内脂素、抵抗素与男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度及骨代谢关系的研究

目的 研究内脂素、抵抗素与男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度及骨代谢指标关系。 方法 收集我院就诊的男性2型糖尿病患者225例,根据体重指数分为肥胖组107例及非肥胖组118例,对照组为120例非糖尿病正常男性。体格检查计算腰臀比（WHR）及体重指数（BMI）,酶联免疫法( ELISA)测定血清内脂素、抵抗素水平,双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎（L2-L4）及左股骨颈骨密度。 结果 肥胖糖尿病组BMI及WHR高于其他组（P<0.05）;肥胖及非肥胖糖尿病组的内脂素、抵抗素水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,且肥胖组高于非肥胖组（P<0.05）。肥胖及非肥胖糖尿病组的BGP、CTX-1水平低于对照组。非肥胖糖尿病组腰椎及股骨颈骨密度明显低于正常组与肥胖组（P<0.05）,且肥胖组的腰椎骨密度高于对照组,但股骨颈骨密度两组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。直线相关分析显示BMI、WHR、内脂素、抵抗素均与BGP、CTX-1负相关,BMI及WHR与腰椎及股骨颈骨密度正相关,内脂素、抵抗素与腰椎骨密度呈正相关（P<0.05）,但与股骨颈骨密度无明显相关（P>0.05）。 结论 血清内脂素、抵抗素水平与男性2型糖尿病患者骨代谢水平及腰椎骨密度相关。     

绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨密度和骨代谢指标测定

目的 探讨绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者骨密度(BMD)和骨代谢指标的变化.方法 采用双能x线骨密度吸收仪(DEXA)测定178例绝经前女性SLE患者以及60例正常对照组的腰椎、股骨颈的骨密度以及T值,血钙、磷浓度,血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、血清骨钙素(BGP)、尿I型胶原交联氨基末端肽(NTX)水平,并将SLE组患者分为SLE初诊组与治疗组,分别对其数据进行统计分析.结果 SLE初诊组的腰椎BMD,股骨颈BMD及T值,血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组均无明显差异,而腰椎骨密度T值、血清BGP较正常对照组低(P＜O.05);SLE治疗组的腰椎BMD、T值和股骨颈1值,血清BGP低于正常对照组,但股骨颈BMD、血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组差异未达统计学意义;SLE治疗组的腰椎、股骨颈BMD与T值均显著低于SLE初诊组.SLE组的骨质疏松及骨量减少率分别为6.74%、16.85%.结论 绝经前SLE患者较同年龄正常女性易发生骨质疏松,血清BGP和腰椎骨密度可能较早反映骨质疏松的发生.     

糖尿病肾脏病患者尿白蛋白排泄率与骨代谢生化指标相关性分析

目的分析2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率与骨代谢生化指标的相关性。方法选取2013年10月至2015年6月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者302名。搜集其基本资料、骨代谢生化指标及骨密度等。按尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER)的水平将其分为正常白蛋白尿组(132名)、微量白蛋白尿组(101名)、大量白蛋白尿组(69名)。并作统计学分析。结果三组间骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)比较差异无统计学意义,2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D3、1型前胶原氨基末端前肽(type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide,P1NP)在大量白蛋白尿组显著低于微量白蛋白尿组、正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05);随着UAER的升高,1型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-Carboxyl terminal peptide,β-CTX)逐渐升高、骨钙素(bone alkaline phosphatase,BGP)逐渐降低,大量白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组与正常白蛋白尿组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman等级相关分析示P1NP、BGP、25(OH)D3与UAER呈负相关,β-CTX与UAER呈正相关。结论糖尿病肾脏病患者骨代谢生化指标的改变可能早于骨密度反映骨代谢异常。     

