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1.
目的 通过结局调查分析既往有脑出血史的缺血性卒中患者使用抗血小板药物(antiplatelet drugs,APD)的状况以及使用APD对再发脑出血和再发脑梗死的影响.方法 随访我院既往有过脑出血的脑梗死患者的单中心、回顾性队列研究.统计学方法采用生存曲线及Logistic回归分析APD对既往有过脑出血患者缺血性卒中二级预防结局的影响.结果 既往有过脑出血的缺血性卒中合并心房颤动和心肌梗死的患者在心内科就诊时更易接受服用APD.既往有过脑出血患者缺血性卒中二级预防中APD没有增加再发脑出血(OR=1.149,95%CI0.376~3.513,P=0.808);未良好控制的高血压和脑叶出血是再发脑出血的危险因素;APD的使用能明显降低再发脑梗死的发生(OR=0.410,95%CI0.203~0.826,P=0.013).既往有过脑出血的缺血性卒中患者服用APD再发脑出血间隔时间均值为39个月,未服APD患者为45个月(X2=1.257,P=0.262).既往有过脑出血的缺血性卒中患者服用APD再发脑梗死间隔时间均值为42个月,末服APD患者为22个月(X2=14.315,P=0.001).结论 既往有过脑出血的缺血性卒中患者,通过APD进行缺血性卒中二级预防可获益,再发肭出血未见增多.考虑到本调查中脑叶出血和高血压控制不良容易再发脑出血,使用APD时把血压控制在正常范围并排除既往有过脑叶出血的病例,也许是更为安全的选择.  相似文献   

2.
抗血小板药物目前仍是缺血性卒中急性期治疗和二级预防的常规用药。经典抗血小板药物阿司匹林、氯吡格雷的临床疗效已经肯定,但仍存在一些不足,如药物耐受性、增加出血风险等。因此,新型抗血小板药物以其不同的药代动力学和药效学特性与经典抗血小板药物互补,并能克服其临床应用的局限性而受到关注并逐渐在临床推广应用。本文拟对已发表的新型抗血小板药物的临床研究证据进行概述,并提出其临床应用所面临的挑战。  相似文献   

3.
由于卒中的致残率及病死率较高,因此,对卒中的防治一直倍受人们的关注。70年代开始,阿司匹林(乙酰水杨酸,Acetylsalicylic Acid,ASA)抗血小板聚集作用逐步被人们认识并对其进行了许多大型临床试验研究。将ASA作为卒中一级预防药物的大型临床试验主要有美国医师健康研究(Unit—ed States Physicians’Health Study,USPHS)、英国男性医师  相似文献   

4.
心房颤动是急性缺血性卒中的独立危险因素,由其引起的缺血性卒中约占全部缺血性卒中的20%;与心房颤动相关的危险因素包括高龄(≥75岁)、高血压、糖尿病、近期心力衰竭、缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作病史,风险评价体系包括CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASC评分系统。风险评价体系的建立有利于评价脑卒中风险、决定采取何种治疗措施。预防性治疗原则为高度和中度风险行抗凝治疗、低度风险行抗血小板治疗或不治疗。华法林目前仍是主要抗凝药物,新型口服抗凝药虽具有脑卒中发生率和出血率低、无需监测等优点,但缺乏多中心大样本随机对照试验的验证。  相似文献   

5.
目的 系统评价急性缺血性卒中患者在重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓前抗血小板药物治疗对出血性转化(HT)的影响和安全性.方法 计算机检索相关数据库,辅以文献追溯、网上查询等方法,检索建库至2013年12月31日国内、外公开发表的抗血小板药物对静脉溶栓后HT影响的对照研究,由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选和数据信息采集,采用RevMan 5.2和Stata 12.0软件进行荟萃分析,漏斗图和Egger's回归法评估发表偏倚.结果 共纳入文献10篇,其中8项研究中的抗血小板组5 185例及对照组10 660例的症状性颅内出血(SICH)发生率经荟萃分析后结果显示:溶栓前抗血小板治疗增加了溶栓后SICH的发生率,其差异有统计学意义(OR=1.67,95% CI1.44 ~1.93,P<0.01);6项研究中的抗血小板组1 359例及对照组2 497例的任何颅内出血发生率荟萃分析结果显示:溶栓前抗血小板治疗增加了溶栓后颅内出血的发生率,其差异有统计学意义(OR=1.23,95% CI 1.04 ~ 1.47,P<0.05);3项研究中的抗血小板组3 966例及对照组8 368例的3个月功能独立情况荟萃分析结果显示:抗血小板组3个月功能独立性较对照组略差,其差异有统计学意义(OR=0.86,95% CI 0.80~0.93,P<0.01).漏斗图和Egger's检验均提示无明显发表偏倚(P>0.05).结论 溶栓前接受抗血小板聚集药物治疗可能可以增加溶栓后SICH及颅内出血的风险,且3个月功能独立性也略差.受纳入研究质量限制,以上结果有待大规模前瞻性研究予以证实.  相似文献   

