氟尿嘧啶植入剂预防肝癌破裂术后腹腔种植的临床研究

目的 研究氟尿嘧啶植入剂对预防肝癌破裂术后肿瘤腹腔种植转移的临床疗效.方法 12例在肝癌破裂出血手术切除后,将氟尿嘧啶植入剂分别播撒于肝切除部位或断面、局部淋巴引流区域、网膜组织.术后随访复查CT以排除腹腔转移.结果 12例患者手术均成功,成功切除病灶,无手术死亡,7例行肝癌切除术,4例行规则性肝叶/段切除术(左肝外叶切除3例,第Ⅳ段切除1例),1例第八段肝癌侵犯膈肌,同时行肝肿瘤切除并部分膈肌切除术.平均随访14.3个月,1例患者术后6个月复查发现脾脏周围转移,其他11例患者均未发现有腹腔转移病灶,2例肝内复发.1例患者术后13个月死于肝外其他器官转移.结论 同国内同类研究相比较,氟尿嘧啶植入剂能显著减少肝癌破裂术后肿瘤腹腔种植转移.     

皮下植泵灌注药物预防原发性肝癌术后复发

目的: 对比分析皮下植泵灌注化疗药物降低原发性肝癌术后肝内复发率,提高生存率的效果.方法: 95例原发性肝癌切除术后,同时皮下植泵,泵导管植入肝动脉、门静脉,术后定期通过药泵灌注化疗药物至肝脏(A组);行单纯肝癌切除术72例(B组);肝癌切除术加静脉化疗65例(C组).随访3年,比较3组的术后复发率和生存率.结果: 原发性肝癌术后皮下植泵组与对照组比较,术后3年的肝内复发率显著降低(P<0.01),生存率显著提高(P<0.01).结论: 皮下植泵定期灌注化疗是防止原发性肝癌术后肝内复发,提高生存率的有效方法.     

原发性肝癌切除术后发生肝功能代偿不全的临床研究

目的: 探讨了解肝部分切除术后出现肝功能不全的可能原因. 方法: 将63例原发性肝癌患者分成3组,比较分析各组的手术后生存时间与生存率、术后复发率、术前、术后的主要肝功能指标,术后一年内出现肝功能不全的原因与频率,以及死亡患者的死亡原因与时间等. 结果: 平均随访时间为(25±21.3)个月,各组生存率无显著性差异,总复发率为56%(35/63),平均复发时间为17个月;术后死于复发癌的时间为(22±12.3)个月,死于肝功能不全的时间为(4.8±3.7)个月,术前肝功能储备差者,术后易发生代偿不全,术后早期死亡者大多由肝功能不全所致. 结论: 对原发性肝癌病人行肝部分切除术时,要充分了解肝功能储备,术后早期积极给予保肝治疗.     

肝癌肝移植7例体会

目的 探讨原位肝移植在原发性肝癌治疗中的意义. 方法 回顾性分析2001年3月至2004年12月肝癌肝移植7例的临床病例资料. 结果 7例手术全部成功,无围手术期死亡.现4例无瘤生存.1例死于肝癌复发肺转移,2例死于乙肝复发,其中1例存活了42个月. 结论 肝移植术治疗肝癌仍应严格掌握适应证.     

肝内复发性肝癌治疗结果分析

目的 探讨肝癌术后复发再治疗的方法和意义. 方法 364例肝内复发患者根据不同病情分别予再次切除、介入治疗或无水酒精注射. 结果 再切除组的1,3,5年生存率为78.0%,43.9%,26.2%,介入组的1,3,5年生存率为51.6%,31.1%,18.3%,行无水酒精注射组的1,3,5年生存率为46.5%,27.9%,13.9%. 结论 再切除是肝癌复发的首选治疗方法,TACE和PEI可延长患者生存期.     

TACE联合PEI治疗原发性肝癌血液循环性肝癌细胞的变化及意义

目的：探讨联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)及B超引导下肿瘤局部无水酒精注射术(PEI),治疗原发性肝癌周围静脉血液循环性肝癌细胞的变化及其意义.方法:应用巢式RT-PCR检测12例原发性肝癌患者血液循环性肝癌细胞,并经TACE及PEI联合治疗,观察其血液循环性肝癌细胞的变化.结果:血液循环性肝癌细胞表达阳性的5例原发性肝癌患者(41.67%),经TACE及PEI联合治疗后,其血液循环性肝癌细胞均转为阴性(100%,P<0.01).结论:联合TACE及PEI治疗原发性肝癌可有效地杀灭血液中播散的循环性肝癌细胞,可预防肝癌的复发和转移.     

肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗的临床观察

目的 探讨肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗治疗肝癌的临床疗效及其应用价值. 方法 1998年3月至2002年3月采用肝癌切除63例,随机分为2组,Ⅰ组24例仅行肝癌切除,Ⅱ组39例肝癌切除时联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗,58例获随访. 结果 5例手术后3个月内死于肝肾功能衰竭,53例术后恢复良好.术后1,2,3年复发率和生存率据统计学检验,Ⅱ组的手术后复发率明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的手术后生存率明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01). 结论 肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗,可以降低术后复发率,提高生存率.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞在原发性肝癌外科治疗中的地位和作用

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)在原发性肝癌(HCC)外科治疗中的地位和作用.方法 :回顾分析我院近十年TACE在HCC术前、术后、复发性肝癌,肝癌二期切除治疗中的应用体会并结合文献加以综述.结果 :3例小肝癌行TACE后切除顺利;对20例肝癌根治性切除后常规TACE;5例发现有残癌;3例巨大肝癌经3~4次TACE缩小后顺利切除.结论 :①可切除的HCC,术前TACE对降低术后复发率、延长病人生存率.不但无益,反而适得其反,并延误手术时机.②对切除有困难的HCC先作TACE治疗,可能使肿瘤缩小以便切除.③对不能手术的复发性肝癌TACE是一种有效的治疗方法 .④无法切除的大肝癌使用2~4次TACE后有可能使肝癌二期切除.⑤肝癌根治性切除术后辅以TACE可望降低术后复发率,早期发现残癌早期治疗,提高术后生存率.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮射频消融治疗肝癌

目的: 探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮射频消融治疗不能手术切除的肝癌的价值.方法: 对2000年2月至2003年2月间103例不能手术切除的肝癌分别行肝动脉栓塞化疗(51例)或肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮射频消融(52例).结果: 两组治疗后6个月生存率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),1年及2年生存率差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).肿瘤缩小率差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论: 对不能手术切除的肝癌,肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮射频消融能明显提高肿瘤缩小率及生存率.     

肝癌术中腹腔内游离癌细胞与术后种植转移的相关性分析

目的 分析肝癌术中腹腔内游离癌细胞数量与术后种植转移发生率的相关性,为肝癌术后种植转移的早期诊断、预测和预防奠定理论基础.方法 收集128例原发性肝癌患者术中的腹腔灌洗液,采用流式细胞仪DNA倍体分析技术计数其中的肝癌细胞数量,并对术后腹腔内种植转移情况进行随访.结果 肝癌术中腹腔灌洗液中游离癌细胞计数与术后腹腔内种植转移的发生率存在一定的相关性(γ=0.628),其中术中肝癌破裂组、肝癌部分切除组、肝癌自发破裂组为术后发生种植转移的高危组.结论 肝癌术中腹腔内游离癌细胞数量对术后种植转移的发生率有一定的预测作用,通过采取有效的措施以减少肝癌术中腹腔内游离癌细胞对术后种植转移的发生有一定的预防作用.     

Role of repeated hepatectomy in the multimodal treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases

HYPOTHESIS: Multimodal treatment consisting of repeated hepatectomy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for liver-confined recurrence of colorectal cancer can yield long-term survival comparable with that associated with primary hepatectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: A prospective database at a tertiary referral cancer center. PATIENTS: Review of 274 consecutive liver resections identified 64 patients who underwent resection of hepatic colorectal metastases without ablation followed by adjuvant irinotecan hydrochloride- or oxaliplatin-based systemic chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Median and 5-year overall and disease-free survival after primary and repeated hepatectomy. RESULTS: At median follow-up of 40 months, median and 5-year overall survival after hepatectomy were 60 months and 53%, respectively; median and 5-year disease-free survival were 33 months and 25%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that less than 1 year between colectomy and liver resection (P = .001), more than 3 metastases (P = .001), no repeated hepatectomy (P = .01), and lymph node-positive primary colon cancer (P = .02) were independently predictive of worse survival. Of 28 patients (44%) with liver-confined recurrence, 19 (30%) underwent repeated hepatectomy; at median follow-up of 38 months, median and 5-year overall survival after repeated hepatectomy were 48 months and 44%, respectively. No risk factors were identified in multivariate analysis. In patients with recurrence, median and 5-year overall survival measured from primary hepatectomy were 70 months and 73%, respectively, with repeated hepatectomy vs 43 months and 43%, respectively, without repeated hepatectomy (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Multimodal treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer confined to the liver should begin with consideration of repeated hepatectomy.     

