Postcardiac injury syndrome following radiofrequency ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia

A 73-year-old man, who was admitted to our hospital with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA) without any immediate signs of complications. He complained of sudden onset of chest pain shortly after the RFCA procedure. The diagnosis of PCIS was supported by slight fever, pericardial effusion, bilateral pleural effusion and elevated inflammatory markers. One should be aware of PCIS since there will be increasing performance of RFCA procedures and patients may present with this previously rare postoperative complications.     

三维标测系统指导下复杂心律失常的经导管射频消融治疗

目的:探讨在三维标测系统指导下,经导管复杂心律失常射频消融治疗的有效性与安全性. 方法:选择2006年2月至2008年9月住院患者98例,其中阵发性房颤50例、持续性或永久性房颤6例、心房扑动9例、房性心动过速(房速)9例、室性心动过速(室速)或频发室性早搏24例.在EnSite NavX或Array系统(72例)或CARTO系统(26例)指导下进行射频消融手术. 结果:84例一次手术成功(85.71%),7例再次导管消融成功,成功率合计92.86%.50例房颤一次手术成功,5例再次消融后3例成功.9例心房扑动患者中7例一次手术成功,1例复发再次消融成功.9例房速中7例一次手术成功,1例复发再次消融成功.24例室速、室早患者中20例一次消融成功,4例行再次消融2例成功.共有并发症6例:心包填塞4例,左前降支远端栓塞1例、术后肺栓塞1例. 结论:三维标测系统可清晰地显示心脏三维立体结构,对复杂疑难心律失常的射频消融治疗具有较好的指导作用,提高消融的成功率并增加手术安全性.     

Postcardiac injury syndrome complicating radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular node

Radiofrequency ablation, which is increasingly used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, can be complicated with pericardial effusion and one case of Dressler's syndrome has already been reported after an atrioventricular pathway ablation. This case reports a second case complicating an atrioventricular node radiofrequency ablation procedure.     

三维标测系统指导下复杂心律失常的经导管射频消融治疗

目的：探讨在三维标测系统指导下,经导管复杂心律失常射频消融治疗的有效性与安全性。方法：选择2006年2月至2008年9月住院患者98例,其中阵发性房颤50例、持续性或永久性房颤6例、心房扑动9例、房性心动过速（房速）9例、室性心动过速（室速）或频发室性早搏24例。在EnSite NavX或Array系统（72例）或CARTO系统（26例）指导下进行射频消融手术。结果：84例一次手术成功（85．71％）,7例再次导管消融成功,成功率合计92．86％。50例房颤一次手术成功,5例再次消融后3例成功。9例心房扑动患者中7例一次手术成功,1例复发再次消融成功。9例房速中7例一次手术成功,1例复发再次消融成功。24例室速、室早患者中20例一次消融成功,4例行再次消融2例成功。共有并发症6例：心包填塞4例,左前降支远端栓塞1例、术后肺栓塞1例。结论：三维标测系统可清晰地显示心脏三维立体结构,对复杂疑难心律失常的射频消融治疗具有较好的指导作用,提高消融的成功率并增加手术安全性。     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常的疗效及安全性

目的：评价射频消融术治疗快速心律失常的临床疗效及安全性。方法：381例快速心律失常的患者接受射频消融术,术后随访1～120个月,平均（24±18）个月,分析手术成功率、复发率及并发症。结果：381例快速心律失常中,房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）111例;房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）208例,其中左侧旁道109例,右侧旁道99例;显性预激（WPW）45例,其中A型预激16例,B型预激29例;频发特发性右室流出道室早（RVOT-VPC）17例。射频消融总成功率97．6％,术中及术后并发症3：67％,复发率2．37％。结论：经导管射频消融治疗快速心律失常成功率高,并发症少,复发率低,安全、可靠,是目前治疗快速心律失常的首选方法。     

