陈旧粉碎性髋臼骨折手术重建修复的策略及预后

背景：陈旧粉碎性髋臼骨折多为高动能严重复合损伤,现逐年增加,且无法早期手术。随着早期切开复位内固定手术的经验积累,对陈旧粉碎性髋臼骨折进行切开复位内固定重建手术势在必行。目的：探讨切开复位内固定手术重建修复陈旧粉碎性髋臼骨折的可行性、方法及疗效。方法：回顾性研究2003年10月至2010年6月应用先纠正髋臼周围骨盆骨折移位及股骨头臼关系,再重建修复髋臼关节面的方法治疗24例陈旧粉碎性髋臼骨折。骨折距手术时间3～6周,平均26.1天。分析手术时间、出血量及输血量、合并伤情况等。术后限制髋部活动4～6周,床上逐渐行关节功能锻炼,3月后下床扶拐活动,并逐渐负重。结果：随访10～36个月,平均15.6个月。关节面骨折复位质量采用Matta标准：解剖复位21髋,满意复位2髋,不满意复位1髋。采用改良Mered＇Aubigne-Postel临床结果评分：优21髋,良2髋,差1髋。术后发生股骨头坏死1例（4.17%）,异位骨化11例（45.83%）,坐骨神经一过性麻痹6例（25%）。结论：先行瘢痕切除松解、整体复位固定髋臼关节外骨折、恢复头臼关系,再应用可吸收螺钉固定、植骨、骨软骨骨折块镶嵌挤压等方法修复碎裂关节面的手术方法治疗陈旧粉碎性髋臼骨折,可达到满意复位及关节功能恢复。     

复杂粉碎性髋臼骨折关节面重建修复的策略及预后

目的 探讨重建重度粉碎性髋臼骨折严重粉碎关节面的手术方法、可行性及疗效分析.方法 手术治疗严重髋臼粉碎性骨折23例,选择前后联合入路,先矫正稳定累及范围较广的髋臼周边部位骨折移位,大致恢复头臼关系,再应用可吸收螺钉固定、植骨、骨软骨折块镶嵌挤压等修复粉碎严重的髋臼关节面,后用重建接骨板固定骨折部.结果 随访10～36个月,关节面骨折复位质量采用Matta标准:解剖复位20例,不满意2例,差1例.采用改良Merled' Aubigne-Postel临床结果评分:优20例,良2例,差1例.结论 此方法可完成重度粉碎性髋臼骨折关节面的重建修复,达到满意复位质量及关节功能.     

骨软骨原位覆盖可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折

目的总结骨软骨原位覆盖可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折的效果。方法 28例股骨头骨折,按Pipkin分型：Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲ型1例,Ⅳ型6例。均采用骨软骨原位覆盖可吸收螺钉固定股骨头骨折;Ⅲ型骨折采用股骨近端支撑钢板固定股骨颈骨折;Ⅳ型骨折髋臼骨折片较小可去除,骨折片较大时可采用可吸收螺钉或重建钢板固定。结果所有患者术后无伤口感染发生,均伤愈出院。术后随访25例,平均随访25（2～63）个月,疗效评价：优16例,良5例,可3例,差1例。结论应用骨软骨原位覆盖可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折突破了可吸收材料禁用于关节内骨折的禁忌,是一种实用、有效的方法。     

双侧接骨板内固定治疗掌指骨粉碎性骨折

目的探讨双侧接骨板内固定治疗掌、指骨粉碎性骨折的效果。方法对38例40指新鲜粉碎性掌指骨骨折采用切开复位双侧接骨板内固定,术后早期功能训练。结果本组骨折均解剖复位,骨性愈合,随访6～26个月,按TAM系统评定方法评定,优良34例35指,优良率87.5%。结论双侧接骨板内固定治疗掌、指骨粉碎性骨折,固定牢靠,有利于手功能恢复,疗效满意。     

重建钢板治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折回顾性分析

目的重建钢板加植骨治疗粉碎性跟骨骨折的临床疗效回顾性分析。方法对2004年至2010年对45例粉碎性跟骨骨折采用足外侧入路,骨折及关节面复位后人工骨植骨,可塑形跟骨钢板内固定治疗。评价手术治疗病例并发症情况。结果经临床随访1年,按Maryland足部评分系统标准:优39例,良4例,可2例,优良率96%。术后并发症:切口延迟愈合3例。结论切开复位重建钢板固定加植骨,是治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折的良好方法,具有操作简单、关节解剖对位、功能早期康复、并发症少等优点。     

