negative by PCR and negative in IHC as well, suggesting the FISH result in these cases was overinterpreted. The authors conclude that 3+ IHC membrane staining correctly identifies neoplasms showing HER2 gene amplification. Monoplex HER2 PCR may offer significant advantages over both IHC and FISH for HER2 testing in breast cancer.     

Quantitative RT-PCR assay of HER2 mRNA expression in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues

Detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (HER2, also known as erbB2) expression is a preparatory process to decide a treatment strategy for breast cancer patients. 20-30% of breast cancer patients have HER2 overexpression, and they usually show poor recovery rate. For detection of HER2 expression, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods are conventionally used. Although these methods are accurate and reliable, their time-consuming process and high cost need a concise method with high sensitivity and accuracy. As a complementary method to the current IHC/FISH standard techniques, PCR-based methods have been developed. Here we employed a quantitative PCR method to detect HER2 expression in one hundred ninety nine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue samples from the patients treated over two years at the Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Republic of Korea. Relative expression of HER2 mRNA in the FFPE samples was analyzed using a quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) method and the obtained HER2 expression levels were compared with those from IHC/FISH methods. Our results show that the RT-qPCR method was highly concordant with IHC/FISH methods for detecting HER2 expression. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the BrightGen HER2 RT-qDx assay kit (Syantra, Calgary, Canada), which is a kit we used for RT-qPCR analyses, were 93.0% and 89.8% (P < 0.0001), respectively. The diagnostic cut-off value of HER2 RT-qDx for the clinical samples was determined by likelihood ratio, among which the highest likelihood ratio of relative HER2 mRNA levels was over 105.5 (AUC = 0.9466) with the highest sensitivity and specificity. Our study indicates that quantification of HER2 mRNA expression with the RT-qPCR could be an alternative method of conventional IHC/FISH methods.     

Histological tumor grade correlates with HER2/c-erB-2 status in invasive breast cancer: a comparative analysis between immunohistochemical (CB11 clone and Herceptest), FISH and differential PCR procedures

There is a growing clinical demand for analysis of the HER2/c-erbB-2 (HER2) status of breast cancer specimens because it provides valuable prognostic, predictive and therapeutic information. In this sense, a variety of methods is available for detection of HER2 status, although to date a reliable and sensitive test does not exist. In order to choose the most suitable procedure to assess HER2 status, we analyzed 102 invasive breast cancers for HER2 overexpression by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC), with the CB11 Mo-Ab and the Hercep Test kit, and for HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hyubridization (FISH) and differential PCR (dPCR). HER2 overexpression, determined by CB11 (group C) and HercepTest (2+ and 3+), was observed in 19 samples (18.6%) whereas genetic amplification was detected in 31 (30.4%) and 14 (13.7%) cases by FISH and dPCR, respectively. The majority of overexpressed/amplified specimens corresponded to high grade tumors. We found concordances of 78-80% and 93-95% between IHC vs FISH and IHC vs dPCR, respectively. Considering FISH procedure as a gold standard, we found a sensitivity and specificity of 48.4% and 94.3% for CB11 antibody, of 45.2% and 92.9% for HercepTest, and of 45.2% and for 100% for the dPCR. Thus, considering the sensitivity, specificity and the high grade of concordance between IHC and dPCR, we suggest the use of IHC for assessing HER2 status. However, due that sensitivity of IHC test is lower than FISH, we also suggest to carry out FISH on those cass in which IHC results are not definitive for its clinical evaluation.     

乳腺癌Her2基因荧光原位杂交及其临床病理关系

目的探讨Her2基因过表达的比例及其与临床病理之间的联系。方法收集乳腺浸润型导管癌标本50例,总结其临床及病理资料,应用石蜡包埋组织切片,以EnVision两步法进行免疫组织化学染色标记ER、PR及HER2,以金菩嘉DNA探针试剂盒行荧光原位杂交检测HER2基因。结果患者平均年龄55.5岁,病理组织分级Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级30例,Ⅲ级9例。术后分期Ⅰ期13例,ⅡA期15例,ⅡB期13例,ⅢA期6例,ⅢB期2例,ⅢC期1例。淋巴结中位转移率6.91%。ER阳性33例,PR阳性32例,IHC法HER2阳性40例,FISH阳性33例,阴性17例。FISH法检测HER2基因与HER2蛋白过表达之间相关(P0.05),其与病理分级、术后分期、淋巴结转移率及ER、PR的表达无相关(P0.05),3例脉管内瘤栓及3例原发瘤数大于1者,FISH均为阳性。结论FISH检测HER2基因扩增和免疫组化检测HER2蛋白一致性较好,HER2基因与脉管内瘤栓及多个原发瘤有一定关系,但其作为间接预测预后的指标有待于进一步研究。     

