滨州市滨城区中小学生体质量指数与血压相关分析

目的 结合儿童青少年血压和体质量指数现状,分析运动时间及频率、饮食结构与肥胖、超重的相关性,为预防儿童青少年超重与肥胖及高血压提供数据支持。方法 采用整群抽样法从健康体检的6～15岁儿童青少年中随机抽取儿童青少年作为研究对象。比较不同性别、年龄组儿童青少年超重、肥胖、血压情况,分析血压与超重、肥胖相关性,采用调查问卷方式汇总儿童青少年运动时间及频率、饮食结构的情况,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析运动时间及频率、饮食结构与超重、肥胖的相关性。结果 不同性别、年龄组的血压升高率、超重检出率、肥胖检出率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,男生血压升高率、超重检出率、肥胖检出率高于女生;不同体质指数情况（正常、超重、肥胖）间收缩压、舒张压分布的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同年龄组的儿童青少年不同体质指数情况和血压升高比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮食结构、运动时间及频率均可以显著影响超重和肥胖的发生（P<0.05）。结论 儿童青少年饮食结构、运动时间及频率与超重和肥胖发生有一定相关性。家庭、学校、社会应引...     

脂联素基因SNP276多态性与儿童青少年肥胖的相关性研究

目的研究脂联素（APM1）基因SNP276 G/T多态性与儿童青少年单纯性肥胖及其代谢指标的相关性。方法以2004至2006年于复旦大学附属儿科医院内分泌门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖或超重儿童青少年分别作为肥胖组和超重组;选择某中学正常体重学生作为正常对照组。分别测量身高和体重,计算体重指数（BMI）。测定血清空腹葡萄糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FIns）、三酰甘油（TG）和总胆固醇（TC）水平。计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和胰岛素敏感指数（QUICKI）。抽提外周血基因组DNA,采用Taqman-MGB探针技术检测APM1基因SNP276 G/T多态性,分析不同基因型与代谢指标和BMI间的关联性。结果肥胖组纳入227例,超重组纳入231例,正常对照组纳入216名。①肥胖＋超重组的BMI、FPG、FIns、TG和HOMA-IR均显著高于正常对照组。②基因分布频率符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。③肥胖组、超重组和正常对照组的G等位基因频率分别为71.4%、72.5%和69.7%,GG基因型频率分别为50.2%、52.4%和45.8%,GT基因型频率分别为42.3%、40.3%和47.7%;各组差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。④SNP276 GG、GT和TT基因型的BMI、FPG、FIns、TG、TC、HOMA-IR和QUICKI差异均无统计学意义（P=0.49～0.99）。⑤肥胖＋超重组IFG儿童青少年中GG＋GT型有70例,TT型4例;正常对照组IFG儿童青少年中GG＋GT型有10例,TT型0例;两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.45）。结论APM1基因SNP276 G/T多态性与青少年儿童单纯性肥胖及其代谢指标间无显著关联性,提示该SNP位点可能存在种族特异性。     

2001年河北省儿童青少年血压及相关因素分析

目的探讨河北省健康儿童青少年的血压分布与性别、年龄、城乡以及生长指标的相关性。方法采用分层不等整群抽样的原则,在河北省的两市、两县中随机抽取检测人群,体检确定为健康的5268名10～18岁的儿童、青少年,进行血压、身高和体重等指标的测定。结果儿童、青少年的血压随着年龄的增长而升高,城市男、女儿童、青少年的血压高于农村(P<0·001),尤其以舒张压更明显;男性和女性的血压偏高率分别为7·5%和6·8%,总血压偏高率为7·2%,高于以往同地区儿童、青少年的血压偏高率;血压偏高者其收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体重和BMI值均显著高于同年龄、同性别的血压正常者(P<0·001);Pearson相关分析显示,男、女学生收缩压和舒张压与年龄、身高、体重、BMI均呈正相关(P<0·001),其中男生血压与身高、体重,女生与体重的相关系数较大。结论河北地区儿童、青少年的血压偏高率高于该地区已报道值;体重偏高或肥胖儿童、青少年应注意控制体重,以降低患原发性高血压的危险性。     