快速心律失常性心肌病射频消融术后环磷腺苷葡甲胺干预治疗的随机对照研究

目的：研究快速心律失常性心肌病射频消融术（RFCA）后环磷腺苷葡甲胺（商品名：心先安）干预治疗对心脏形态和功能恢复的影响。方法：采用随机单盲对照方法,将40例快速心律失常性心肌病患RFCA后分为治疗组和阳性对照组,两组分别静脉点滴心先安和灯盏花素注射液28d,然后比较两组临床表现,心胸比率,心脏实测与预测面积比值,心脏形态和功能,并进行统计学分析。结果：（1）治疗组和对照组总效率分别85％和15％,两组差异有显性（P＜0．01）。（2）心胸比率及心脏实测与预测面积的的比值显示,治疗组中扩大心室完全恢复正常占80％,而对照组完全恢复正常仅占10％（P＜0．01）。（3）二维彩色多普勒超声测量结果显示,心脏收缩及舒张功能指标在治疗组中有明显改善,而对照组变化不明显（P＜0．01）。结论：快速心律失常性心肌病引起的心脏扩大和心功能不全具有可逆性,心先安干预治疗可缩短病程5－10个月。     

灌注盐水大头电极导管在射频消融中的应用

目的初步探讨灌注盐水大头电极导管在射频消融中的方法和应用价值.方法 6例心动过速患者,经常规心内电生理检查诊断为Ⅰ型房扑2例,右室流出道室速2例,左、右心外膜旁道各1例,年龄34.2±16.7岁,男性4例,女性2例,上述患者均经普通的大头电极导管消融失败.常规穿刺静脉和放置电极导管行心内电生理检查.应用冷盐水灌注大头电极导管(Biosense Webster)标测、消融(方法同普通射频消融术).结果 6例均成功消融.2例房扑患者于三尖瓣环与下腔静脉之间的峡部行线性消融,AF终止,转为窦律,并且分别于冠状窦口和低位右房刺激呈峡部双向阻滞.2例右室流出道室速患者消融后行心室刺激及异丙肾上素激发试验均未诱发.2例心外膜旁道患者消融后心室刺激,出现VA文氏传导及室房分离,放电次数为3.4±1.2,手术时间为92.4±30.3分钟,曝光时间29.3±12.6分钟,无心肌穿空及血管并发症发生.随访6个月,无病例复发.结论灌注盐水大头电极导管对难治性心动过速行射频消融是安全有效的.     

Contemporary catheter ablation of arrhythmias in geriatric patients: patient characteristics, distribution of arrhythmias, and outcome.

AIMS: Catheter ablation is a treatment of first choice for many arrhythmias. Data in geriatric patients are still limited, mostly focusing on single arrhythmia types. The aim of the study was to investigate characteristics of contemporary ablation therapy in the very elderly, focusing on patient characteristics, arrhythmia spectrum, and outcome in a large cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 131 consecutive patients aged 80 and older (mean age 83 +/- 3) undergoing ablation for any indication from 1998 until 2004. Sixty-eight patients (52%) had structural heart disease. Most common indications were typical atrial flutter (54%), atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) (22%), and atrial fibrillation (AF) (18%). Patients with structural heart disease had more often atrial flutter (72 vs. 35%, P < 0.001) and less AVNRT (7 vs. 38%, P < 0.001) than those without structural heart disease. In almost all patients with AF, ventricular rate control was achieved by elimination of atrioventricular conduction and pacemaker implantation. Success rate exceeded 97% for all ablation types. There was one major complication (0.8%), a stroke after isthmus ablation. CONCLUSION: Almost half of the very elderly patients undergoing ablation have structural heart disease. Indications have changed significantly in recent years, typical atrial flutter is nowadays the predominant indication. The arrhythmia spectrum differs significantly between patients with and without structural heart disease. Regardless of the presence or absence of structural heart disease, success is excellent. Catheter ablation is an excellent therapy option for geriatric patients with arrhythmias.     