Treatment strategy for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer

Over the past 25 years, 125 patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent 167 hepatectomies in our department. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after the initial hepatectomy were 90%, 58%, and 51%, respectively, and those after repeated hepatectomy were 88%, 60%, and 42%, respectively. The predictive factors significantly associated with poor prognosis after initial hepatectomy were maximal diameter of metastasis (> or = 5 cm), distribution pattern in the liver (multiple bilobar), number of nodules (> or = four), and presence of extrahepatic metastases. A disease-free interval of > 6 months after initial hepatectomy was a significant factor for prolongation of survival after repeat hepatectomy. Patients with hilar node metastases at the initial hepatectomy did not receive a survival benefit from hepatectomy, while 5 patients underwent repeat hepatectomy with lymphadenectomy for remnant liver and hilar node metastases with a disease-free interval of > 8 months and 4 of them survived for > 5 years. Our treatment strategies for colorectal hepatic metastases are as follows: 1) hepatectomy is the first choice for < 4 liver metastases without extrahepatic disease; 2) a careful evaluation for liver resection is performed for patients with > or = 4 liver metastases receiving hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy because of the high frequency of hepatic and/or extrahepatic recurrence after initial hepatectomy; 3) the presence of hilar node metastases at the initial hepatectomy should be excluded from surgical indications; 4) simultaneous single metastasis limited to the lung is an indication for lung resection; and 5) a suitable indication for repeat hepatectomy for hepatic recurrence is patients with a longer disease-free interval. Aggressive surgery based on the optimum patient selection can contribute to clinical benefit, including long-term survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases.     

Impact of repeat hepatectomy on recurrent colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND. Hepatic recurrence is seen in approximately 40% of patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. This study was designed to assess the risks and clinical benefits of repeat hepatectomy for those patients. METHODS. Twenty-six patients underwent repeat hepatectomy for hepatic recurrence, and their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for operative morbidity and mortality, performance level, and survival. RESULTS. There was no operative mortality after repeat hepatectomy. Operative bleeding was significantly increased in the second hepatectomy; but operating time, duration of hospital stay, and performance status after the second hepatectomy were comparable with those of the initial hepatectomy. The median survival time from the second hepatectomy was 31 months, and the 3- and 5-year survival rates were 62% and 32%, respectively. A short disease-free interval (6 months or less) between the initial hepatectomy and diagnosis of hepatic recurrence in the remnant liver was significantly associated with poor survival after the second hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS. Repeat resection contributed to clinical benefits for selected patients with hepatic recurrence after the initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. However, appearance of hepatic recurrence within 6 months or less after the initial hepatectomy is a poor prognostic factor for repeat hepatectomy.     