6.
在脑血管病患者中,约80%为缺血性卒中患者,多伴有多种危险因素,是卒中复发的高危人群。在非心源性缺血性卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)的二级预防中,抗血小板治疗的疗效已被大量临床研究证实,并被各国的指南所推荐。本文结合新近发表的指南以及经典的临床试验,对非心源性缺血性卒中/TIA的抗血小板治疗模式做一综述。  相似文献   

7.
急性缺血性卒中的抗血小板治疗   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
急性缺血性卒中患者血小板被激活,抗血小板治疗可减少早期脑梗死的复发,减轻脑损伤的体积,降低早期死亡和改善存活者的长期预后。但抗血小板治疗增加非致死性或症状性颅内出血的发生率。阿司匹林是证据最充分且得到各国指南推荐的治疗急性缺血性卒中的抗血小板药物,对未溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者应尽早开始阿司匹林治疗。氯吡格雷、血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/IIIa受体抑制剂、双嘧达莫、西洛他唑等单药用于治疗急性缺血性卒中的安全性和疗效目前尚无足够的证据。抗血小板药物联合应用的疗效和可能的风险尚需进一步研究。  相似文献   

8.
2011年初,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科王拥军教授在回眸卒中2010介绍会上对Stroke 杂志评选出来的2010年卒中十大进展做了详细的介绍和分析,并介绍了美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)/美国卒中协会(American Stroke Association,ASA)2011年缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者卒中预防指南的内容.因这次讲座涉及的都是国际国内卒中研究的最新动向,现将与会代表与王拥军教授的精彩问答摘录如下,与读者共享.  相似文献   

9.
卒中患者急性期治疗阶段是治疗的关键时期。卒中医疗的统一的、模式化的方法目的是预防卒中进展、卒中复发、卒中并发症及规范卒中后治疗等。指南采用的证据类别及等级的定义如下:  相似文献   

10.
在美国每年约80万的卒中发病患者中,约1/4为复发者.为减少卒中复发,美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)/美国卒中协会(American Stroke Association,ASA)组织专家对2005年后(截止2009年8月)以英文发表的各种研究工作予以总结,并对2006年发表的缺血性卒中/短暂性缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者的卒中预防指南(截止2004年12月的各种研究)进行了更新[1-2].  相似文献   

11.
目的 通过卒中专病门诊登记随访,提高对卒中患者高血压的管理。方法 选择资料完整的、连续的在卒中专病门诊登记的伴高血压的卒中患者833例,按能否坚持在专病门诊随访分为两组,比较两组患者高血压的治疗率和达标率。结果 833例患者中,随访后高血压的治疗率和达标率分别从随访前的40.5%和18.2%提高到92.1%和57.4%(P<0.01)。其中门诊随访患者的治疗率和达标率分别从41.0%和20.7%提高到98.4%和65.9%,电话随访患者的治疗率和达标率分别从39.0%和11.5%提高到74.3%和33.5%(P<0.001)。随访后患者联合使用降压药的比例从21.7%提高到28.8%(P=0.013),患者清淡饮食(48.3%到74.7%)、保持每日活动(17.3%到58.8%)、每周测血压(24.7%到46.7%)比例显著增加(P均<0.01),戒烟率(76.5%到94.4%,P<0.01)和戒酒率(77.1%到88.8%,P=0.002)亦显著增加。结论 卒中专病门诊可以提高卒中患者高血压的治疗率和达标率,提高生活方式的改变。坚持专病门诊随访者较未能坚持者的高血压的治疗率和达标率更好。  相似文献   

12.
在临床中,如果免疫性血小板减少(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)、肝素诱发的血小板减少 (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,HIT)、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP)等血小板减少疾病患者合并缺血性卒中,其治疗存在矛盾。本文对血小板减少的病因机制及血小 板减少合并急性缺血性卒中时静脉溶栓、机械取栓及抗血小板治疗等方面的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

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14.

Background

Anticoagulation therapy, particularly subcutaneous heparin therapy, is recommended for cancer-associated thrombosis. However, not starting or discontinuing anticoagulation was not rare. The aim of the present study was to examine the practical issues related to anticoagulation therapy and effects of subcutaneous heparin therapy for cancer-associated stroke.

