CT引导下经皮注射醋酸治疗肾上腺醛固酮腺瘤(附9例分析)

目的 :研究CT引导下经皮注射 5 0 %醋酸治疗肾上腺醛固酮腺瘤的可行性。材料和方法 :对 9例肾上腺醛固酮腺瘤患者进行CT引导下经皮注射醋酸治疗 ,观察治疗前后血压、血醛固酮、血钾的变化。CT平扫或增强扫描 ,观察肿瘤大小和坏死情况。结果 :1血醛固酮水平 :1月后复查血醛固酮 ,9例患者均恢复到正常范围内 ,随访 2月～ 3年 ,6例患者血醛固酮均在正常范围内 ,3例未再查血醛固酮。 2血钾水平 :9例患者 1月后复查血钾均恢复到正常范围内 ,随访 2月～ 3年 ,9例患者血钾均在正常范围内。 3血压变化 :术后用降压药维持血压在正常范围内的数量和剂量减少 ,1月后停服所有降压药 ,7例患者血压一直在正常范围内 ;另外 2例患者 ,术后 1月血压邻近正常 ,服小剂量降压药可维持血压在正常范围内 ,降压药数量和剂量较以前明显减少。 4肾上腺CT扫描 :6例患者进行了肾上腺CT扫描复查。CT表现为原肾上腺肿瘤结节消失或残留一些瘢痕组织。结论 :CT引导下经皮注射醋酸治疗肾上腺醛固酮腺瘤是一种具有简便、微创、安全、费用低的有效治疗方法。     

腹腔镜在手术治疗原发性醛固酮增多症中应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在手术治疗原发性醛固酮增多症中应用的临床效果。方法收集自2013年2月至2016年2月收治的行手术治疗的原发性醛固酮增多症患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为常规组(n=30)与观察组(n=30)。常规组采用常规开放手术行腺瘤切除术或肾上腺全切除术,观察组采用腹腔镜行腺瘤切除术或肾上腺全切除术。记录并比较两组患者围术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、术后止痛剂使用量、术后排气、恢复进食时间、首次下床时间及住院时间),治疗前及治疗2个月后收缩压、舒张压、立位醛固酮、血钾及空腹血糖水平。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量及术中输血量明显少于常规组患者,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后止痛剂使用量、术后排气、恢复进食时间、首次下床时间及住院时间均明显短于常规组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者收缩压、舒张压、立位醛固酮、血钾及空腹血糖水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2个月后,两组患者上述指标水平均较治疗前显著改善,且观察组患者收缩压、舒张压、立位醛固酮、空腹血糖水平明显低于常规组,血钾明显高于常规组,治疗前后及组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下手术治疗原发性醛固酮增多症患者,创伤小、康复快,可缩短住院时间,且还能有效改善患者血压、立位醛固酮、血钾及空腹血糖水平。     

肾上腺腺瘤与恶性肿瘤的CT鉴别诊断

ＣＴ扫描是肾上腺疾病影像诊断的主要方法之一。笔者通过对１０６例肾上腺瘤和恶性肿瘤的各种ＣＴ征象进行综合分析，进一步探讨ＣＴ扫描对两者的鉴别诊断价值。１　材料与方法男性７１例，女性３５例，年龄２４～７９岁，平均４８．９岁。病例包括肾上腺腺瘤５１例，其中无功能腺瘤２３例、Ｃｕｓｈｉｎｇ综合征腺瘤９例、原发性醛固酮增多症（Ｃｏｎｎ腺瘤）１９例；肾上腺皮质腺癌１２例，原发性恶性淋巴瘤１例，上述病例除５例无功能腺瘤随访半年以上无改变，１例Ｃｏｎｎ腺瘤由临床和生化证实外，其它病例都经手术病理证实；转移瘤４２…     

