杜仲提取物对运动后小鼠血清尿素氮、肝糖原和血乳酸含量的影响

目的:研究杜仲醇提水溶部位(DT)对小鼠运动及运动后代谢变化的影响。方法:对小鼠负重游泳时间、运动后血清尿素氮、肝糖原、血乳酸含量进行测定。结果:杜仲醇提水溶部位不影响小鼠正常体重。延长负重游泳时间、降低运动后血清尿素氮含量,增加肝糖原含量,降低血乳酸含量。结论:杜仲醇提水溶部位具有抗疲劳作用。     

巴戟天对小鼠抗疲劳的实验研究

巴戟天对小鼠抗疲劳的实验研究锦州医学院病理生理学教研究室（锦州１２１００１）夏桂兰赵宝东赵春玉巴戟天始载于《神农本草经》，作为补益药列为上品。据记载可补元气、安五脏、强筋骨、壮腰身，为温肾助阳的中草药。本文通过小鼠持续游泳耐疲劳等实验，研究巴戟...     

抗疲劳1号对游泳大鼠血液,肌肉和脑中ATP含量及血乳酸含？…

目的：观察抗疲劳１号（ＡＦ－１）对游泳运动大鼠血液ＡＴＰ和乳酸，以及脑和肌肉组织中ＡＴＰ含量的影响。方法：用生物发光法测定６组不同游泳强度大鼠血液和组织中ＡＴＰ含量；血乳酸含量变化用乳酸自动分析仪监测。结果：给药组大鼠游泳１０ｍｉｎ，血中ＡＴＰ含量明显高于对照组；血中乳酸含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。在游泳力竭鼠中，给药组血ＡＴＰ含量也较对照组高；而血乳酸含量较对照组低（Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０     

乙酰左旋肉碱对大鼠脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的:研究乙酰左旋肉碱(Acetyl-1-carnitine,ALC)对大鼠脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠36只,体重200~250 g,随机分为三组:假手术组(Sham组)、脊髓损伤组(SCI组)、乙酰左旋肉碱组(ALC组)每组12只。Sham组只暴露脊髓,不打击;SCI组采用Allen's重物打击法制备脊髓损伤模型;ALC组在打击脊髓后15 min腹腔注射剂量为300 mg/kg的乙酰左旋肉碱。Sham组和SCI组均腹腔注射相同体积的生理盐水。24 h后取出各组大鼠脊髓组织进行检测。用分光光度法检测各组脊髓组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,用Western Blot检测凋亡蛋白caspase-3的表达量,用TUNEL法观测神经细胞的凋亡状况。结果:与Sham组相比,SCI组脊髓组织中MDA含量明显升高,SOD活性明显降低,凋亡蛋白caspase-3表达量明显增加,神经细胞的凋亡比例明显增加(P0.01);与SCI组相比,ALC组脊髓组织中MDA含量明显降低,SOD活性明显增加,凋亡蛋白caspase-3表达量明显降低,神经细胞的凋亡比例明显减少(P0.01)。结论:乙酰左旋肉碱可以减轻氧化损伤,抑制神经细胞凋亡,对脊髓损伤有保护作用。     

左旋肉碱治疗肝硬化并显性肝性脑病的效果观察

目的 探讨左旋肉碱治疗肝硬化并显性肝性脑病患者的临床疗效。方法 选择2011年3月~2018年6月天津市宝坻区人民医院收治的84例肝硬化并发肝性脑病显性症状,且住院治疗＞1周的患者作为研究对象,随机分为左旋肉碱组和对照组,每组42例。对照组接受常规治疗,左旋肉碱组在常规治疗基础上联合应用左旋肉碱。比较治疗7 天时两组患者肝性脑病West-Haven分级、NCT-A时间、血氨情况,以及两组住院天数、随访6周时肝性脑病复发情况。结果 治疗7天时左旋肉碱组NCT-A时间为（52.31±17.92）s ,低于对照组的（61.32±18.24）s（P＜0.05）;空腹静脉血氨水平为（45.23±27.42）μmol/L,低于对照组的 （60.44±25.43）μmol/L（P＜0.05）;左旋肉碱组HE分级为（1.47±0.51）,与对照组的（1.43±0.54）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组患者平均住院日［（8.32±3.60）d vs（9.12±5.81）d］及随访6周肝性脑病早期复发率（35.71% vs 28.57%）分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 左旋肉碱虽能降低肝硬化并显性肝性脑病患者血氨水平、改善NCT-A时间,但不能改善肝性脑病严重程度分级、降低住院日及肝性脑病复发率,其在肝硬化并显性肝性脑病中的应用价值有待进一步证实。     