可吸收内固定针辅助治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折

目的探讨可吸收内固定针辅助治疗肱骨远端关节面粉碎性骨折的方法,评估临床治疗效果。方法5例急性损伤引起的肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折患者,可吸收内固定针对粉碎的关节面分别修复和重建,通过随访,了解修复和重建后的肘关节功能。结果关节面全部解剖复位,固定可靠,术后1~1.5年,肘关节功能恢复良好。结论采用可吸收内固定针治疗肱骨远端关节面粉碎性骨折,有利于恢复其肘关节的功能。     

复杂型Monteggia骨折治疗分析

目的评价复杂型Monteggia骨折的临床治疗方法。方法对14例复杂型Monteggia骨折(Ⅳ型孟氏骨折合并尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折),采用克氏针贯穿复位、框架支持、重建钢板螺钉固定的方法治疗。结果平均随访时间9个月,14例均获临床骨性愈合,愈合时间6～8周,平均7.2周,无骨不连发生,临床功能满意,无再骨折。结论对复杂型Monteggia骨折患者,采用克氏针贯穿复位可以达到肘关节临时支撑作用,重建钢板固定可恢复解剖关系,早期功能锻炼磨造关节能恢复肘关节功能。     

髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的手术治疗方法与效果.方法 收治9例髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折病例,采用可吸收螺钉固定股骨头骨折5例,钛螺钉固定2例2例骨片较小无法固定给予摘除,合并应用重建钢板固定髋臼骨折1例.结果 9例骨折均愈合,未发生股骨头坏死及髋关节骨性关节炎.采用Epstein标准进行功能评定,优4例,良3例,可2例,优良率达77.8%.结论 髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折应根据分型选择手术方法,手术入路根据具体病例进行选择,可吸收螺钉是较理想的内固定物.     

胫腓骨多段粉碎性骨折外固定架治疗（附63例报告）

目的：回顾评价外固定架治疗胫腓骨多段、粉碎性骨折的疗效及优点。方法;胫碎性骨折63例。对开放性骨折先行彻底清创,显露骨折端,将粉碎劈裂的骨折用拉力螺钉或钢丝克氏针行有限内固定,选择合适位置进钉、复位上外固定架固定,闭合创面,结果：随访8个月-2年,28例达到解剖复位,其它均达到功能复位。X线片显示骨性愈合时间为2-12月,无骨不连发生,骨钉松动10例11钉;钉道炎性变14例16钉;创面感染8例。结论：外固定架固定符合生物学固定原则,对骨折处血运破坏小,抗感染能力强,是治疗胫腓骨多段粉碎性骨折首选方法之一。     

成人肱骨远端严重粉碎性骨折的固定与重建

[目的I探讨肱骨髁间严重粉碎性骨折的手术复位与内固定方法.[方法]2003年3月-2008年8月收治成人肱骨髁间严重粉碎性骨折17例,按AO/ASIF分型C1型4例,C2型6例,C3型7例.手术采用经肘后肱三头肌翻瓣入路,骨折解剖复位并植骨重建肱骨远端骨性结构后采用重建钢板内固定.[结果]术后肱骨远端骨折及关节面均实现解剖对位,骨愈合时间2.8～4.2个月.[结论]采用肘后人路骨折显露良好,组合多种简单的内固定可实现骨折对位与重建,术后肘关节的功能恢复依赖于牢固的内固定及早期功能锻炼.     

髋臼粉碎性骨折合并压缩性缺损的治疗与对策

目的探讨治疗髋臼粉碎性骨折合并压缩性缺损的手术方法.方法1997年7月～2005年2月,收治髋臼粉碎性骨折合并压缩性缺损43例,其中陈旧性骨折25例,新鲜骨折16例,畸形（大于90 d）2例;复杂骨折与缺损34例,简单骨折与缺损9例.缺损体积3～9 cm^3,平均4.5cm^3.采用改良髋臼入路,应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统（ATMFS）三维记忆锁定碎骨;髋臼碎骨关节面整复法;自体髂骨髋臼后壁解剖性重建法;自体骨＋人工骨填塞及骨腊隔离法等术后相关措施.结果所有患者随访5～86个月,平均15.7个月.粉碎骨折关节面粉碎＋填补压缩体积至头臼解剖复位31例;自体髂骨后壁“解剖性重建头臼解剖复位”12例;40例患者经过平均5.3个月患侧髋关节功能达到健侧水平,1例股骨头缺血性坏死,2例异位骨化＋股骨头缺血性坏死导致髋关节骨融合.结论本文介绍了治疗髋臼粉碎性骨折合并压缩性缺损的新方法与措施,有效地提高了股骨头与髋臼解剖对应率,为髋关节功能的恢复提供了新的思路.     

髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的诊疗方法

目的 总结髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折１２例的诊治情况。方法 根据股骨头骨折Ｘ线片及ＣＴ所见采取单纯牵引７例,手术治疗５例,包括关节内游离骨片摘除１例,髋关节碎骨片清理,髋臼骨折复位内固定２例,行股骨头骨折切开复位可吸收螺丝钉内固定术２例。术后早期开始被动及主动髋关节功能锻炼。结果 经过６个月￣３年随访,髋关节功能优良率达９１．６％。结论 对髋脱位复位后股骨头骨折对位良好及关节腔外非负重区游离骨片者无需手术治疗,同时注意关节早期功能锻炼,以利关节磨造及软骨修复。     

Subchondral screw fixation of cervical hip fractures: joint congruence studied with combined arthrography and tomography

This study was done to determine whether fixation with the Uppsala internal fixation technique into the subchondral bone of the femoral head in the treatment of cervical hip fractures could lead to elevation of the femoral head cartilage. Combined arthrography and frontal tomography of the hip joint in the plane of the screws was performed. The series consisted of 16 patients. In two of the patients, the tips of the screws had penetrated into the cartilage of the femoral head. In the other 14, the internal fixation was technically correct with the tips of the screws in the subchondral bone. In the two hips with the screws penetrating into the cartilage, the cartilage was slightly elevated. In the hips where the screws were in the correct position, no incongruities or deformity in the cartilage could be detected. Combined arthrography and frontal tomography can, therefore, detect elevation of the cartilage of the femoral head. By placing the screws in the immediate subchondral bone, no elevation of the cartilage of the femoral head surface should occur.     

Loosening of hip prostheses in chronic rheumatoid polyarthritis

The hip with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by reduced bone resistance. Protrusion, fatigue fractures and femoral head collapse are the typical consequences. The survival rate of total hip prostheses in hips with RA seems to be higher than for hips with osteoarthritis (OA), possibly due to lower demands. When isolated loosening of the acetabular and femoral component are compared, there is a definite shift towards acetabular loosening in RA compared to OA. This is definitely due to the reduction in the mentioned bone resistance at the acetabular level. In primary joint replacement, well-cemented femoral components provide more reliable clinical results. They will remain the gold standard for long-term performance as well. On the other hand, it is very likely that non-cemented acetabular components, fixed by means of screws in the direction of the resulting force or based on a compression principle, may prove at least as effective as well-cemented acetabuli. For revision of the loose acetabular component, the use of special metal rings fixed with screws and bridging severe bony defects with a bone graft and frequently also bone cement, have proved to be of value. For loose femoral components with a thin and brittle cortical wall, special non-cemented prostheses combined with a bone graft seem to promise a more reliable long-term solution than cemented versions. The follow-up of our revision cases confirms the value of the described methods - at least at the short and medium-term follow-up. More definite conclusions can only be arrived at after long-term follow-ups which have been carried out with different systems and where the results are compared using the same documentation procedure.     

Management of Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly Patient

Operative management of displaced acetabular fractures yields better results than nonoperative management. Over the past decade, surgical approaches to the acetabulum and the surgical tactic for repair of common fracture patterns have been advanced. Excellent outcomes after repair of these injuries can be achieved. In some cases, as in the elderly, or in those cases in which there is significant destruction of the articular cartilage, primary total hip arthroplasty may provide the best solution. Removal of the femoral head allows for excellent exposure of the acetabulum, making it possible to stabilize most fractures without the need for extensile or intrapelvic approaches. The surgical technique that has been successfully used calls for gaining primary stability of the acetabular columns by open reduction and internal fixation and then using the acetabular component to replace the articular surface. The columns need not be anatomically reduced. Multiholed acetabular shells can be used as internal fixation devices by placing screws into the columns enhancing the stability of the repair. In older individuals with severe osteoporosis, a typical fracture pattern results in intrapelvic dislocation of the femoral head with a blowout fracture of the anterior column and medial wall. Reinforcement rings with cemented acetabular fixation can be used in these cases. The femoral head can be used as bulk bone graft to replace and reinforce the reconstruction. Techniques common to revision of failed acetabular components are helpful in this setting. The results of reconstruction of severe acetabular fractures with total hip replacement have been reported to be similar to those achieved for reconstruction of osteoarthritis.     