肾上腺腺瘤和非腺瘤的动态增强CT检查

目的采用规范化的动态增强CT检查技术,对大样本病例进行深人地多角度评价．使肾上腺肿瘤动态增强CT检查能够在临床上广泛应用。资料与月法经手术和临床证实的70例共79个肾上腺肿块（腺瘤44个．非腺瘤35个）分别以相同的扫描条件行CT平扫和动态增强检查（静脉注人对比剂后30s开始扫描）,然后延时1、2、3、5．7min扫描。剂量1．2ml／kg体重,注射流率2．5ml／s。分析评价肾上腺肿块的T—D曲线和廓清率Wash（相对廓清率Washr和绝对廓清率Washa）。结果T—D曲线分为5种类型,即A、B、C、D和E各型。腺瘤的特征曲线为A、C型,非腺瘤为B、D、E型（P=0．000）。Washr和Washa于腺瘤和非腺瘤间存在显著性差异（P=0．000）,腺瘸的Washr和Washa均高于非腺瘤,并且Washr诊断效果优于Washa。7min延时点诊断价值较大．Washr≥34HU提示为腺瘤．反之提示为非腺瘤。结论肾上腺CT动态增强检查能够对腺瘤和非腺瘤尤其对乏脂性腺瘤与非腺瘤的鉴别诊断具有较大价值。     

腹腔镜肾上腺切除术的现状与展望

在肾上腺疾病治疗中．传统的开放性肾上腺切除术（OA），疗效虽然可靠，但由于肾上腺位置深，术野暴露困难，常需较大的手术切口，肌肉和神经易受损，有时还需切除一段肋骨，存在着手术创伤大、术后疼痛较重、恢复慢等缺点。自Gagner于1992年首次报道腹腔镜肾上腺切除术后，此项技术逐渐推广应用。腹腔镜肾上腺切除术（LA）完全可以达到开放手术的目的．而且具有损伤小、切口小、出血少．术后疼痛轻、恢复快、疤痕小、安全有效等优点．较开放手术更具优势。近年来有取代开放性手术的趋势，腹腔镜肾上腺切除术（LA）被认为是肾上腺手术的首选治疗方法及金标准。本文就其临床应用的现状及进展进行探讨、综述。     

原发性醛固酮增多症的肾上腺CT检查（附23例分析）

本文对我院从１９９０年５月到１９９４年３月间经手术病理证实的２３例原发性醛固酮增多症的肾上腺ＣＴ表现作了回顾性分析。结果发现肾上腺腺瘤１４例，除１例病灶直径达２２ｍｍ外，其余１３例病灶均≤１５ｍｍ；结节样增生９例，除１例最大直径为１１ｍｍ外，其余８例≤８ｍｍ。同时对原发性醛固酮增多症的ＣＴ检查方法，肾上腺腺瘤和结节样增生的ＣＴ表现及特征进行了讨论。     

不典型肾上腺腺瘤的CT 影像误诊分析

目的：通过回顾性分析11例不典型肾上腺腺瘤的C T影像特征及误诊原因,以提高诊断准确率。方法收集近几年经手术病理确诊的不典型肾上腺腺瘤11例,均行C T平扫及三期增强扫描,结合临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例肾上腺腺瘤中,高强化腺瘤2例,肿块最大径＞4cm的大腺瘤8例,双侧腺瘤1例。高强化腺瘤在C T增强表现为快进快退;大腺瘤中囊性密度和强化较低的2例,肿瘤内出血的无功能肾上腺瘤1例,CT增强表现为快进快退伴偏心囊变的5例,双侧高强化的肾上腺腺瘤1例。结论详细分析不典型肾上腺腺瘤的CT特征,密切联系临床病史、实验室结果和M RI检查,可提高不典型肾上腺腺瘤的诊断准确率。     