Surgical management of recurrence after resection of colorectal liver metastases

The optimal treatment for recurrent lesions after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases is controversial. We report the outcome of aggressive surgery for recurrent disease after the initial hepatectomy and the influence on quality of life of such treatment. Forty-five (70%) of the 64 surviving patients developed recurrence after the initial hepatectomy for liver metastases. The determinants of hepatic recurrence were the distribution and the number of liver metastases. Twenty-eight (62%) of patients with recurrence underwent resection. A second hepatectomy was performed in 20 patients, and a third hepatectomy was done in 5 patients. Ten patients with pulmonary metastasis underwent partial lung resection on 14 occasions, while resection of brain metastases was performed in 3 patients on 5 occasions. There were no operative deaths after resection of recurrent disease. The morbidity rate was 28% after repeat hepatectomy, 21% after pulmonary resection, and 0% after resection of brain metastasis. The Karnofsky performance status (PS) after the last surgery was not significantly different from that after the initial hepatectomy. The 3- and 5-year survival rates after the second hepatectomy were 54% and 14%, respectively. The 3-and 5-year survival rates of the patients undergoing resection of extrahepatic recurrence were both 17%. The survival rate after resection of recurrent disease (n=28) was significantly better than that of patients (n=17) with unresectable recurrence (P < 0.05). For the 66 patients with colorectal liver metastases, the 5-year survival rate after initial hepatectomy was 50%. The distribution and the number of liver metastases and the presence of extrahepatic disease, as single factors, significantly affected prognosis after the initial hepatectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that only the presence of extrahepatic metastasis and a disease-free interval of less than 6 months were independent predictors of survival after the initial and second hepatectomy, respectively. It is concluded that aggressive surgery is an effective strategy for selected patients with recurrence after initial hepatectomy. Careful selection of candidates for repeat surgery will yield increased clinical benefit, including long-term survival.     

Repeat Hepatectomy for Recurrent Colorectal Metastases

Purpose To determine the risks and benefits of repeat hepatectomy for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.Methods During a recent 10-year-period, 106 patients underwent hepatectomy for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, in our hospital. Recurrence developed in the liver in 57 of these patients, 27 of whom underwent repeat hepatectomy. We reviewed the outcomes of these 27 patients.Results There were three complications after the first hepatectomy and six complications after the second hepatectomy, but there was no perioperative mortality after the first or second hepatectomy. The median survival from the date of second hepatectomy was 41 months with an actuarial 5-year survival rate of 48.7%. Patients who underwent repeat hepatectomy had significantly higher survival rates from the time of first hepatectomy than those who did not. Univariate analysis showed that among the prognostic factors of repeat hepatectomy, only a disease-free interval (DFI) between the first and second hepatectomy of more than 1 year was significantly predictive of a better outcome (P = 0.047).Conclusion Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent colorectal metastases can be performed safely with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates, and can help to extend survival, if the DFI between the first and second hepatectomy is longer than 1 year.     

Role of node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis in repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis with hilar node remetastasis is poor, the role of node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis at repeat hepatectomy for hepatic recurrence is unknown. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent node dissection plus hepatectomy were retrospectively reviewed and divided into three groups: group I, 38 patients with a negative node; group II, 6 with a positive node at initial hepatectomy, and group III, 6 with a positive node at repeat hepatectomy. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate after initial hepatectomy in group I was 46%. All patients in group II died within 2 years after surgery. In group III, the median survival time was 42 months after repeat hepatectomy, and 4 patients survived for more than 5 years after initial hepatectomy. Disease-free time was more than 1 year after initial hepatectomy in all long-term survivors. In addition, node metastasis was limited around the hepatic pedicle and postpancreatic area in 3 of 4 long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis may contribute to longer survival only when node metastasis is limited around the hepatic pedicle and postpancreatic area at repeat hepatectomy performed more than 1 year after the initial hepatectomy.     

Analysis of predictive factors for recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases

Hepatectomy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer has recently received general acceptance as a safe, potentially curative treatment. Most patients, however, die of recurrent disease after hepatectomy. The predictive factors for recurrence after first resection of liver metastases have not yet been clarified. The authors aimed to determine the factors that can predict recurrence, especially hepatic-only recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Seventy-six patients who underwent liver resection of colorectal metastases were studied retrospectively. Forty-seven (61.8%) of the patients had a recurrence. The patients' disease-free survival after first hepatectomy and the second recurrence sites were univariately and multivariately analyzed using 16 clinicopathologic variables. Wall invasion, lymph node metastases, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion of the primary tumor, 24 months or longer disease-free interval after resection of the primary colorectal cancer, and bilateral liver metastases significantly influenced the disease-free survival (log-rank test: p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that venous invasion of the primary tumor and bilateral hepatic metastases were independent risk factors for recurrence after hepatectomy. The liver was the only site of second recurrence in 23 patients. Patients with lymph node metastases and venous invasion of the primary tumor had a significant difference between hepatic-only and extrahepatic recurrence after first hepatectomy (chi-square test or Fishers' exact test: p < 0.05). Recurrence after hepatectomy was influenced more by factors associated with the primary colorectal cancer than factors surrounding the first liver metastases. Venous invasion of the primary colorectal cancer was the most important predictable factor for hepatic-only second recurrence.     