黄芪精口服液对大鼠抗疲劳作用研究

目的:观察黄芪精口服液对小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响。方法:选用单一雄性昆明种小鼠36只,随机分为空白对照组(生理盐水)、黄芪精口服液低剂量组(0.05g·10g-1)、高剂量组(0.1g·10g-1),每天按0.07ml·10g-1,0.14ml·10g-1灌胃一次,连续7d,记录小鼠游泳时间,并用分光光度计法检测小鼠剧烈运动后血尿素氮(BUN)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。以小鼠游泳时间为指标研究其抗疲劳作用。结果:与对照组比较,高剂量黄芪精口服液可显著提高小鼠负重游泳时间,增加血浆SOD活性,降低BUN含量(P0.05)。结论:黄芪精口服液具有提高小鼠抗疲劳能力的作用。     

乙酰左旋肉碱对人类精子冷冻前后顶体完整性及超微结构的保护作用探讨

目的 研究乙酰左旋肉碱对人精子冷冻前后顶体完整性及超微结构的保护作用.方法 将18例患者的精液标本液化及PureSperm梯度离心处理后分为2组,分别为A组(对照)和B组(7.5 mmol/L乙酰左旋肉碱),液氮中冷冻2周,比较冻融前后各组精子存活率、 活力、 头部和尾部超微结构损伤比例和顶体完整性.结果 精子冷冻后存活率和活力均较冷冻前明显下降(P<0.05),B组精子解冻后存活率和活力明显高于组A(P<0.05).冷冻后精子头部和尾部损伤比例均较冷冻前明显增加(P<0.05),而B组精子解冻后头部和尾部损伤比例均较A组明显下降(P<0.05).精子解冻后顶体完整性较冷冻前明显下降(P<0.05),B组精子解冻后精子顶体完整性较A组明显提高(P<0.05).结论 冷冻过程对人精子产生损伤,冷冻保护剂中添加7.5 mmol/L乙酰左旋肉碱可以提高精子解冻后顶体完整性,减轻冷冻损伤对于精子头尾超微结构的损伤,起到冷冻保护作用.     

八角茴香提取液的抗疲劳效应

背景：延缓疲劳或消除疲劳是运动医学的研究热点,利用中药来消除运动性疲劳,提高机体运动能力,具有重要应用前景。 目的：观察八角茴香提取液对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。 方法：将120只雄性昆明种小鼠按体质量随机分为4组：分别给予21,42,84 mL/(kg•d)的八角茴香提取液和蒸馏水, 35 d后,检测小鼠力竭游泳时间、爬杆时间及运动后血乳酸水平;40 d后,检测小鼠运动后肝糖原含量、血清尿素氮和乳酸脱氢酶活力。 结果与结论：八角茴香提取液可增加小鼠力竭游泳时间、爬杆时间及运动后肝糖原含量,提高运动后小鼠血乳酸脱氢酶活力,同时降低小鼠运动后血乳酸及尿素氮水平,尤以84 mL/(kg•d)八角茴香提取液的效果最明显(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。说明八角茴香提取液有明显的抗疲劳作用。     

左旋肉碱、泛酸、辅酶Q10联合干预有氧运动疲劳模型小鼠的作用及机制

背景:已有研究证实,左旋肉碱、泛酸、辅酶Q₁₀等营养因子能改善机体能量代谢,是能量转换过程中必不可少的成分,联合使用这3种营养因子是否能产生更好的运动疲劳保护效应,目前还不是很清楚。目的:探讨联合使用左旋肉碱、泛酸、辅酶Q₁₀对小鼠运动性疲劳是否具有改善作用,联合使用的最佳组合方式以及改善运动性疲劳的作用机制。方法:(1)动物分组:雄性ICR小鼠100只,利用正交设计原理,设定4种因素分别为左旋肉碱(A)、泛酸(B)、辅酶Q₁₀(C)营养因子及游泳运动(D),3种剂量水平营养因子分别为水平1(不使用)、水平2(治疗剂量)、水平3(3倍治疗剂量),将小鼠分为9组,另设1组运动对照组,共10组,每组10只小鼠;(2)建立有氧运动疲劳模型:9组小鼠每天负重5%游泳1 h,每周6 d,在第5周结束时,进行一次力竭运动,记录力竭时间,再继续运动1周,实验共6周;营养因子给药方式为运动前1 h经口灌胃;(3)检测指标:实验分为正常对照组、运动对照组及运动联合补充泛酸+辅酶Q₁₀营养因子组(简称运动联合营养因子组...     