伽马刀结合手术切除治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效分析

目的单纯伽马刀治疗及与显微神经外科手术结合治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效分析。方法回顾性分析经伽马刀或显微神经外科手术结合伽马刀治疗的137例垂体腺瘤患者资料,其中单纯伽马刀治疗95例,手术结合伽马刀治疗42例,随访6～64个月,对治疗后的临床症状、内分泌结果及MRI表现进行统计分析。结果137例患者中,临床症状缓解者124例（90．5％）,其中手术后行伽马刀治疗患者37例,只行伽马刀治疗患者87例。治疗后功能性垂体腺瘤内分泌激素水平恢复正常或降低者96例（93．2％）。MRI复查瘤体缩小者118例（86．1％）。结论对于垂体腺瘤来说,伽马刀是一种积极有效的治疗手段;单纯伽马刀或与显微神经外科手术结合治疗是治愈绝大多数垂体腺瘤患者的最佳方案。     

肾上腺大腺瘤的CT征象分析及大小腺瘤的病理特征对比

目的 分析肾上腺大腺瘤的CT征象,对比大、小腺瘤的病理特征,提高对肾上腺大腺瘤的认识.方法 分析经手术病理证实的14例肾上腺大腺瘤的CT征象及30例小腺瘤的病理征象.按照肿瘤细胞构成、瘤内囊变、出血发生率3方面对比大、小腺瘤的病理特征.结果 CT征象:14例单侧单发;3例边界欠清楚,11例边界清楚;14例形态较规则;大小介于5 cm×5.5 cm～18 cm×20 cm之间;平扫密度不均匀,3例瘤内见钙化,6例瘤内见囊变;增强扫描大部分呈中度不均匀强化.病理特征:小腺瘤细胞构成以透明细胞为主,大腺瘤则致密细胞为主型和透明细胞、致密细胞兼有的比例相当;3例小腺瘤和6例大腺瘤瘤内发生囊变;5例小腺瘤和4例大腺瘤瘤内出血;统计学分析,大、小腺瘤的细胞构成无显著性差异,大腺瘤囊变发生率高于小腺瘤,大、小腺瘤出血发生率无显著性差异. 结论肾上腺大腺瘤囊变发生率高于小腺瘤,大、小腺瘤的细胞构成及出血发生率无显著性差异.     

肾上腺手术282例分析

为探讨肾上腺肿瘤的病种分布特点及诊断方法 ,对 1993年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月住院行肾上腺手术的 2 82例病案资料行回顾性分析。其中男 135例 ,女 14 7例 ,年龄 4 3 6± 13 0岁 ;病变位于左侧 136例 ,右侧 131例 ,双侧 15例 ;肾上腺皮质肿瘤 16 1例 ,髓质肿瘤 75例 ,间叶病变 33例 ,转移恶性肿瘤 13例。有内分泌功能的肿瘤中以醛固酮增多症最多 ,为 83例 ,库欣综合征 2 7例 ,嗜铬细胞瘤 5 9例 (19例为意外发现 )。意外瘤共 10 5例(37 2 % ) ,恶性肿瘤共 36例 (12 8% )。肾上腺肿瘤的最大直径为 4 8± 3 4cm(0 3～ 2 2 5cm) ,醛固酮腺瘤最小 ,恶性肿瘤最大。2 82例术前诊断与术后病理诊断的符合率为 6 5 2 % ,其中有内分泌功能的皮质腺瘤符合率最高     

Adrenal adenoma in a patient with Gardner's syndrome. A case report

Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple colorectal polyposis associated with various soft and hard tissue tumors. We report a case of adrenal adenoma in a 37-year-old woman with Gardner's syndrome. Although extraintestinal neoplasms, particularly adrenal lesions, are a rare association, an increased awareness is important.     

Adrenal hemangioma‐adenoma: An exceedingly rare adrenal collision tumor

Adrenal collision tumors are rare clinical entities referring to separate coexisting adjacent tumors involving an adrenal gland with sharp demarcation between the two and without a substantial histologic admixture at the interface. We report a case of a 60‐year‐old female patient with an exceedingly rare adrenal hemangioma‐adenoma collision tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a collision tumor comprising an adrenal hemangioma and an adenoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:949–952. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Adrenal lesions with heterogeneous suppression on chemical shift imaging: clinical implications

