国人正常妊娠系列孕周胎儿大血管径线的超声测量

目的评价国人正常妊娠系列孕周(16～40周)正常胎儿大血管径线的变化规律.方法选择常规产科超声检查、系统胎儿心脏超声检查以及产后随访无异常的胎儿757例,按孕周分为12组,超声分别测量升主动脉(AsAo)、主动脉弓(ArAo)、主动脉峡部(IsAo)、肺动脉(PA)和动脉导管(DA)径线大小(分别测量3次取平均值),并将各测量值与孕周行直线回归相关分析.结果同一分组中PA与AsAo径线比较,除16～18周外,其余差异均有非常显著性(P＜0.01),PA内径大于AsAo内径;IsAo与AsAo、ArAo径线比较差异均有非常显著性(P＜0.01),IsAo内径小于AsAo、ArAo内径.对各径线测值与孕周行直线回归分析显示,各径线测值均随孕周增加而增大,且与孕周呈显著相关性,AsAo、ArAo、IsAo、PA、DA与孕周相关系数分别为r=0.779、r=0.706、r=0.664、r=0.804、r=0.636,P均＜0.01;PA与AsAo内径比值(PA/AsAo)与孕周行相关分析显示,r=0.032,P＞0.05.结论胎儿大血管各部位径线与孕周呈明显相关性,胎儿心脏发育以右心占优势,IsAo内径较主动脉各部位内径均小.     

孕20～40周正常胎儿心脏各径线超声心动图测值

目的测量孕20～40周正常胎儿心脏左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室、主动脉、肺动脉各径线参数,评价其动态变化规律。方法以二维超声对854例正常胎儿心脏各径线进行测量,得出各项参数,按孕周分为五组:20～24周;25～28周;29～32周;33～36周;37～40周。计算每组中各项参数的平均值;每组之间及各参数与孕周均进行相关分析比较。结果胎儿心脏各径线参数均与孕周直线关系较密切(左心室、右心室、左心房、右心房、主动脉内径、肺动脉内径的相关系数r值分别为0.69、0.68、0.70、0.68、0.73、0.72),同时进行相关系数的显著性检验,得出均P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论胎儿心脏各径线大小与孕周呈明显相关,据此可评价胎儿心脏发育情况,胎儿心脏发育以右心占优势;掌握此孕周范围胎儿心脏各径线正常值,对于更准确的识别胎儿先心病具有很大帮助。     

螺旋CT对正常成人心脏及大血管的测量(附110例报告)

目的:利用螺旋CT增强扫描测量正常成人心脏及大血管的内腔径线,提供判断心脏大血管病变时大小的参照。方法:随机检查110例无心脏大血管疾患者,男69例,女41例,平均年龄45.5岁;测量心脏横径、左右心房室、间隔、主动脉、肺动静脉、腔静脉及气管和主要分支,再利用SPSS统计学软件进行处理,得出正常值。结果:获得中国人螺旋CT正常心脏大血管各参数;在相近同层面,其间存在多重相关比例。结论:螺旋CT增强扫描对心血管病变的诊断具有重要临床意义。     

多层螺旋CT肺静脉开口径线测量分析

目的探讨正常成人肺静脉开口径线（pulmonary vein ostia,PVO）的测量方法,并获得我院POV径线值的95%参考值范围。方法 2005年6月2006年1月收集无明显心肺疾病的正常成人236例,对其进行多层螺旋CT扫描,利用斜冠面重建和三维标定的方法测量PVO径线。结果四条PVO径线的95%参考值范围如下：右上肺静脉长径线为男性1.49～2.63cm,女性1.31～2.37cm,短径线为男性0.87～2.05cm,女性0.91～1.81cm;右下肺静脉长径线为男性1.12～2.06cm,女性1.05～1.95cm,短径线为男性0.77～1.83cm,女性0.79～1.69cm;左上肺静脉长径线为男性1.18～2.20cm,女性1.09～2.11cm,短径线为男性0.82～1.72cm,女性为0.80～1.62cm;左下肺静脉长径线为男性0.96～1.98cm,女性1.03～1.81cm,短径线为男性0.56～1.26cm,女性0.51～1.33cm。除左下肺静脉短径男女差异无统计学意义外,其余径线值男性均大于女性。结论采用CT三维重建像改进测量方法测量PVO径线值既简便又准确。     