绝经后女性2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松患者骨密度与骨代谢指标的相关性分析

目的分析研究绝经后女性2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松症患者骨密度与骨代谢指标的相关性。方法选取2013年10月至2017年05月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌内科住院的绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者385名。搜集其基本资料、骨代谢指标及骨密度等。根据T值将这些患者分为骨质疏松组(233例)、骨量减少组(101例)和骨量正常组(51例),比较三组间骨代谢指标的变化,并对骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与各项骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。结果 1型前胶原氨基末端前肽(Type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide,P1NP)、骨钙素(bone Gla protein,BGP)在骨质疏松组显著高于骨量减少组、骨量正常组(P0.05);随着骨密度的降低,1型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-Carboxyl terminal peptide,β-CTX)逐渐升高,骨质疏松组、骨量减少组与骨量正常组相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Spearman等级相关分析示P1NP、BGP、β-CTX与骨密度呈负相关,25(OH)D_3与骨密度呈现正相关。结论绝经后女性2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松症患者骨密度与骨代谢指标有一定的相关性,有助于预测骨折风险并及时抗骨质疏松治疗。     

2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿与骨密度的关系

目的 研究2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿与骨密度的关系.方法 正常对照组55例,2型楮尿病患者86例.糖尿病患者根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAE)分成正常白蛋白尿组及微量白蛋白尿组.使用双能X线骨密度测量仪测量左前臂、左髋部及腰椎的骨密度(BMD).结果 女性2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿组各部位BMD较正常白蛋白尿组差异无显著性(P>0.05),但腰椎BMD较无糖尿病组增高(P<0.05).男性2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿组各部位BMD较另两组男性差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 2型糖尿病伴微量白蛋白尿的患者无明显骨量减少或骨质疏松.     

2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松发生率及骨代谢生化指标测定分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者合并骨质疏松的发生率及骨代谢生化指标变化.方法 ①对142例2型糖尿病患者进行桡骨定量骨超声测定及骨钙素、尿1型胶原C端肽及血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶等骨代谢生化指标检测,分别计算男、女2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松发生率并与非糖尿病对照人群进行比较;②分析糖尿病患者骨超声测定值(骨超声波波速,SOS,m/s)与其年龄、病程、代谢控制程度及体重指数等之间的关系;③根据骨超声测定结果将2型糖尿病患者分为合并骨质疏松组、骨量减少组与未合并骨质疏松组,比较组三间的骨代谢生化指标变化,并与健康对照组做比较.结果 ①糖尿病患者骨质疏松发生率明显高于非糖尿病人群,②糖尿病患者骨超声值与其年龄、病程、尿CTX及体重指数呈负相关,与骨钙素、糖化血红蛋白及空腹血糖未发现相关性;③糖尿病患者中合并骨质疏松组尿CTX测定明显高于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P<0.05),血PTH在骨质疏松组明显高于骨量正常组,血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶及血清骨钙素测定组间相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);总体糖尿病患者与非糖尿病对照人群相比血清骨钙素测定明显降低(P<0.05),尿CTX明显升高(P<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者较易患骨质疏松,其骨代谢改变特点是:骨形成下降、骨吸收增加,糖尿病骨代谢异常的发生与众多因素有关,在治疗糖尿病的同时,应注意骨质疏松的预防和治疗.     

老年男性2型糖尿病患者各种钙调激素与骨密度改变的关系

目的测定老年男性2型糖尿病患者各种钙调激素及骨密度,探讨老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的发病机理,为其防治提供理论依据。方法用双能X线吸收法测定70例老年男性2型糖尿病患者及60例年龄、体重指数相匹配的对照者的腰椎及髋部骨密度,并采用放免法测定血清骨钙索(BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、1,25(OH)2D3、25(OH)D3、尿羟脯氨酸(HOP)等,两组进行比较。结果 老年男性2型糖尿病患者较对照组骨密度显著降低。血BGP、CT、1,25(OH)2D3浓度低于对照组(P<0.05).TRAP、PTH、尿HOP显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年男性2型糖尿病患者PTH、CT、1,25(OH)2D3等钙调激素分泌及代谢失常,影响骨代谢,出现糖尿病性骨质疏松,表现为骨吸收增加,骨形成减少与缓慢,骨吸收过程大于骨形成。     