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency and significance of adrenal lesions that demonstrate heterogeneous suppression on chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search of adrenal lesions identified on MR from November 1997-July 2001 was performed. The adrenal lesions were classified as having suppression typical for an adenoma, nonsuppression, or atypical heterogeneous suppression. Lesions with heterogeneous suppression were further reviewed. Follow-up for the heterogeneous lesions consisted of imaging studies or pathology from surgical excision. RESULTS: Adrenal lesions were identified in 242 patients. Heterogeneously suppressing lesions were seen in 34 (14%) patients. Several different patterns of heterogeneous suppression were identified. Imaging or pathologic follow-up was available for 18 of the heterogeneously suppressing lesions (one patient had both). Fifteen patients with follow-up imaging showed stability of the lesion over a significant interval, suggesting a benign lesion. Pathology was available for four patients revealing two patients with adenomas and two patients with nodular hyperplasia. Thus, all 18 patients with heterogeneous suppression had a benign lesion. CONCLUSION: Adrenal lesions that have a heterogeneous pattern of suppression on out-of-phase chemical shift MR images are a common finding. Our small series suggest that these lesions are probably benign.     

针灸预处理对心脏手术患者预后影响的Meta分析

 目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价针灸预处理对心脏手术患者预后的影响。方法 系统检索PubMed,Cochrane Library, Web of Science,EMBASE,中国期刊全文数据库,万方数据库,中文科技期刊全文数据库中关于针灸预处理对心脏手术患者预后影响的文献,利用RevMan 5.3软件对符合要求的纳入研究结果进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入13个随机对照试验研究,979例Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,针灸预处理可显著缩短心脏术后患者机械通气时间[MD=1.73, 95% CI (1.41, 2.05), P< 0.00001],减少体外循环后患者ICU停留时间[MD=9.01, 95% CI (2.87, 15.14), P= 0.004]和住院时间[MD=2.00, 95% CI (1.01, 2.98), P< 0.0001],减少心脏手术患者术后3 d认知功能障碍发生率[RR=0.24, 95% CI (0.12, 0.48), P< 0.0001]和术后24 h恶心呕吐的发生率[RR=0.52, 95% CI (0.36, 0.74), P= 0.0003],减轻患者术后疼痛评分[MD=0.39, 95% CI (0.19,0.58), P< 0.0001]。结论 针灸预处理可改善心脏手术患者预后,减少术后不良反应的发生。     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤:MRI与术中对照研究(附35例回顾分析)

目的:探讨MRI推断侵袭性垂体瘤质地、侵袭性的价值。方法:35例行MR检查侵袭性垂体瘤病人,测量T1WI及T2WI肿瘤信号与脑白质信号的比值和强化前后肿瘤T1WI信号强度比值,与其术中所见及术后病理对照,术中据肿瘤硬度分为质软、中等、硬;术后瘤体送检,结果进行统计学分析。结果:T2WI瘤体与白质信号比值与瘤体质地有明显相关性(P<0.01);MRI所示垂体瘤海绵窦及鞍周侵袭与术中及术后病理总符合率达85.3%。结论:MRI可以在术前准确预测侵袭性垂体瘤的质地、侵袭性。     

股骨髋臼撞击综合征非手术治疗与关节镜手术治疗效果比较的Meta分析

 目的 采用Meta分析对股骨髋臼撞击综合征患者采取关节镜手术治疗和非手术治疗的临床效果进行比较,为临床治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征提供循证证据。方法 检索 PubMed、Embase、 Cochrane 图书馆、中国知网、万方知网等数据库中比较非手术和关节镜手术治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征的临床随机对照研究,经过严格的质量评价后使用 RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta 分析。临床指标为iHOT-33评分、HOS-ADL评分。结果 共纳入3篇文献,Meta 分析结果显示,HOS-ADL评分关节镜手术治疗组高于非手术治疗组,差异有统计学意义(MD＝7.80,95%CI:2.95～12.656,P＜0.05),两组iHOT-33评分差异无统计学意义(MD＝2.35,95%CI:-12.62～17.33,P＞0.05)。结论 Meta分析结果表明,髋关节镜手术治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征能够取得较高的HOS-ADL评分,而iHOT-33评分两种治疗方法的差异无统计学意义。     

Is it necessary to perform prehabilitation exercise for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objectives: This study was designed to test whether it is necessary to perform prehabilitation exercise for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: Literatures were identified from Pubmed, Clinicaltrials, Cochrane library, and SpringerLink. All studies that compared a prehabilitation exercise group with control group before TKA were included. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were quadriceps strength and functional ability in short term (1.5 to 3 months) after TKA.

