腔内气囊扩张治疗输尿管狭窄9例报告

采用美国Ｃｏｏｋ公司生产的硬质塑料输尿管气囊扩张导管在内腔镜下逆行作输尿管腔内扩张治疗９例输尿管狭窄。结果７例成功，平均随访６．５个月，效果良好，２例失败，改经开放手术治愈。认为对某些良性输尿管狭窄，气囊扩张术可作为开放的一种替代治疗方法。     

腔内手术治疗输尿管狭窄（附11例报告）

１９８８年５月－１９９３年７月，采用腔内输尿管切和气囊导管扩张术治疗输尿管狭窄１１例，随访６个月－４年，治愈４５．４％（５／１１），有效２７．３％（３／１１），失败（２７．３（３／１１）。认为腔内手术治疗输尿管狭窄是一种安全，住院时间短，无严得并发症的治疗的方法。     

腹腔镜经腹膜后途径肾盂输尿管切开取石术（附12例报告）

为改进穿刺腹膜后腔隙技术和输尿管切开技术，试用组合窥镜进行腹腔镜手术。１９９５年７月～１９９６年１月，采用腹腔镜经腹膜后途径肾盂输尿管切开取石术治疗上尿路结石１２例，其中肾盂结石２例，输尿管上段结石７例，中段结石３例。手术均获成功，未发生严重并发症。认为腹腔镜取石术与开放手术相比，具有损伤小、痛苦少、恢复快等优点，随着该技术的不断完善和普及，可大部取代常规的开放肾盂输尿管切开取石术     

原位尿流改道术后输尿管储尿囊吻合处狭窄的处理体会

目的探讨原位尿流改道术后输尿管肠储尿囊吻合处狭窄患者诊断和治疗。方法回顾性总结542例原位尿流改道术后患者中35例共37侧输尿管储尿囊吻合处狭窄诊断和治疗经验,平均年龄57(51~67)岁,其中男性34例,女性1例。狭窄段1.5cm,且能通过导丝和球囊管者顺行球囊扩张至F14~F6,失败者经肾造瘘管注入亚甲蓝引导导丝和输尿管镜插入,作逆行镜体扩张和等离子柱状电极内切开;上述方法失败或狭窄段超过1.5cm,开放手术再植。Fishers检验比较球囊扩张和等离子切开两种方法的狭窄复发率。结果 16侧肾输尿管行球囊或镜体和或扩张器扩张者3例(18.7%)狭窄复发,13侧肾输尿管作等离子柱状电极切开者复发1例(7.7%,P=0.031 4)。7侧肾输尿管行开放手术再植治疗无复发。1侧肾输尿管行患侧肾切除。术后3月内获得治疗者肾功能恢复优于术后3月后获得治疗者。结论早期诊断和治疗狭窄利于肾功能恢复;多数输尿管储尿囊吻合处狭窄可通过腔内治疗,等离子内切开优于扩张。     

腔内泌尿外科技术治疗输尿管狭窄

目的 总结腔内泌尿外科技术治疗输尿管狭窄的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析237例应用腔内泌尿外科技术治疗输尿管狭窄患者资料。男128例，女109例。年龄8—56岁，平均37岁。其中输尿管狭窄182例，闭锁55例。狭窄段长度〈1．5cm者179例，1．5—4．0cm者22例，〉4．0cm者36例。狭窄位于肾盂输尿管连接部者85例，输尿管上段者48例、中段者18例、下段者51例，2处或以上狭窄段者35例。结果 194例（81．9％）通过内窥镜找到正确引导方向，采用输尿管狭窄电刀内切开术84例，激光内切开术32例，输尿管镜镜体扩张术16例，导管扩张术27例，球囊扩张术35例。术后1年获随访181例，134例（74．0％）一次手术治愈，47例（26．0％）出现狭窄复发需重复扩张、内切开术或金属网状支架植入术。结论腔内泌尿外科技术可有效治疗输尿管狭窄，主要以狭窄段长度〈1．5cm、程度为轻中度、性质为损伤性、患肾功能良好（〉总肾功能的25％）的病例效果较好。     