老年人髋部骨折与骨代谢指标的相关性研究

[目的]研究老年髋周骨折患者骨代谢生化指标，更好地预测老年髋部骨折发生的危险性。[方法]对50例（男28例，女22例）60岁以上髋部骨折患者和30例（男15例，女15例）老年健康对照组进行尿I型胶原羟基末端肽、脱氧吡啶啉和血清骨钙素测定。[结果]（1）老年髋部骨折患者尿中尿I型胶原羟基末端肽和脱氧吡啶啉水平均高于对照组（P〈O．01和P〈O．001），测定效果脱氧吡啶啉（Dpd）优于尿I型胶原羟基末端肽；（2）老年髋部骨折患者，骨折后1个月Dpd变化不大；（3）老年髋部骨折组与对照组比较，血清骨钙素（BGP）水平差异无显著性意义（P〉O．05）。[结论]老年髋部骨折患者骨吸收高于同年龄组健康人。尿中反映骨吸收指标尿I型胶原羟基末端肽和Dpd的监测对老年髋部骨折的预防和治疗有一定的参考价信。     

老年糖尿病患者骨密度的变化及其相关因素研究

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度的影响因素。方法选取2010年3月-2012年3月来我院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病患者72例及同期健康老人60例，通过对两组骨代谢指标、骨密度的测定，对比两组骨代谢指标、骨密度的变化情况，同时对其骨代谢指标与骨密度间的相关性进行分析。结果老年2型糖尿病患者的骨代谢异常，BGP呈下降趋势，PTH、DPD、血磷浓度均有所上升（P〈0．05）；同时与对照组相比，糖尿病患者的骨密度降低（P〈0．05）；且骨密度与BGP水平呈正相关，与PTH、DPD呈负相关。结论老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度出现下降现象，骨质疏松的发生增多，这些都与其骨代谢指标的改变有关。     

绝经后妇女骨代谢生化指标与骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨绝经女性骨密度与骨代谢生化指标血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的关系。方法 选取我科2007 -2009年人院的绝经女性115例,采用DPX2L型双能X线骨密度检测仪,测定腰椎 (L2 ~L4)及股骨上端[包括股骨颈（NECK)、华氏三角（Ward)及股骨粗隆（TROCH)]的骨密度 (BMD)值;根据Tscore值将人选者分为骨量正常组（48例)和骨质疏松组（67例）。并选未绝经女性 30例,骨密度检查正常者为对照组,采用酶联免疫法测定各组血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（ALP)、血清 骨钙素（BGP)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP-5b)的浓度,并比较三组骨代谢生化指标的变化,并 对BMD与各项骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。结果绝经女性骨质疏松组各部位BMD值均低于骨量 正常组(P<0. 05);骨质疏松组血中ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度均显著高于骨量正常组（P <0. 05 ),骨 量正常组血清ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0. 05 )。对照组各部 位的骨密度值与骨代谢生化指标无明显相关性（P>0.05),在绝经女性骨质疏松组中,ALP和TRAP- 5b与腰椎（L2 ~L4)及股骨颈部位的BMD有一定的关系,呈负相关（r分别为-0. 248、- 0. 364、- 0.434、-0.386 )。结论绝经女性骨质疏松为高转换型,血清ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度变化可反映 骨代谢活动,绝经女性BMD的降低与骨转换率升高有关。检测代谢指标有助于早期防治骨质疏松症 (OP)。     

跖骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗

[目的]回顾总结跖骨骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗方法。[方法]自1995年～2005年采用显微外科技术治疗214例跖骨骨外露骨感染患者。[结果]全部病例获得随访1～10年，平均随访3年，14例游离植皮术后皮肤成活良好，199例术后皮瓣全部成活，1例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣移位修复术出现远端部分皮肤坏死，后经换药处理后，伤口自然愈合。皮瓣移植术后质地良好，无溃疡复发。患足均可负重走路。[结论]应用显微外科技术治疗跖骨骨感染骨外露可获得较好的疗效。     

Assessment of bone density and bone loss

Osteoporosis International - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has become the standard for the evaluation of osteoporosis. It is useful both for identifying those people who are going to be at risk...     