Methods

Patients with cancer-associated stroke in our stroke center between October 2014 and August 2017 who were diagnosed as having acute ischemic stroke based on diffusion-weighted imaging were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical characteristics, heparin injection, reasons for no subcutaneous heparin therapy, and clinical outcomes were collected.

Results

A total of 59 patients with cancer-associated stroke (75 ± 10 years old, male 42%) were enrolled. Lung cancer was the most frequently observed cancer (n = 17, 29%), followed by gastric cancer (n = 8, 14%) and pancreatic cancer (n = 8, 14%). Of the 19 patients (32%) who underwent subcutaneous heparin therapy, it was discontinued in 9 (47%), mainly because of patients’ medical conditions (deterioration of cancer or hemorrhagic complication). Ten patients with long-term subcutaneous heparin therapy did not have stroke recurrence. In contrast, among nine patients who discontinued subcutaneous heparin therapy, three (33%) had recurrence of ischemic stroke. Of the 40 patients without subcutaneous heparin therapy, the main reasons for no subcutaneous heparin therapy were the patients’ medical conditions (n = 22, 55%).

Conclusions

Although subcutaneous heparin therapy was given to only one third of cancer-associated stroke patients, long-term subcutaneous heparin therapy might prevent recurrence of cancer-associated stroke.  相似文献   

15.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of cardioembolic ischemic stroke and has a rising prevalence worldwide. Stroke prevention in this condition is poised to take a substantial leap forward with the evolution of new anticoagulant medications, with superior properties compared to vitamin K antagonists. New, safer and more effective chronic therapy is on the horizon. However, many issues surrounding the management of stroke prevention after an acute stroke and during the course of chronic anticoagulant therapy remain to be resolved.  相似文献   

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After careful review of randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial data, the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline focused on using the appropriate intensity of statin therapy to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and moved away from recommending specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets. In patients who have had a stroke or other clinical ASCVD event, a high-intensity statin should be initiated up to age 75 years unless there are safety concerns, including a history of hemorrhagic stroke. A moderate-intensity statin is recommended if there are safety concerns or age is greater than 75 years. Atorvastatin 40–80 mg and rosuvastatin 20–40 mg are considered high-intensity statins. These new guidelines avoid unnecessary usage of non-statins to achieve specific LDL-C values, thus avoiding potential adverse effects or use of an inadequate statin intensity in patients who are “at goal.” When non-statins are considered for additional LDL-C lowering, ezetimibe is the only non-statin clearly shown to further reduce ASCVD risk when added to background statin therapy.  相似文献   

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Objective  To determine the rate of subacute recanalization and reocclusion and its effect on clinical outcomes among patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Subacute recanalization and reocclusion occurring hours after completion of the intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke has been reported in anecdotal cases. Methods  We performed cerebral angiography at 24 h to determine the status of occlusion after endovascular treatment (compared with immediate post-procedure angiogram) in a series of patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed before and 24 h, and prior to discharge or 1–3 months after treatment. We performed multivariate analysis to evaluate the effect of subacute recanalization on clinical outcome graded using modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcome was defined by mRS of 0–2. Results  A total of 56 patients (mean age 66 ± 14 years; 22 were men) were analyzed. Subacute recanalization was observed in 16 (29%) patients and consisted of additional recanalization in 8 patients with early recanalization. Subacute recanalization was associated with a trend toward a higher rate of favorable outcome (Wald chi-square 3.3, P = 0.19) after adjusting for other covariates. Subacute recanalization was not associated with either neurological deterioration or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Subacute reocclusion was observed in 5 (9%) patients. Subacute reocclusion was associated with a trend toward higher rate of neurological deterioration within 24 h (Wald chi-square 2.1, P = 0.15) after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusion  We found that new or additional recanalization occurs in one-fourth of the patients within 24 h of endovascular treatment and is not associated with any adverse consequences. Subacute reocclusion occurs infrequently after endovascular treatment.  相似文献   

20.
宋田 《中国卒中杂志》2006,1(4):289-290
在美国,卒中的死亡率和致残率很高。每年卒中导致的死亡近乎半数发生于患者到达医院之前。如果患者能够更早的接受治疗,或许可以避免死亡和严重致残事件。尽管卒中早期治疗的益处很明显,但由于求治延迟,只有少数患者在最佳时间段内获得治疗,因此,适当的干预措施能够减少患者求治过程中的延迟,大大降低死亡率和致残率。本科学声明的目的是总结早期治疗有益的循证医学依据,描述患者求治延迟的程度和  相似文献   

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