深圳市龙岗区中小学生超重、肥胖状况调查分析

目的分析深圳市龙岗区中小学生超重与肥胖状况。方法采用多级分层整群抽样法对深圳市龙岗区7所中小学校7～18岁的学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。应用＂中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质指数分类标准＂筛查出各年龄组男女生超重与肥胖人数,分析比较各年龄组男女生超重与肥胖检出率。结果深圳市龙岗区中小学生男生超重、肥胖率分别为12.27%和7.65%,女生超重、肥胖率分别为8.71%和5.25%,男女生超重率均高于肥胖率。小学男、女生超重检出率分别为14.43%和10.20%（χ2=24.901,P〈0.01）,小学男、女生肥胖检出率分别为10.65%和7.19%（χ2=22.130,P〈0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。中学男、女生超重检出率分别为10.10%和7.16%（χ2=16.148,P〈0.01）,中学男、女生肥胖检出率分别为4.62%和3.24%（χ2=24.990,P〈0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。结论深圳市龙岗区中小学生超重与肥胖问题严重,尤其是小学男生。各学校、社区、家庭及有关管理部门应进一步加强中小学生的健康卫生教育工作,防止中小学生超重、肥胖进一步蔓延。     

内蒙古牧区蒙古族体质指数与高血压及血脂相关

目的 了解内蒙古牧区蒙古族体质指数与高血压、血脂的关系.方法 对18岁以上951人蒙古族人群进行体质指数与高血压及血脂的关系进行调查分析.结果 蒙古族人群的超重与肥胖检出率男性大于女性(P＜0.01),高血压和血脂异常患病率随体质指数的增加而增大.超重与肥胖组人群高血压和血脂异常患病率显著高于正常组(P＜0.01).高血压和血脂异常患病率与体质指数呈正相关.结论 蒙古民族体质指数是高血压和血脂异常患者的危险因素.控制体质量可以有效的预防和减少慢性疾病的发生.     

肥胖儿童血压及其与X线心脏大小的关系

目的：探讨不同判定标准下3～7岁单纯肥胖儿童高血压发生率,以及血压与心脏大小的相关性。方法：体质测量、血压测量、X线测量心脏大小,对有关数据的相关性进行统计学分析。结果：肥胖儿童血压及不同标准下高血压检出率显著地高于正常儿童。高血压肥胖儿童心脏大小10个指标均大于非高血压肥胖者。血压与心脏面积、心脏体积呈低～中度相关。结论：高血压肥胖儿童心脏向各个方向增大,与非高血压者有显著差异。血压与心脏体积指数关系不密切,血压升高,会引起心脏增大和受累。     

海南省6-18岁在校学生高血压现患率及其影响因素分析

背景：儿童青少年高血压近年来检出率增高,是值得关注的公共卫生问题。目前,没有针对海南省全省儿童青少年高血压流行现状和影响因素的探索。儿童青少年高血压早期无明显临床症状,不易被发现。目的：了解海南省6-18岁在校学生高血压流行现状、分布特征及其影响因素,为早期精准预防及干预提供理论依据。方法：收集2013-2020年海南省18个市县在校学生健康监测数据,共纳入6 253 567条信息,其中男生3 408 734(54.51%)条信息,女生2 844 833(45.49%)条信息。分别采用《中国3-17岁儿童性别、年龄别和身高别血压参照标准》《中国高血压防治指南2018年修订版》《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查界值WS＿T586-2018》《7岁-18岁儿童青少年高腰围筛查界值WS＿T611-2018》《儿童青少年发育水平的综合评价》标准评估6-17岁儿童青少年血压、18岁青少年血压、体质量指数、腰围和肺活量指数,是否为腹型肥胖采用国际推荐标准判定,即腰围身高比(WHtR)≥0.5为腹型肥胖。采用Spearman相关分析和多分类Logistic回归模型分析体质量指数、腰围、腰围身高比、肺活量...     

肥胖男性少年足底动态压力变化参数

背景：青少年肥胖常引发扁平足、足、膝内外翻等症状。 目的：了解13~15岁肥胖男生足底压力参数的分布特点,认识对青少年身体平衡能力等方面所产生的影响。 方法：随机选择长春市东北师范大学附属中学13~15岁的健康在校男生60人,根据体质量指数标准分为18.5~24.9 kg/m²的对照组,25~30 kg/m²的超重组和大于30 kg/m²的肥胖组,各20人。借助比利时footscan足底压力测试系统,分析各组自然行走时足底动态压力分布变化特征。 结果与结论：不同体质量男生的足底垂直力-时间曲线的足跟着地时的冲击峰和足完全放平时出现的谷值出现在步态周期的百分比随体质量的增加而加长;超重组和肥胖组足弓部位的触地时间明显大于对照组,同时足弓和足跟的接触面积百分比增大,而前足的百分比值减小;超重组和肥胖组的足底总峰值压强明显大于对照组,足底总压强与体质量呈正相关,足底的接触面积和体质量之间存在着明显的正相关;除了足跟和第1趾骨外,超重组和肥胖组其他各部位及总的压强变化率均大于对照组。说明超重于肥胖可使男生足底压力发生变化。     