眼球结构的螺旋CT测量

目的 :利用螺旋CT图像测量建立本地成人眼球结构CT测量正常参考值。方法 :对 2 61例CT扫描原始或重建图像进行测量分析 ,测量指标包括眼球前后径、横径、前房轴深、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔径。用SPSS 11 0统计软件进行各测量指标不同性别 ,年龄组间比较及眼球前后径与前房轴深 ,晶体厚度 ,玻璃体腔径相关性分析。结果 :( 1)CT扫描图像能清晰显示眼球结构 ,边缘清晰。 ( 2 )除晶体厚度外 ,眼球各结构的CT测量值在不同年龄组中差异有显著性 ,男性眼球前后径 ,横径 ,前房轴深 ,玻璃体腔径值分别为 2 5 12± 0 83 ,2 5 2 5± 0 15 ,2 71± 0 5 1,15 77± 0 81;女性为 2 4 48± 0 79,2 4 5 4± 0 84,2 5 4± 0 45 ,15 0 9± 0 93。晶体厚度男女间差异无显著意义 ,但各年龄组间有差异。 70岁前晶体厚度随年龄增长而增厚。玻璃体腔径与眼轴长显著正相关。结论 :首次制定了本地人不同性别眼球各结构的CT测量正常参考值 ,并发现除晶体厚度外 ,眼球各径线测量值男性均大于女性。 70岁前晶体厚度随年龄增长而增厚     

长寿老人胸腰段椎体测量

目的 为长寿老人骨质疏松症的研究提供有价值的资料。方法 对56例90--102岁长寿老人第12胸椎和第1腰椎椎体前后缘及中部的高度，椎体中部前后径和T12、L1椎间盘的厚度进行测量，并就椎体变形情况进行观测分析。结果 上述观测指标男性大于女性(P＜0.05，P＜0．01)；椎体变形以楔状变形与鱼椎样变形共存(混合型)为主，共计69个(占61．6％)。结论 长寿老人骨质疏松症所致胸腰椎变形的发生率明显高于国内文献报道的老年人数据，其严重骨质疏松是在骨生理性老化的基础上多种因素共同作用的结果。     

超声生物显微镜成像对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠心脏功能的分析

目的本实验以载脂蛋白E基因敲除(Apo E-/-)小鼠为模型,利用超声生物显微镜(UBM)分析活体不同周龄Apo E-/-小鼠心脏形态和功能,探讨小鼠心脏UBM成像的应用价值。方法 4组不同周龄(8,16,24周和32周,每组8只)的雄性Apo E-/-小鼠为模型组,另4组与模型组同龄(每组8只)的雄性C57BL/6小鼠为正常对照组。采用UBM观察并分析小鼠心脏结构、心腔内血流,并对左心收缩及舒张功能进行评价。结果 UBM观察左心房、左心室、二尖瓣、主动脉及主动脉弓、室间隔、右心房、右心室、三尖瓣、肺动脉等结构进而测量其内径,并获得各瓣口的血流频谱。各切面心脏及大血管二维径线测值及各瓣口血流脉冲多普勒测值比较显示,各周龄组相关测量数据间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 UBM可很好地显示小鼠心脏及大血管,但目前的UBM观测指标难以反映Apo E-/-小鼠心脏形态结构和功能的改变。     