小儿快速心律失常320例射频消融效果和临床分析

目的探讨小儿不同类型心动过速的射频消融效果,构成比和相应的临床特点.方法对1991年3月～2000年12月我院经射频消融治疗快速心律失常320例患儿进行分析.结果320例患儿(年龄6个月～16岁)中,225例为旁道参与的房室折返性心动过速(AVRT),其中左侧房室旁路消融成功率为98.3%,右侧房室旁路成功率为93%,房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)58例,成功率为98%,复发率为4.6%;房性心动过速和心房扑动6例,成功率为83%,复发率为17%;特发性室性心动过速(IVT)31例,左室间隔部IVT成功率为100%,右室流出道IVT成功率为85.7%,总复发率为12%.并发症1.6%(5/320),其中Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例,1例为左侧房室旁路,2个月后恢复正常,1例为AVNRT;动静脉栓塞3例(8个月～3岁),静点尿激酶后缓解.31例IVT心室速率为150～240(198±26)次/min,QRS波时限0.09～0.12(0.10±0.01)s,25例有室房分离.22例室速(VT)起源于左室,9例起源于右室流出道.全部320例快速心律失常中,合并器质性心脏病10例;因心动过速持续发作并发心动过速性心肌病9例,其中4例经射频消融成功治疗后心脏各项指标恢复正常.结论小儿射频消融术是相对安全、有效的方法,在<4岁儿童和婴幼儿应严格掌握适应证;(2)AVRT和AVNRT是小儿室上性心动过速中最为常见的两种类型;(3)小儿IVT多呈窄QRS波,室房分离是诊断IVT的有力依据;(4)心动过速心肌病经早期适当的治疗是可逆的,应特别注意与扩张型心肌病鉴别.     

Radiofrequency ablation of arrhythmias guided by non-fluoroscopic catheter location: a prospective randomized trial.

AIMS: To compare the utility of non-fluoroscopic mapping systems (Carto and Ensite NavX) with that of conventional mapping in patients referred for catheter ablation of a wide variety of arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients referred for catheter ablation (excluding atrial fibrillation, atypical atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease, and complete AV nodal ablation) were randomized equally to a procedure guided by Carto, Ensite NavX, or conventional mapping. A total of 145 patients were recruited (82 men, aged 49+/-16, range 18-85). In 19 patients, no ablation was performed, and in the remaining, typical atrial flutter, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardias [including Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)] accounted for 93% of ablations. Overall procedure time, immediate and short-term success, complication rate, and freedom from symptoms at follow-up were identical for all groups. NavX led to the least X-ray exposure: Navx vs. conventional, median (range): 4 (0-50) vs. 13 (2-46) min (P<0.001); NavX vs. Carto, median (range): 4 (0-50) vs. 6 (1-55) min (P=0.008). Both Carto and NavX increased disposable costs by 50% when compared with conventional (P<0.001). For typical atrial flutter, Carto and NavX reduced screening times without increasing procedure cost. If ablation was not performed, NavX was twice as expensive as Carto or conventional. CONCLUSION: Ensite NavX and Carto procedures have similar effectiveness and safety to a conventional approach; however, they both reduce X-ray exposure, with NavX producing a significantly greater effect than Carto. Although this benefit is achieved at a greater financial cost, there may be long-term benefits to catheter laboratory staff.     

导管射频消融心房颤动致心脏穿孔并发心脏损伤后综合征一例

患者女性,77岁,因阵发性心房颤动(房颤)而入院.入院查体:体温36℃,脉搏90次/min,呼吸20次/min,血压126/64 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),心肺无异常.血常规、血生化、凝血功能无异常.12导联心电图示窦性心律,X线胸片、超声心动图未见异常.诊断:阵发性房颤.因多种抗心律失常药物治疗效果不佳,于2009年7月27日行经皮导管射频消融术.     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常244例临床分析

目的总结射频消融治疗快速心律失常的经验。方法回顾性分析244例经导管射频消融治疗快速心律失常患者的治疗结果。其中男性112例,女性132例,年龄12～83(46±16)岁。心动过速发作史1d至48年,平均(10±8)年。采用常规方法行电生理检查及射频消融。结果房室结折返性心动过速114例,房室折返性心动过速117例,房室结折返合并房室折返性心动过速4例,房速5例,房扑3例,房室结折返性心动过速合并房速1例。射频消融总成功率96.7%,复发率4.1%。术后I度房室传导阻滞2例,Ⅲ度传导阻滞1例,气胸3例。结论射频消融成功率高,并发症少,是治疗快速心律失常安全有效的方法。     

肺静脉线-段-点联合消融治疗心房纤颤的临床观察

目的采用左房环状线性(线)消融、肺静脉口节段性(段)电隔离术加局灶性(点)消融法(简称线-段-点法)治疗心房纤颤(房颤),并研究该方法的有效性和安全性。方法采用8mm温控消融导管分别在左房环状线性消融左右侧上下肺静脉口周围,肺静脉口壶腹部节段性消融丛状电位,最后标测和点状消融提前的单相电位(在肺静脉内或心房内)。结果26例患者均行肺静脉开口外环状线性消融。电隔离肺静脉共89条。行点状消融共25例。26例中20例所有异常电位消失,6例肺静脉内仍有高耸的异常电位,但已达到传出阻滞。手术即刻成功率100%。随访4～8个月,24例(92%)未发作房颤;术后仍有房颤发作而服用抗心律失常药物后房颤发作明显减少者2例(8%)。未发生并发症。结论线-段-点联合消融法治疗房颤,方法简单,成功率高,并发症少。     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常房室结损伤的预防