西藏日喀则地区成年僧人体质状况与血压水平的相关性分析

目的:探讨西藏日喀则地区成年僧人体质状况与血压水平的相关性,为高血压的早期预防提供相关依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法,对居住在西藏日喀则地区成年僧人155例的血压(BP)、身高、体质量、腰围(WC)、臀围进行测量,并计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)和腰身比(WHtR)。结果:155例检测者中高血压的患病率是29%,高血压组在年龄、BMI、WC、WHR和WHtR等方面均高于血压正常组。收缩压和舒张压均随着年龄的增加呈升高趋势;脉压亦随着年龄的增大而增大;高血压的患病率也随着年龄的增加而逐步增大。随着全身性肥胖指标BMI的增加,血压各水平和高血压患病率均升高。各中心性肥胖组的血压水平和高血压患病率均明显高于非肥胖组。Pearson线性相关分析显示,BMI、WC、WH-R和WHtR与收缩压、舒张压和脉压均呈正直线相关。以高血压为因变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,BMI、WC和WHtR是血压变化的独立影响因素。结论:西藏日喀则地区成年僧人血压水平与体质状况密切相关,高血压患病率和肥胖率均较高,应予以足够重视,积极控制全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖,从而防治高血压的发生。     

老年人血浆游离脂肪酸浓度、血糖水平与肥胖的关系

目的 研究老年人血浆游离脂肪酸(FFA)浓度、空腹血糖水平与超重及肥胖的关系.方法 对154例年龄≥60岁的志愿者,依据体重指数(BMI)分为肥胖组(41名)、超重组(39名)和正常体重组(74名),抽取空腹静脉血,检测血糖、胰岛素、血游离脂肪酸.结果 肥胖组、超重组FFA均显著高于正常体重组(P＜0.01).肥胖组空腹血糖高于超重组、正常体重组(P＜0.01),超重组空腹血糖高于正常体重组(P＜0.01).正常体重组、超重组FFA均与空腹血糖正相关(r:0.588、0.680,P均＜0.05),与胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)负相关(r=:-0.387、-0.354,P均＜0.05);肥胖组FFA与空腹血糖正相关(r =0.340,P＜0.05),与胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)无相关(P＞0.05).在以FFA为应变量的多元回归方程中,空腹血糖、ISI进入方程(R2 =0.451,P＜0.01).结论 血游离脂肪酸浓度与血糖水平相互影响,并与老年超重、肥胖密切相关.     

郴州市部分初中学生身体形态现状调查与分析

目的了解郴州市初中学生身体形态现状,为开展学校健康教育提供参考依据。方法选择郴州市6所学校部分初中生作为检测对象,采用2007年WHO年龄别身高筛查生长迟滞,年龄别体质指数筛查消瘦,计算两类营养不良检出率。参照国际生命科学学会中国肥胖工作组（WGOC）颁布的《中国学生超重、肥胖BMI筛查标准》,计算各年龄组男、女生超重和肥胖检出率。结果调查2566人,生长迟滞率发生为4.36%,消瘦率为6.39%,超重率为9.63%,肥胖率为2.18%。男生超重、肥胖检出率显著高于女生且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而在生长迟滞、消瘦发生率男女生差异则无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论郴州市初中学生的消瘦和肥胖的检出率低于全国平均水平,但是仍需要重视生长迟滞及男生超重、肥胖的预防。     