经皮肾输尿管镜治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄36例报告

目的探讨应用经皮肾输尿管镜相关的腔内技术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）狭窄的方法和疗效。方法对36例UPJ狭窄的患者采用经皮肾输尿管镜下硬性扩张、球囊扩张和腔镜下电钩内切开的方法治疗,术后置双J管2～3个月。结果36例UPJ狭窄的患者28例（77．8％）一次性切开或扩张取得成功,7例（19．4％）行二次腔内手术取得成功,1例（2．8％）行两次电钩内切开并扩张后疗效仍不佳,改开放性手术。术后随访3个月～3年,25例（69．4％）有效,10例（27．8％）好转,1例（2．8％）无效。结论应用经皮肾输尿管镜相关的腔内技术治疗uPJ狭窄疗效确切、安全、微创。     

腔镜技术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的探讨腔内技术治疗。肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的可行性与疗效。方法本组16例，2例经尿道逆行气囊扩张，13例经皮肾穿刺顺行梗阻段内切开与扩张，1例放置记忆合金金属支架，所有患者均留置1—2根输尿管内支架管2—3月。结果2例因狭窄段长度超过1．5cm，腔内治疗失败后行开放手术，术后随访1—18个月，12例引流通畅，肾积水消退；4例反复换内支架管，肾积水稳定。结论腔内技术处理肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻，操作上具有可重复性，简便、安全，疗效较好。     

窥镜下尿道内切开术治疗伴假道的尿道狭窄

采用窥镜下尿道内切开术治疗８例伴有假道的尿道狭窄患者，结果６例尿道狭窄口径明显增大，２例０．５年后尿道狭窄复发，经尿道内切开加瘢痕组织电切后排尿通畅；所有患者尿道能通过Ｆ２０－２４尿道探，最大尿流率〉１５ｍｌ／ｓ，３例已２年未行尿道扩张，５例仍需定期扩张尿道。     

腔内手术治疗输尿管狭窄

腔内手术治疗输尿管狭窄杨江根，章道恒，曾宪俭，李逊，窦允充，于景昌，叶其伟，刘鉴光１９９０年７月～１９９４年３月分别采用输尿管镜技术和腔内气囊扩张技术治疗输尿管狭窄１２例，报告如下．临床资料本组１２例，男４例，女８例，年龄２５～５６岁，平均３６．５岁...     

应用多种腔内技术治疗长段尿道狭窄/闭锁

目的:提高长段尿道狭窄/闭锁手术治疗的成功率。方法:对26例长段尿道狭窄/闭锁,联合应用纤维膀胱镜、硬性输尿管镜、尿道内切开镜、电切镜、钬激光多种腔内技术,行尿道内切开手术治疗。结果:26例长段尿道狭窄/闭锁均手术一次成功,术后无尿失禁、尿瘘发生,术后近期内需定期尿道扩张。结论:应用多种腔内技术治疗长段尿道狭窄/闭锁,可大大提高手术成功率,降低手术盲目性。     

Endoscopic ureteral incision using the holmium:YAG laser

BACKGROUND: We reviewed the results of endoscopic ureteral incision for benign ureteral stricture, ureteropelvic junction obstruction and ureteroenteroanastomotic stricture using the holmium laser. METHODS: We carried out endoscopic ureteral incision using the holmium laser through an 8-Fr semirigid or 6.9-Fr flexible ureteroscope on 17 ureters in 15 patients. Balloon dilatation was not necessary before insertion of the ureteroscope. The stricture was incised with the holmium laser using a 200-365 microm fiber through the working channel of the ureteroscope. After completion of the incision, a 12-Fr double-J catheter was left for 6 weeks. Thereafter patients were followed by renal scan and/or ultrasound and excretory urography at 3-6 month intervals. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 65 min (18-135 min). The stricture resolved completely in 86.7% of cases at an average follow up of 20.5 months (11-32 months). CONCLUSIONS: The holmium laser endoscopic ureteral incision was associated with a good outcome in our series. We recommend this procedure to be employed initially because it is less invasive and has a favorable outcome.     

输尿管镜在输尿管梗阻中的诊治价值

目的探讨输尿管镜在输尿管梗阻诊治中的价值.方法应用输尿管镜对52例非结石性输尿管梗阻进行诊治.结果输尿管狭窄35例(行输尿管镜硬性扩张19例,气囊扩张13例,腹腔镜下输尿管成形术3例),输尿管息肉13例行钬激光切除,输尿管癌3例改行开放手术,腔静脉后输尿管1例改行输尿管成形术.手术并发黏膜明显裂伤或黏膜下假道2例,输尿管穿孔1例,其它并发症.结论输尿管镜术能明确输尿管梗阻的病因,并能采取相应治疗.     