可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位

目的探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位的效果。方法髋后外侧入路手术治疗26例股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者,股骨头骨折均采用可吸收螺钉固定;Ⅲ型合并股骨颈骨折者采用钛质空心螺钉固定,Ⅳ型合并髋臼骨折者采用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折。结果26例均获随访,时间15～48个月。按D′Aubigue-Postel评分法：优10例,良13例,中1例,差2例（1例股骨头缺血性坏死,1例股骨头缺血性坏死合并髋周异位骨化）。未出现可吸收螺钉断裂及异物反应现象,无深部感染及创伤性关节炎等并发症发生。结论股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位采用髋后外侧入路、可吸收螺钉及髋臼三维记忆内固定可获得理想的治疗效果。     

“漂浮髋臼”内固定重建手术策略及疗效分析

目的探讨"漂浮髋臼"损伤内固定重建的手术策略,以有效提高其复位质量、头臼匹配程度及疗效。方法回顾性分析自2006-10—2014-10采用内固定手术重建治疗的28例(28髋)"漂浮髋臼"损伤。术前在医师监护下进行间断性大重量骨牵引,并结合手法复位。术中以"股骨头模具"、顺应关节囊牵引张力确定"漂浮臼顶"主要骨折块方位,前后联合入路复位后再局部平整臼顶关节面。结果骨折复位质量采用Matta影像学评价标准评定:优26例,良1例,差1例。28例均获得随访8~36个月,平均12.7个月。骨折均顺利愈合,愈合时间2~3个月,X线片及CT扫描均显示骨痂形成连续,达到骨性愈合标准。髋关节功能采用Matta改良的Mere d'Aubigne-Postel评分标准评定:优26例,良1例,差1例,优良率96.4%。结论术前有效骨牵引复位,术中以"股骨头模具"、顺应关节囊牵引张力确定"漂浮臼顶"主要骨折块方位,前后联合入路整体协同复位后再局部平整臼顶关节面,从而良好恢复头臼匹配程度的内固定策略有效提高了"漂浮髋臼"的复位质量及手术近期疗效。     

Articular cartilage deformation following experimental synovitis in the rabbit hip

The development of transient synovitis in the hips of young children occurs quite frequently. This experiment examined the effects of a model synovitis on the deformability of articular cartilage of the immature rabbit hip. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks following synovitis, there was an increase of cartilage deformability on both the acetabular and femoral sides of the joint. This increased deformability may alter force transmission to the underlying bone and its contained vascular structures.     

Treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement with surgical dislocation and débridement in young adults

BACKGROUND: Femoro-acetabular impingement has been associated with acetabular labral and/or articular cartilage damage that may ultimately result in osteoarthritis of the hip. Surgical treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement is directed at restoring a more normal femoral head-neck offset to alleviate femoral abutment against the acetabular rim and treating associated labral and articular cartilage damage. METHODS: Thirty hips with femoro-acetabular impingement (in twenty-nine patients) underwent débridement through a greater trochanteric flip osteotomy and anterior dislocation of the femoral head. There were sixteen male patients and thirteen female patients with a mean age of thirty-one years. Cam (femoral based) impingement was noted in fourteen hips; pincer (acetabular based) impingement, in one hip; and combined cam and pincer impingement, in fifteen hips. The mean duration of clinical and radiographic follow-up was thirty-two months. All patients were followed according to a prospective protocol, with Harris hip scores and plain radiographs obtained preoperatively and at six months, one year, and annually for a minimum of two years. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score improved from 70 points preoperatively to 87 points at the time of final follow-up (p < 0.0001). Osteonecrosis did not develop in any hip, and there were no trochanteric nonunions. In eighteen hips, severe damage of the acetabular articular cartilage that had not been appreciated on preoperative plain radiographs or magnetic resonance arthrography was noted on arthrotomy. Eight of these eighteen hips subsequently had radiographic evidence of progression of the osteoarthritis, and four of the eight hips required or were expected to soon require conversion to a total hip arthroplasty to treat progressive pain. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of early follow-up, we found that surgical dislocation and débridement of the hip for the treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement in hips without substantial damage to the articular cartilage can reduce pain and improve function. This procedure has a low rate of complications. Radiographic signs of progression of osteoarthritis and clinical failure requiring conversion to a total hip arthroplasty were seen only in patients with severe damage to the acetabular articular cartilage, a finding that emphasizes the need for better imaging methods to assess the extent of damage to the acetabular articular cartilage in patients with this disorder.