广州市457名在校学生肥胖和血脂紊乱状况分析

目的分析广州市457名在校学生肥胖和血脂紊乱状况。方法随机抽取广州市区小学、初中、高中各一所学校的学生共457名，测量身高、体重、脂肪含量，采集静脉血测定总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、甘油三酯（TG），按照美国国家胆固醇教育计划（NCEP）推荐的儿童血脂异常诊断标准进行分析。中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数依据中国肥胖问题工作组推荐标准。结果该样本中31．1％出现血脂紊乱，超重＋肥胖率为36．3％，肥胖率为15．8％；血脂紊乱发生率在体型正常者中与超重或肥胖者中有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；TC和脂肪含量在男女性别之间总体均数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；体重指数（BMI）除LDL-C外，与TG、TC、HDL—C相关系数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论此次调查结果显示，457名学生中，按照青少年肥胖分级，超重与肥胖率已达到Ⅲ级水平中的高度警戒水平。     

Overweight and obesity in affluent school children of Punjab

In the present cross-sectional study, an attempt has been made to report the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-going children of the affluent families of Punjab. A total of 1000 children (490 boys and 510 girls) were measured for height and weight. Overweight and obesity were assessed using age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off points. In the present study, 12.24% boys and 14.31% girls were overweight, and 5.92% boys and 6.27% girls were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the affluent school children of Punjab was as high or higher as in some developed countries.     

Overweight and obesity in affluent school children of Punjab

In the present cross-sectional study, an attempt has been made to report the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-going children of the affluent families of Punjab. A total of 1000 children (490 boys and 510 girls) were measured for height and weight. Overweight and obesity were assessed using age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off points. In the present study, 12.24% boys and 14.31% girls were overweight, and 5.92% boys and 6.27% girls were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the affluent school children of Punjab was as high or higher as in some developed countries.     

广州市某农村居民高血压患病率及其与体重指数的关系

目的了解农村居民高血压患病情况及其与体重指数（BMI）的关系。方法对广州市某农村602名≥15岁村民进行问卷调查及身高、体重和血压的测量,资料采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析。结果调查人群高血压的总患病率为18.91%,其中男性为20.10%,女性为18.39%,男性与女性高血压患病率均随着年龄的增加而增加。BMI与收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）存在显著正相关。肥胖患病率男性高于女性,但是女性血压与BMI的相关性高于男性,特别是在肥胖组（BMI≥25）。在低体重组（BMI〈18.5）,血压与BMI无显著相关性。结论广州农村≥15岁人群高血压患病率较高,且肥胖与高血压患病正相关,BMI控制在正常范围对控制高血压有重要意义。     

The relationship between resting blood pressure,body mass index and lean body mass index in British children

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood is associated with overweight and obesity. However, lean body mass index (LBMI, cm²/kg) has been suggested as a better means than body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) by which to consider the relations between weight status and health indices in children.

Objective: To assess the relationship between resting BP and weight status in youth whilst considering BMI and LBMI when examining this issue.

Methods and procedures: Height, body mass and resting blood pressure were assessed in 384 boys and 277 girls, aged 11–14 years from Central England.

Results: SBP was significantly lower in ‘normal weight’ children compared to overweight and obese children and in overweight compared to obese children (both p = 0.0001). DBP was significantly lower in ‘normal weight’ children compared to those classified as overweight (p = 0.006). BMI and LBMI were both significant predictors of SBP and DBP (p = 0.0001). However, LBMI was normally distributed, unlike BMI, and was a better predictor of BP than BMI.

Conclusions: Overweight and obesity is associated with higher resting BP in British children. However, when examining the effect of weight status on BP, the researcher should consider use of LBMI over BMI.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-9-year-old Portuguese children: trends in body mass index from 1970-2002.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children age 7-9 years and to analyze trends in body mass index (BMI) from 1970-2002. Data were collected from October 2002 to June 2003 in a random sample of Portuguese children. Height and weight were measured and BMI (Kg/m(2)) was calculated. The International Obesity TaskForce (IOTF) cutoffs to define overweight and obesity were used. In the total sample we found 20.3% of overweight children and 11.3% of obese children. These results indicate a prevalence of overweight/obesity of 31.5%. Girls presented higher percentages of overweight than boys except at age 7.5. Girls also showed a higher percentages of obesity than boys except at age 9. From 1970 to 1992 and 1992 to 2002, height, weight, and BMI increased at different velocities: weight increased faster than height, and, consequently, BMI increased more in the last period than in the first one, leading to an increase in obesity values. Compared to published data by IOTF on other European countries, who applied the same methods to define overweight and obesity, Portuguese children showed the second-highest mean values in overweight/obesity. Italy showed the highest values (36%). The present study shows a very high prevalence of overweight/obesity (31.5%) in Portuguese children compared to other European countries. Portugal followed the trend of other Mediterranean countries like Spain (30%), Greece (31%), and Italy (36%). These high values require a national intervention program to control childhood obesity.     