原发性输尿管癌的诊断

目的:提高原发性输尿管癌术前诊断水平。方法:对1973～1997年收治的50例原发性输尿管癌的诊断经验进行总结。结果:50例均作IVU检查,其中31例患侧肾脏不显影,仅有7例显示输尿管充盈缺损或狭窄。26例行逆行造影,有16例输尿管充盈缺损或狭窄。48例作B超检查,有43例显示肾积水,35例显示输尿管扩张积水,25例显示输尿管低回声或略强回声的实质性肿物。27例作CT检查,有17例显示输尿管软组织密度实质性肿物。44例作膀胱镜检查,有8例肿瘤自输尿管管口脱出,11例患侧输尿管管口喷血。47例作尿脱落细胞学检查,阳性率为40.4%。结论:术前联合应用IVU、B超、逆行造影、CT、膀胱镜和尿脱落细胞学等检查可提高原发性输尿管癌的正确诊断率。     

输尿管镜下处理上尿路狭窄56例报告

目的探讨输尿管镜下处理上尿路狭窄的疗效. 方法采用输尿管镜下直视扩张、电刀切割、气囊扩张等方法处理上尿路狭窄56例. 结果 49例扩张成功,占87.5%(49/56);7例失败.无输尿管穿孔、断裂、大出血等并发症发生.43例随访0.5 ～ 3年,平均2.5年,狭窄消除33例,狭窄改善不明显6例,狭窄复发4例;肾积水消失30例,减轻5例,无改善8例. 结论输尿管镜下处理上尿路狭窄创伤小,疗效满意.     

输尿管镜致输尿管损伤的原因分析

目的 分析输尿管镜致输尿管损伤的原因。方法 对我院经尿道输尿管镜检查及取石术致输尿管损伤患者１７例进行分析。结果 输尿管筒状撕裂１例，输尿管断裂１例，输尿管穿孔或粘膜严重损伤１５例，结论 吊瓶加注射器灌注，未行输尿管扩张，无引导导线指标，未置输尿管引流是造成输尿管损伤的重要原因，输尿管扩张术和在引导导线指示下进镜是手术成功的关键。     

Endoscopic treatment of ureteric strictures: acucise, cold-knife endoureterotomy and wall stents as a salvage approach

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors influencing the results of endoureterotomy using cold-knife and cutting balloon dilatation, and permanent ureteral wall stents in patients with benign ureteral strictures after different operations affecting the ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 4-year period, in 18 patients, endoscopic cold-knife and Acucise endoureterotomies were performed in 13 and 7 renal units, respectively. Eight Memoterm permanent ureteral wall stents were inserted into 7 patients when endoureterotomy failed. Successful outcome was defined by the absence of re-stricture assessed both clinically and radiologically. RESULTS: The strictures were secondary to ureterolithotomy in 6, ureteroscopy in 3, gynecological procedures in 4, abdominal surgeries in 2, transplantation in 2 and continent urinary diversion in 1. The right and left ureters were unilaterally affected in 5 and 11 patients, respectively (5 of them had a solitary kidney), while the remaining 2 patients had bilateral ureteral strictures. We achieved total ureteral patency of 3 (43%) and 7 (54%) renal units with Acucise and cold-knife incision, respectively. Obstructive uropathy was resolved in 6 renal units (75%) of 8 using ureteral wall stents. CONCLUSION: Endoureterotomy with cold-knife or Acucise cutting balloon dilatation is effective in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral strictures, but only in a selected group. Based on our results, the favorable prognostic criteria for endoureterotomy are the length (< or =1.5 cm), the nonischemic nature of the stricture and adequate renal function. As a salvage approach, permanent self-expanding ureteral wall stents with a 75% success rate may provide a satisfactory outcome for decompression of an obstructed system.     