Results: There was significant difference in the length of hospital stay, knee range of motion (ROM) and sit-to-stand test (P＜0.05). No statistical differences were found in quadriceps strength, 6-minute walk, ROM, knee extension, knee flexion, WOMAC pain, WOMAC function, WOMAC stiffness between the two groups in short term after TKA (P＞0.05).

Conclusions: Our meta-analysis found that prehabilitation exercise was effective in reducing length of hospital stay. Importantly, it was an effective method for improving knee ROM and sit-to-stand test after TKA. However, there was no effect of prehabilitation exercise on the improvement of quadriceps strength, 6-minute walk, pain and functional recovery following TKA.     

快速康复外科在胆总管切开取石术中应用的对比研究

目的探讨快速康复外科（FTS）理念在胆总管切开取石术患者中的临床应用价值和安全性。方法对80例择期行胆总管切开取石患者,分别采用FTS理念指导下的围手术期处理方法（n=40）和传统的围手术期处理方法（n=40）,比较两组术后下床活动时间、排气及排便时间、进食时间、住院天数、住院费用及并发症发生情况。结果 FTS组术后进食时间、排便及排气时间、下床活动时间、住院天数明显缩短,住院费用明显减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,两组术后并发症无显著差异。结论 FTS理念在胆总管切开取石术中的应用安全、经济、有效,不仅使患者术后恢复加快,同时还可缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Cochlea sparing with a stratified scheme of dose limitation employed in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A dosimetry study

Hearing loss is 1 of the major complications after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, how to minimize dose to cochlea in order to reduce the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss is a critical task. This study is to investigate a stratified scheme of cochlea sparing based on T stage in intensity-modulated radiotherapy. We designed a comparison between 2 plans of cochlea sparing plan (C-Plan) and regular noncochlea sparing plan (R-Plan) from 19 NPC patients with 2, 3, 8, and 6 cases of T1, T2, T3, and T4 stage, respectively. The outcomes showed that target coverage parameters and dose-volume histogram features were of no significant difference, with a significant difference in dose distribution between C-Plan and R-Plan in cochlea and eustachian, e.g., ipsilateral cochlea D_mean 4619.75 ± 1134.09 cGy in C-Plan and 5061.03 ± 1121.09 cGy in R-Plan (p = 0.000), contralateral cochlea D_mean 4386.73 ± 945.14 cGy in C-Plan and 4991.38 ± 961.21 cGy in R-Plan (p = 0.000). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in dose distribution in spinal cord, brainstem, and other OARs. Our dosimetry study showed cochlea sparing in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for NPC reduced cochlea dose to different extent, so we suggested a stratified scheme of cochlea sparing based on T stage could be a useful and practical tool for both physicists and radiation doctors.     

Clinical experience with less invasive surgery techniques in total knee arthroplasty: a comparative study

We compared 25 consecutive cases of total knee arthroplasty performed through less invasive techniques with 25 cases of age and BMI matched cases of standard knee replacements. Early experience suggests functional recovery is earlier with less invasive technique as compared with open access. Patients in less invasive group had better knee flexion (an average of 116 degrees compared to 97 degrees ), walking ability and stair climbing at 6 months than those with standard technique at 6 months. At 2 years this difference was maintained to a lesser extent. More patients with less invasive group could kneel and could do "normal up and down" the stairs at 6 months and also at 2 years. There was no significant difference in alignment and component sizing between the two groups. This should translate to similar long term results after less invasive knee arthroplasty as after open access total knee arthroplasty.