Differences in development and the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in different socioeconomic status districts in Shandong,China

Background: There are wide-ranging differences in human growth, not only between ethnic groups but also between regions. Shandong is one of the most populous provinces in China, with inequalities of regional economic status. However, no studies on the differences in development among children and adolescents in different districts have been reported.

Aim: This study assessed the differences in height, weight and prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents of different socioeconomic status (SES) districts in Shandong, China.

Subjects and methods: Data for this study were obtained from a large cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren. A total of 42 286 students (21 222 boys and 21 064 girls) aged 7–18 years from 16 districts participated in this study. Height and weight of all subjects were measured and BMI was calculated from their height and weight. Prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were determined by comparing calculated BMIs (kg/m²) to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. Each of the 16 districts was assigned an SES ranking (low, moderate, high) based on per capita GDP and income in urban and rural areas. Comparisons of height, weight and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different groups were made.

Results: Significant differences between SES groups were observed for height, weight and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Boys and girls from high SES group were taller, heavier and more likely to be obese than their peers from moderate and low SES groups. The prevalences of combined overweight and obesity in the three SES groups were 18.46%, 21.08% and 27.31% in boys and 10.43%, 12.42% and 15.18% in girls, respectively.

Conclusion: There have been obvious regional variations in development and the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in Shandong, China, These variations in development and prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents among different SES districts being related to the local SES, process of urbanization, living environments, nutritional status, dietary pattern, physical activity and public health.     

血浆促酰化蛋白水平与儿童青少年肥胖和代谢综合征的关联性分析

目的探讨儿童青少年血浆促酰化蛋白（ASP）水平与肥胖及代谢综合征（MS）的关系。方法以2004年北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征（BCAMS）调查总样本中1603名6～18岁儿童青少年为研究对象。采用中国肥胖问题工作组推荐的标准诊断超重和肥胖。符合下述5项指标中的3项及以上者诊断为MS：①腹型肥胖（腰围≥‰）；②高血压（≥P90）；③高密度脂蛋白胆固醇≤1．03mmol·L^-1；④三酰甘油≥1．24mmol·L^-1；⑤高空腹血糖（≥5．60mmol·L^-1）。采用ELISA法检测血浆ASP水平，免疫透射比浊法检测补体3（c3）水平。采用方差分析比较超重、肥胖及MS儿童青少年的血浆ASP水平，多因素Logistic回归分析血浆ASP水平与超重、肥胖及MS的关系。结果1603名研究对象中男性873名（54．5％）、女性730名（45．5％）；超重和肥胖者分别为291名（18．2％）和709名（44．2％）；MS为376名（23．4％）。正常体重、超重和肥胖组MS检出率分别为2．2％（13／603名）、15．5％（45／291名）和44．9％（318／709名）。正常体重组血浆ASP水平男性低于女性，差异有统计学意义（t=2．527，P〈0．05）。正常体重、超重和肥胖组血浆ASP的几何均值（P25-P75），男性分别为37．52（22．36～64．58）、57．88（34．10～95．11）和60．63（35．30～109．72）nmol·L^-1；女性分别为44．16（27．27～74．72）、60．25（35．68～113．15）和66．68（44．56-113．97）nmol·L^-1，均呈逐渐升高趋势（男性：，=34．329，P〈0．001；女性：F=22．246，P〈0．001）。C3水平仅在肥胖女性中升高（P〈0．01）。血浆ASP水平随MS组分聚集的数目增加而升高（男性：F=16．422，P〈0．001；女性：F=9．661，P〈0．001），与高血压、腹型肥胖和高空腹血糖的关系尤为密切。血浆ASP水平升高与儿童青少年超重、肥胖和MS的患病风险密切相关，相对于最低5分位值，位于最高5分位值的ASP水平与超重、肥胖和MS关系的OR值（95％CI）分别为3．90（2．38～6．39）、6．05（4．06～9．01）和2．89（1．93～4．33）。结论超重、肥胖和MS儿童青少年血浆ASP水平明显升高，血浆ASP水平可能对儿童青少年超重、肥胖和MS的发生具有较好的预测价值。