目的 总结经验教训,提高射频消融的安全性。方法 回顾分析了10例射频消融并发房室结损伤的病例,提出其预防及处理方法。结果 400例射频消融术中并发房室结损伤10例（占2.5%）,其中发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞（AVB）需要安装永久起搏器2例（占0.50%),一过性Ⅲ度AVB、一过性Ⅱ度Ⅰ型AVB和和一过性Ⅰ度AVB共8例（占2.00%)。结论 射频消融并发房室结的损伤与操作的经验有关,严格操作规程,纯熟掌握操作技术和影响学知识,严密监测消融中心电图变化,及时正确处理,可以使损伤减少到最低限度。     

导管射频消融治疗室性期前收缩的随访

目的:研究射频消融治疗室性期前收缩的效果。方法:对60例频发、症状明显、药物治疗无效的室性期前收缩患者,根据体表心电图特点初步判断室性期前收缩来源,将大头消融电极置入左心室或右心室,用激动顺序标测及起搏标测法确定消融靶点,以12～40W,3～7min消融。以室性期前收缩在放电后10s内消失,维持稳定窦性心律30min为即刻成功标准。结果:消融即刻成功率95%(57/60)。术后随访(21±15)个月,无消融相关并发症发生。结论:经导管射频消融治疗室性期前收缩安全、有效,可作为症状严重,药物治疗无效或不能耐受患者的治疗选择。     

Use of troponin-T concentration and kinase isoforms for quantitation of myocardial injury induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation

BACKGROUND: Although there remains particular concern about late malignantventricular arrhythmias arising from myocardial damage inducedby catheter ablation, the extent of myocardial injury resultingfrom clinical ablation procedures has not been fully studied.We conducted a prospective, controlled study to investigatethe use of two newer markers of myocardial integrity, troponin-Tconcentration and creatine kinase isoforms, and a traditionalmarker, creatine kinase-MB concentration, in the assessmentof myocardial injury following radiofrequency catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 28 consecutive patients subjectedto radiofrequency catheter ablation, and the control group comprisedeight subjects undergoing diagnostic electrophysiology study.Prior to ablation and at 30 min, 1, 2, 6, and 12 h followingthe procedure, blood samples were taken to measure troponin-Tand creatine kinase-MB concentrations, and the separation ofcreatine kinase isoforms (MM3/MM1 and MB2/MB1 ratios). The troponin-Tconcentration was above normal in all but two patients followingradio-frequency ablation, and the MB2/MB1 ratio was raised inall but one patient following ablation, but was also abnormalin the pre-ablation samples in seven patients. The MM3/MM1 ratiofailed to detect myocardial injury in 75% of patients. Of patientssubjected to ablation, in only 36% was the creatine kinase-MBconcentration raised at least once post-ablation. Thirty minutespost-ablation, there was a statistically significant differencebetween the control and patient groups only as regards troponin-Tconcentration. There was a significant association between troponin-Tconcentration immediately post-procedure, the number of dischargesdelivered (r=0·52, p=0·006) and maximum powerused (r=0·48, p=0·009). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that catheter ablation inflicts a cumulative,detectable injury upon the myocardium. This injury can be quantitatedby using newer analytical techniques, such as serial, post-ablationmeasurements of troponin-T concentration.     

经胸心脏超声引导射频消融房室结加VVI起搏11例

目的评价在心内射频消融中应用经胸二维超声心动图（TTE）作为影像学引导电极导管到位的可行性、安全性、有效性。方法10例持续性、永久性房颤患者和1例房扑患者以TTE作为影像学指导电极导管置放、靶点标测。结果TTE对10例患者成功引导了房室结阻断术并植入心脏永久起搏器,对1例患者成功实现了房扑消融。结论TTE可成功作为影像学指导,部分或全部替代X线透视引导心内射频消融术。