一种新型输尿管管路封堵器在输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中的应用初探

目的：研究英诺伟TMIVX-SCIO输尿管管路封堵器在输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中的临床疗效并评价其安全性。方法：对23例单侧输尿管结石患者于输尿管镜工作通道内安置英诺伟TMIVX—SCIO输尿管管路封堵器,完全超越结石后操作体外手柄使叶片折叠成球状防止结石上移,而后使用钬激光碎石,并使用封堵器叶片折叠球将结石碎片拖出输尿管开口。所有患者术后留置双J管两周。结果：1例息肉包裹的肾盂一输尿管连接处结石于安置输尿管管路封堵器前出现结石漂移至患侧肾下盏,改用输尿管软镜以钬激光碎石。术中无患者出现输尿管穿孔或输尿管黏膜撕脱。术后无患者出现发热及菌血症。术后4周影像学随访,除1例结石漂移入肾下盏的患者结石尚未排空外,余22例无明显结石残留,结石清除率为95．7％。结论：输尿管管路封堵器能显著减少输尿管碎石术中结石漂移、提高结石清除率,临床应用价值高、治疗成本低且使用安全,对于输尿管上段结石尤其适用,可望成为输尿管镜手术中重要附属器械之一。     

输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄的治疗

目的研究输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄的治疗方法及效果。方法回顾性分析北京清华长庚医院2014年12月-2018年2月收治的输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料。初次治疗、输尿管狭窄长度<2 cm的患者首选以内腔镜下治疗为主的手术方式(内腔镜下球囊扩张或球囊扩张+内切开)为内镜组,既往治疗失败或狭窄长度>2 cm的患者选择以尿路重建手术为主的治疗方式为腹腔镜/开放组,记录并观察患者术后发热、腰痛、留置输尿管支架管或肾造瘘管、超声、CT尿路造影、利尿肾图等情况。结果34例行内腔镜下治疗,11例行开放/腹腔镜尿路重建手术。内腔镜治疗病例中73.5%(25例)为初次治疗,尿路重建病例中63.6%(7例)术前有输尿管狭窄治疗史。内腔镜手术有效率44%,尿路重建术有效率76%,尿路重建术有效率为内腔镜治疗的1.73倍。结论虽然尿路重建手术有效率明显高于内腔镜下治疗,对于选择合适的病例,内腔镜手术仍可作为输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄的一线治疗。初次治疗可采用内腔镜治疗,有既往治疗史的患者则以尿路重建手术为主。     

输尿管镜腔内治疗输尿管狭窄的临床分析

目的探讨输尿管镜腔内治疗输尿管狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年12月～2010年12月输尿管狭窄89例的临床资料,其中肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄7例,输尿管上段狭窄38例、中段狭窄16例、下段狭窄28例。狭窄段长度0.5～1.5 cm。采用腔内输尿管扩张治疗29例,自制单极电刀内切开治疗7例,钬激光内切开治疗53例。术后留置1根或2根F6输尿管内支架管,3～6个月后拔除。结果手术时间5～40 min,平均16.5 min。2例因并发输尿管穿孔中转开放手术,其余无严重并发症发生。术后随访6～12个月,平均8.9月。81例(91.0%)临床治愈,术后经超声、静脉肾盂造影等影像学检查显示肾盂积水明显好转,输尿管扩张减轻,狭窄段消失或较治疗前增宽;8例(9.0%)狭窄复发,再次行腔内治疗治愈。结论输尿管镜腔内治疗输尿管狭窄具有创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少、恢复快等优点,是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法。     

Endo-urology in diseases of the upper urinary tract other than tumors and calculi

Thirty-three patients underwent percutaneous treatment for upper urinary obstructive disease in our Institute. Cold-knife incision of 16 cases of uretero-pelvic junction obstruction and 4 cases of infundibular stenosis was performed. Balloon dilatation of the caliceal neck was performed in 1 patient with caliceal diverticulum. In 4 of the patients treatment failed requiring open surgical correction. Thirteen patients presented iatrogenic ureteral obstruction: balloon dilatations or cold-knife incisions were performed. Four of the 9 patients evaluable obtained significant benefit from the endourological treatment. Endopyelotomies for UPJ obstruction seem effective and reduce morbidity and operating times. Ureteral obstructions appear less responsive to the endo-urological approach. Definitive conclusions concerning the effectiveness of these procedures requires larger series of patients and longer follow-up.