家兔躯干肌抗疲劳相关酶的测定与光谱比较

目的探讨家兔躯干肌的获能方式和运动特点。方法观测腹壁、胸壁和脊柱骨骼肌琥珀酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶含量,并用前后肢骨骼肌作对照,同时测出其光谱值。结果琥珀酸脱氢酶为脊柱﹥腹部﹥胸部;乳酸脱氢酶:脊柱﹥腹部﹥胸部;肌酸激酶:胸部﹥腹部﹥脊柱,与前后肢的快肌纤维含量比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论脊柱、腹壁、胸壁快肌纤维比例呈递减性。可见光和近红外段光谱可明显反应出它们的差异。     

Effect of carnitine loading on long-chain fatty acid oxidation,maximal exercise capacity,and nitrogen balance

Summary Carnitine has a potential effect on exercise capacity due to its role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for-oxidation, the export of acyl-coenzyme A compounds from mitochondria and the activation of branched-chain amino acid oxidation in the muscle. We studied the effect of carnitine supplementation on palmitate oxidation, maximal exercise capacity and nitrogen balance in rats. Daily carnitine supplementation (500 mg - kg^–1 body mass for 6 weeks) was given to 30 rats, 15 of which were on an otherwise carnitine-free diet (group 1) and 15 pair-fed with a conventional pellet diet (group II). A control group (group III,n = 6) was fed ad libitum the pellet diet. Palmitate oxidation was measured by collecting¹⁴CO₂ after an intraperitoneal injection of [1-¹⁴C]palmitate and exercise capacity by swimming to exhaustion. After carnitine supplementation carnitine concentrations in serum were supranormal [group I, total 150.8 (SD 48.5), free 78.9 (SD 18.4); group II, total 170.9 (SD 27.9), free 115.8 (SD 24.6) gmol·1^–1] and liver carnitine concentrations were normal in both groups [group I, total 1.6 (SD 0.3), free 1.2 (SD 0.2); group II, total 1.3 (SD 0.3), free 0.9 (SD 0.2) mol·g^–1 dry mass]. In muscle carnitine concentrations were normal in group I [total 3.8 (SD 1.2), free 3.2 (SD 1.0) mol · g^–1 dry mass] and increased in group II [total 6.6 (SD 0.5), free 4.9 (SD 0.9) mol·g^–1 dry mass]. Despite the difference in muscle carnitine concentrations there were no differences among the groups in cumulative palmitate oxidation after 3 h [group I, 39.7 (SD 11.6)%, group II, 29.6 (SD 14.0)%; group III, 36.5 (SD 10.8)% of injected activity] or swimming time to exhaustion [group I, 9.7 (SD 2.9); group II, 8.4 (SD 3.6); group III, 7.1 (SD 2.8) h]. A borderline increase in nitrogen balance was observed in group II. We concluded that increasing carnitine tissue concentrations by carnitine supplementation had no effect on palmitate oxidation and maximal exercise capacity in the rats studied.     

肾衰血浆及高尿素氮环境对吞噬细胞的影响

目的：观察慢性肾功能衰竭（肾衰）血浆及高尿素氮环境对外周血中性粒细胞（PMN）和肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）吞噬功能的影响。方法：以甘油致大鼠肾衰模型为基础，利用免疫细胞学方法检测PMN和AM对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率；利用放射免疫技术与比色法分别检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和一氧化氮（NO）的水平。结果：PMN与AM在肾衰血浆及高尿素氮环境中的吞噬率均明显降低（P<0.05）；血清TNF-α与NO的水平显著下降（P<0.05）。结论：肾衰血浆及高尿素氮环境均可抑制吞噬细胞的吞噬功能，为进一步探讨肾衰时个体易并发感染的机制提供实验依据。     