Hepatic resection for breast cancer metastases: results and prognosis (65 cases)]

STUDY AIM: To report results of liver resections for breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) and to evaluate the rate of survival and the prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Between 1988 and 1999, 69 patients were operated on for BCLM and 65 who had liver resection were analyzed. The selection criteria for surgery were: normal performance status and liver function test; radiological objective response to chemotherapy (and/or hormonotherapy); in cases of non-isolated BCLM, complete response of associated metastatic site (usually bone) and no brain metastases. The mean age of the 65 patients was 47 (30-70) years. BCLM was diagnosed an average of 60 (0-205) months after the initial cancer. The BCLM was more frequently solitary (n = 44). The mean diameter was 3.8 (0-12) cm. The mean number of cycles of chemotherapy before surgery was 7.5 (3-24). Liver resections included major hepatectomy (n = 31): right n = 19, extended left n = 4, left n = 8, minor hepatectomy (n = 25) and limited resection (n = 9). RESULTS: There was no postoperative mortality. The 18% morbidity rate included a majority of pleural effusions with two reoperations. The median follow-up was 41 months (6-100 months). The survival rate after surgery was 90% at 1 year, 71% at 3 and 46% at 4 years. Thirteen patients are alive at 4 years. The 36-month survival rate differed according to the time to onset of BCLM: 55% before versus 86% after 48 months (p = 0.01). The other studied factors were not statistically associated with survival. The recurrence rate in the remaining liver at 36 months differed according to the lymph node status of the initial breast cancer: 40% for N0-N1 versus 81% for N1b-N2 (p = 0.01) and according to the type of liver resection: 45% for minor liver resection versus 73% for major (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant liver surgery should be included in multicenter treatment protocols for medically-controlled breast cancer liver metastasis.     

Repeat liver resection for recurrent colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to delineate the role of surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer in the liver and to identify prognosticators for better patient selection and outcome. METHODS: Data from 90 repeat hepatectomies (second = 75; third = 12; fourth = 3) for recurrent colorectal cancer were collected. RESULTS: After the second hepatectomy, the 3-and 5-year survival rates were 48% and 31%, respectively. Twenty-seven percent (20 of 75) of patients are alive without recurrence after a median follow-up of 27 months, and 9 survived more than 5 years. Four or more tumors, positive regional lymph node metastases, concomitant extrahepatic disease, and residual tumor were independent poor prognostic factors after the second hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat hepatectomy should be applied for recurrent colorectal cancer, when curative removal of the tumor is possible, although the benefit from treatment was limited in a patient with regional lymph node metastases, 4 or more metastases, or extrahepatic disease.     

Two-stage hepatectomy: A planned strategy to treat irresectable liver tumors

OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility, risks, and patient outcomes in the treatment of colorectal metastases with two-stage hepatectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Some patients with multiple hepatic colorectal metastases are not candidates for a complete resection by a single hepatectomy, even when downstaged by chemotherapy, after portal embolization, or combined with a locally destructive technique. In two-stage hepatectomy, the highest possible number of tumors is resected in a first, noncurative intervention, and the remaining tumors are resected after a period of liver regeneration. In selected patients with irresectable multiple metastases not amenable to a single hepatectomy procedure, two-stage hepatectomy might offer a chance of long-term remission. METHODS: Of consecutive patients with conventionally irresectable colorectal metastases treated by chemotherapy, 16 of 398 (4%) became eligible for curative two-stage hepatectomy combined with chemotherapy and adjuvant nonsurgical interventions as indicated. RESULTS: Two-stage hepatectomy was feasible in 13 of 16 patients (81%). There were no surgical deaths. The postoperative death rate (2 months or less) was 0% for the first-stage procedure and 15% for the second-stage one. Postoperative complication rates were 31% and 45%, respectively, with only one complication leading to reoperation. The 3-year survival rate was 35%, with four patients (31%) disease-free at 7, 22, 36, and 54 months. Median survival was 31 months from the second hepatectomy and 44 months from the diagnosis of metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Two-stage hepatectomy combined with chemotherapy may allow a long-term remission in selected patients with irresectable multiple metastases and increases the proportion of patients with resectable disease.