Spinal fusions: bone and bone substitutes

Vertebral arthrodesis is one of the most commonly performed, yet incompletely understood, procedures in spinal surgery. Despite major progress in internal fixation techniques, the high rate of non-unions indicates that physiologic, biologic and molecular events that are crucial to this process are not well known. This article will analyze the general biology of bone regeneration, and particularly discuss the properties and use of various bone graft materials and graft substitutes. Received: 9 August 2000/Accepted: 11 August 2000     

Trabecular bone remodeling and bone balance in hyperthyroidism

In vivo tetracycline double-labeled iliac crest bone biopsies from 15 hyperthyroid patients were used for the reconstruction of curves describing the variation of resorption depth and formation thickness with time. The curves emerging were compared to curves reconstructed from 13 age- and sex-matched normal individuals (mean age 44 years). The median function period for resorptive cells in hyperthyroid patients (16 days) was about one-third the resorptive period in normals (51 days). No significant difference between the osteoclast-, mononuclear-, or preosteoblast-like cell resorption depths could be demonstrated between the two groups. Consequently, the median resorption rate in hyperthyroid patients (3.8 μm/day) was more than 3 times higher than the value in the control group (1.1 μm/day). Median Sigma_f, was shorter in the hyperthyroid group (109 days) than in the control group (151 days, P < 0.05), as was the median initial mineralization lag time (5 and 16 days, respectively, P < 0.01). No significant difference between the measured mean completed wall thickness (mcwT) values in the hyperthyroid groups and the control group could be demonstrated (58.1 and 60.5 μm respectively). Median initial mineralization rate in the hyperthyroid group (1.2 μm³/μm² per day) was not significantly higher than the value calculated in the control group (0.9 μm³/ μm² per day), but median initial matrix appositional rate in hyperthyroids (4.8 μm³/μm² per day) was 3 times higher than the value calculated for normals (1.6 μm³/μm² per day) (P < 0.01). Direct measurements of mean completed wall thickness in the hyperthyroid group gave results (58.1 μm) that were not in accordance with the mean completed wall thickness calculated from the growth curve (52.1 μm, P < 0.02). In normals no such discrepancy could be demonstrated. Using the mcwT value estimated from the growth curve, the bone formation period was calculated to 90 days for hyperthyroid patients. This maximal estimate for mcwT was also significantly lower than the mean resorption depth measured in the hyperthyroid group (61.7 μm, P < 0.05), which means that a net negative balance per remodeling cycle existed in the hyperthyroid group. Bone balance was preserved in the control group.     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

Repair of long bone defects with demineralized bone matrix and autogenous bone composite

Background:

Repair of diaphyseal bone defects is a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. In large bone defects the quantity of harvested autogenous bone may not be sufficient to fill the gap and then the use of synthetic or allogenic grafts along with autogenous bone becomes mandatory to achieve compact filling. Finding the optimal graft mixture for treatment of large diaphyseal defects is an important goal in contemporary orthopedics and this was the main focus of this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and autogenous cancellous bone (ACB) graft composite in a rabbit bilateral ulna segmental defect model.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven adult female rabbits were divided into five groups. A two-centimeter piece of long bone on the midshaft of the ulna was osteotomized and removed from the rabbits’ forearms. In group 1 (n=7) the defects were treated with ACB, in group 2 (n=7) with DBM, and in group 3 (n=7) with ACB and DBM in the ratio of 1:1. Groups 4 and 5, with three rabbits in each group, were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Twelve weeks after implantation the rabbits were sacrificed and union was evaluated with radiograph (Faxitron), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and histological methods (decalcified sectioning).

Results:

Union rates and the volume of new bone in the different groups were as follows: group 1 - 92.8% union and 78.6% new bone; group 2 - 72.2% union and 63.6% new bone; and group 3 - 100% union and 100% new bone. DEXA results (bone mineral density [BMD]) were as follows: group 1 - 0.164 g/cm², group 2 - 0.138 g/cm², and group 3 - 0.194 g/cm².

Conclusions:

DBM serves as a graft extender or enhancer for autogenous graft and decreases the need of autogenous bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. In this study, the DBM and ACB composite facilitated the healing process. The union rate was better with the combination than with the use of any one of these grafts alone.