不同配方复合润肤生凝胶促进大鼠创面愈合的实验研究

目的了解不同配方复合润肤生凝胶在大鼠创伤修复中的作用。方法将SD大鼠30只,在脊柱两侧各1．5cm处环形全层切除皮肤,形成直径1．8cm的圆形皮肤缺损创面4个,共120个创面,双盲随机采取配方Ⅰ、2、3、对照组(以生理盐水外用)4种处理方式,分别于伤后1天、2天、3天、5天、7天、10天、12天等时间点观测平均愈合时间、创面面积、肉芽组织和上皮组织的增生情况、组织学切片等;选取较优配方凝胶后,将SD大鼠30只,用同样方法随机采取该配方和对照组(以生理盐水外用) 2种处理方式,分别观测上述指标。结果各配方均能促进创面愈合,以配方Ⅱ较显著有统计学意义。结论适当比例配方活性玻璃复合透明质酸能促进创面愈合。     

尿酸及白细胞计数与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨尿酸及白细胞计数与代谢综合征（MS）及MS亚组分的关系。方法采用横断面研究,对20～59岁潮汕地区5家电厂958名职工进行调查,并测量身高、体重、血压、空腹血糖、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、血尿酸、白细胞计数等指标,采用SPSS13.0软件分析尿酸和白细胞计数与MS及MS亚组分之间的关系。结果 MS的发生率为3.03%。MS亚组分中,体重指数、甘油三酯偏高的发生率较大,分别为25.68%和20.36%,MS组尿酸及白细胞计数水平明显高于非MS组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;MS亚组分与尿酸密切程度大小依次为甘油三酯、体重指数、收缩压,均为正相关（P〈0.05）,相关系数分别为9.17、7.01、1.31,葡萄糖为负相关（P〈0.05）,相关系数为-20.90,拟合的方程为Y=94.44＋9.17X1＋7.01X6＋1.31X4-20.90X3,F=34.76,P=0.00;MS亚组分与白细胞计数密切程度大小依次为甘油三酯、体重指数,均为正相关（P〈0.05）,相关系数分别为0.20、0.04,葡萄糖为负相关（P〈0.05）,相关系数为-0.16,拟合的方程为Y=3.75＋0.20X1＋0.04X6-0.16X3,F=12.76,P=0.00。MS与尿酸及年龄密切相关,尿酸的回归系数为0.01（P〈0.05）,OR值为1.01[95%CI（1,1.01）];年龄的回归系数为1.1（P〈0.05）,OR值为1.10[95%CI（1.05,1.16）]。结论尿酸及白细胞计数与MS及其亚组分关系密切,尿酸和白细胞计数可能可以作为MS的组成成分。^^     

The effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on intramuscular glycogen mobilization during exercise in the rat

Summary The effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (with propranolol) on exercise-induced glycogen mobilization in rat skeletal muscles was studied. Treatment with propranolol either fully or partly prevented glycogen mobilization or had no effect at all on the process. The effects of propranolol depended on the intensity and duration of exercise and on the fiber composition of the muscle studied.Supported by Polish Academy of Sciences, the project 10.4.2.01.3.2.     

Blocking tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits folic acid-induced acute renal failure

Systemic administration of mice with folic acid (FA) has been used for studying the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FA induces acute renal failure remain poorly understood. We found that CD-1 mice treated with FA developed acute renal failure characterized by increased blood urea nitrogen, necrosis, and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells. Compared to control mice, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was markedly elevated in blood and kidneys of these FA-treated mice, accompanied by markedly reduced expression of anti-apoptotic protein BclxL in their kidneys. In vivo administration of FA-treated CD-1 mice with neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibody restored the expression of BclxL in kidneys and inhibited the necrosis and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, leading to the amelioration of acute renal failure. In ex vivo cultures, we found that FA enhanced production of TNF-alpha, decreased expression of BclxL protein, and induced apoptosis of mouse cortical tubule (MCT) cells. Addition of neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibody, but not control IgG, in the cultures markedly blocked the apoptotic death of FA-treated MCT cells and restored expression of BclxL to the same levels as those MCT cells cultured in the absence of FA. All these results suggest that TNF-alpha is a critical inflammatory cytokine responsible for FA-mediated acute renal failure. Furthermore, in vivo administration of anti-TNF-alpha antibody may be proved as an effective approach for acute renal failure prevention and treatment.     