显色原位杂交和免疫组织化学检测乳腺癌HER2/neu基因状况和蛋白表达的对照性研究

目的探讨显色原位杂交（CISH）在检测乳腺癌中HER2／neu基因扩增上的作用。方法挑选乳腺浸润性导管癌患者组织石蜡蜡块（回顾性255例,前瞻性271例）,进行免疫组织化学（IHC）、CISH检测。15例回顾性标本送往德国HERA检测中心进行FISH检测。结果（1）回顾性病例中IHC阳性3＋者CISH基因扩增率为91．6％（120／131）,IHC2＋者CISH基因扩增率为56．5％（39／69）,IHC与CISH检测结果符合率为81．2％（207／255）,两者明显相关（P〈0．01）。（2）前瞻性病例中IHC蛋白过表达率31．7％．CISH基因扩增率27．3％。IHC3＋者CISH基因扩增率为91．4％（53／58）,IHC2＋者CISH基因扩增率为46．4％（13／28）,IHC与CISH检测结果符合率为89．7％（243／271）,两者明显相关（P〈0．01）。（3）经德国检测中心荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测的15例中14例和CISH结果完全一致,1例检测失败,而CISH为无扩增。（4）CISH检测基因扩增与雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）表达明显负相关（P值均〈0．01）。结论CISH检测HER2基因扩增结果与IHC检测蛋白过表达及FISH结果高度一致,CISH是检测HER2基因扩增的一项新技术。     

PGDS, a novel technique combining chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the assessment of ErbB2 (HER2/neu) status in breast cancer.

Given the important prognostic and predictive utility of v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ErbB2) [human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu)] in breast cancer, it is recommended that ErbB2 testing be performed on all invasive breast cancers at the time of diagnosis. A consensus, however, has not yet been reached as to the optimal method of evaluating ErbB2 status. Immunohistochemistry to detect protein overexpression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect ErbB2 gene amplification are the most frequently used methods. As no one detection method fulfills all necessary requirements of reliability, reproducibility, and ease of use, we developed a novel approach in the form of a simple assay we refer to as protein and gene double staining (PGDS) which simultaneously evaluates protein overexpression and gene amplification by combining immunohistochemistry with chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). A total of 134 invasive breast carcinomas, including 81 cases with a full-face section and 53 cases included in a tissue microarray (TMA), were assessed by PGDS, and the results were correlated with ErbB2 gene amplification status as determined by FISH. ErbB2 gene copy number determined by CISH analysis in the PGDS assay showed excellent concordance with that of FISH (correlation coefficient 0.82; P<0.001 with full-face section cases, and 0.98; P<0.001 with cases in a TMA). The overall concordance rate for gene amplification status between PGDS and FISH was 90.12% in cases with a full-face section and 92.45% with TMA cases. Perfect correlation was seen between the PGDS assay and FISH in cases that were considered either nonamplified or highly amplified by the dual assay. Of the 17 cases that showed low amplification by PGDS, 5 were classified as nonamplified by FISH. Correction for chromosome 17 copy number in the FISH assessment contributed to the discordance between CISH and FISH results. This newly developed PGDS method represents a novel approach to ErbB2 status determination that combines the assessment of both protein overexpression and gene amplification in one simple assay. It is likely that this assay will aid in immunohistochemical calibration and will also increase the sensitivity and specificity of ErbB2 testing.     

乳腺癌组织HER2基因扩增的检测方法

目的:评价高分辨率熔体聚合酶链反应(high-resolution melt polymerase chain reaction,HRM-PCR)检测HER2基因扩增的有效性及其与荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)和免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测法的一致性.方法:采用HRM-PCR法检测HER2阴性及阳性细胞株,评估检测方法的有效性;检测98例已行FISH和/或IHC的临床样本,并与FISH和IHC结果进行比较.结果:HRM-PCR检测可以有效区分HER2阴性及阳性细胞株(P<0.05),具有较好的可重复性;检测98例临床样本显示,阴性和阳性样本检测结果差异有统计学意义(0.18±0.14 vs 1.42±0.88,P<0.01),与IHC的一致性为80.33%(kappa=0.6,P<0.01),与FISH的一致性为87.88%(kappa=0.7,P<0.01),结论:HRM-PCR是一种可靠有效的检测HER2基因扩增的方法,与FISH和IHC均有较好的一致性.     

Prognostic significance of HER2 gene amplification according to stage of breast cancer

It is well known that the amplification of the HER2 gene is closely associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer. However, there is controversy about the clinical significance of HER2 according to lymph node status in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the differences in the prognostic significance of HER2 gene amplification according to the stages of breast cancer. We prepared a tissue array for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with breast cancer specimens from the surgery in 1994 to 1999. Total 338 cases of breast cancer were enrolled and the median follow-up period was 6.3 yr. The detection rates of HER2 gene amplification were as follows: 10.3% in stage I, 22.3% in stage II, and 43.8% in stage III. On survival analyses HER2-positive groups showed worse prognosis in stage III of breast cancer, but not in stage I or II. Multivariate analyses with a Cox-regression model also revealed that HER2 amplification was an independent prognostic factor only in stage III breast cancer. Regarding HER2 gene amplification as a prognostic factor of breast cancer, the clinical significance of the gene was found to be confined to advanced breast cancer.