参附注射液的显著抗骨骼肌疲劳作用

目的：研究参附注射液对中枢、神经．肌接头和骨骼肌疲劳的不同影响。方法：记录蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位和腓肠肌收缩曲线,测定低位运动中枢、神经-肌接头和骨骼肌出现疲劳的时间并加以比较。结果：与对照组比较,参附注射液能显著延缓中枢、神经-肌接头、骨骼肌疲劳,尤其延长骨骼肌疲劳时间,增强骨骼肌的耐力。结论：参附注射液具有明显抗骨骼肌疲劳作用。     

The effect of pedaling frequency on glycogen depletion rates in type I and type II quadriceps muscle fibers during submaximal cycling exercise

Summary This study was conducted to determine whether the pedaling frequency of cycling at a constant metabolic cost contributes to the pattern of fiber-type glycogen depletion. On 2 separate days, eight men cycled for 30 min at approximately 85% of individual aerobic capacity at pedaling frequencies of either 50 or 100 rev·min^–1. Muscle biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) were taken immediately prior to and after exercise. Individual fibers were classified as type I (slow twitch), or type II (fast twitch), using a myosin adenosine triphosphatase stain, and their glycogen content immediately prior to and after exercise quantified via microphotometry of periodic acid-Schiff stain. The 30-min exercise bout resulted in a 46% decrease in the mean optical density (D) of type I fibers during the 50 rev·min^–1 condition [0.52 (0.07) to 0.28 (0.04)D units; mean (SEM)] which was not different (P>0.05) from the 35% decrease during the 100 rev · min^–1 condition [0.48 (0.04) to 0.31 (0.05)D units]. In contrast, the meanD in type II fibers decreased 49% during the 50 rev·min^–1 condition [0.53 (0.06) to 0.27 (0.04) units]. This decrease was greater (P<0.05) than the 33% decrease observed in the 100 rev·min –1 condition [0.48 (0.04) to 0.32 (0.06) units). In conclusion, cycling at the same metabolic cost at 50 rather than 100 rev·min^–1 results in greater type II fiber glycogen depletion. This is attributed to the increased muscle force required to meet the higher resistance per cycle at the lower pedal frequency. These data are consistent with the view that force development as opposed to velocity of contraction determines the degree of type II fiber recruitment when the metabolic cost of exercise is held constant.     

雌激素对H2O2诱导的氧化应激的保护作用及机制

为了探讨雌激素17β-estradiol对H2O2诱导的氧化应激的影响及其可能机制。本研究将H2O2作用于大鼠皮层神经元,利用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)检测单独H2O2或者17β-estradiol存在时其对细胞活力和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放的影响;检测单独H2O2或者17β-estradiol存在时其对糖原合成激酶-3β(GSK-3β)活性的影响及其对磷酸化和非磷酸化GSK-3β表达的影响;检测GSK-3β抑制剂LiCl对H2O2诱导的细胞活力的影响;检测雌激素受体抑制剂ICI-182780存在时17β-estradiol对GSK-3β表达的影响。结果显示:(1)H2O2作用于大鼠皮层神经元后显著降低细胞的活力,各种浓度的17β-estradiol预处理细胞后均能部分阻断H2O2对细胞活力的影响;(2)H2O2作用后显著增加细胞乳酸脱氢酶的释放,而17β-estradiol则部分拮抗此种作用;(3)H2O2增加了GSK-3β的活性,而提前加入17β-estradiol则可以降低H2O2诱导的GSK-3β活性增加;(4)H2O2降低了GSK-3β的磷酸化,而17β-estradiol则部分拮抗了这种作用;(5)GSK-3β抑制剂LiCl也可以拮抗H2O2诱导的细胞活力下降;(6)与对照组相比,17β-estradiol本身亦可增加GSK-3β的磷酸化,此作用可被雌激素受体抑制剂ICI-182780部分拮抗,而ICI-182780本身对GSK-3β的磷酸化无显著影响。以上结果提示,17β-estradiol可以拮抗H2O2诱导的氧化应激作用,17β-estradiol通过与其受体结合而抑制GSK-3β的活性可能是其发挥保护作用的机制之一。