正常胎儿不同孕周房室腔及大血管参数的超声心动图检测

目的测定不同孕周胎儿房室腔正常值范围、大血管径线及血流速度,评价各孕周房室腔大小及血流速度与孕周的动态变化规律。方法 4139例中晚期孕妇根据不同孕周分为三组,A组:孕18~22周(91例);B组:孕23~28周(3315例);C组:孕29~40周(733例)。超声心动图扫查胎儿心脏,测量各相关参数,分析各参数与孕周的关系。结果各组间胎儿心脏房室腔、大血管径线正常值及胎儿心脏血流速度正常值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。主动脉、主肺动脉、右肺动脉、左肺动脉、动脉导管内径、动脉导管长度、左房长径、左房横径、右房长径、左房横径、左室长径、左室横径、右室长径、右室横径、卵圆孔内径、室间隔厚度、左室壁厚度、右室壁厚度、动脉导管收缩期流速与孕周均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论正常胎儿心脏发育各心腔及大血管的径线与孕周呈正相关,这可为胎儿心脏发育异常及胎儿先天性心脏病的超声诊断提供正常对照。     

成人脾脏大小的CT测量(100例分析)

对100例正常成人脾脏进行CT测量以建立CT轴面象上各径线值的正常标准。包括男性75例、女性25例，临床、CT、B超、实验室检查均无引起脾脏增大的病变。在轴面象上测出脾最大长径与宽径，按层面叠加法或直接在定位象上求出脾上下径，然后进行数据的统计学处理。从本组资料中，笔者得出轴面象上脾最大长径：男性为4.05～10.13cm，女性为3.45～10.97cm；宽径：男性为0.6～6.96cm，女性为1．15～6.83cm；上下径：男性为7.10～10.12，女性为4.83～11.85cm。各径线测量值无明显性别差异。     

超声生物显微镜成像对正常小鼠心血管的初步研究

目的探讨超声生物显微镜对小鼠心血管成像的方法及价值。方法选择8、16、24及32周龄C57BL／6健康成年雄性小鼠32只，每组各8只，采用Visualsonics公司Vevo770小动物超声成像系统，经胸骨左缘、心尖、胸骨右缘及胸骨上窝等扫查窗口，观察并分析小鼠心脏、大血管的结构及血流频谱，并对左心收缩及舒张功能进行评价。结果经上述扫查窗口，可获得左心室长轴、左心室短轴、升主动脉长轴、主动脉弓长轴、主动脉短轴、右心室流人道、肺动脉长轴等切面，仅心尖切面显示不满意。通过这些切面能清晰显示左心房、左心室、二尖瓣、主动脉及主动脉弓、室间隔、右心房、右心室、三尖瓣、肺动脉、无名动脉及左颈总动脉等结构，进而测量其内径，并可顺利获得各瓣口的血流频谱。各切面心脏及大血管二维径线测值及各瓣口血流脉冲多普勒测值比较显示，各周龄组相关测量数据间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论超声生物显微镜可很好地应用于小鼠心脏及大血管成像，采用适当的扫查窗口和切面可获得满意的图像。超声医师经过短期培训即可熟练掌握该技术，因而具有很好的应用前景。     

高原环境对移居大鼠子代主要脏器指数及心脏形态学的影响

目的探讨移居高原大鼠子代在高原环境中主要脏器发育状况,观察移居高原大鼠子代心脏组织形态学改变。方法将24只(18只雌鼠,6只雄鼠)8周龄wistar大鼠平均分为高原组和平原组,每组12只(9只雌鼠,3只雄鼠)按3:1雌雄比例合笼受孕,所有孕鼠均自然分娩。比较高原组和平原组子代大鼠出生后的第1天、第30天、第60天心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑的脏器指数,取心脏组织做HE染色检测病理学变化。结果高原组子代大鼠出生第1天体重低于平原组,分别为6.20±0.77g,6.60±0.90g(P<0.05)。第60天高原组子代大鼠心脏指数高于平原组,分别为0.76±0.11,0.61±0.01(P<0.05)。高原组子代大鼠心肌组织HE染色可见心肌间质内有炎性细胞浸润,心肌细胞结构破坏,胞核消失,胞质溶解,均质红染,部分心肌纤维呈不规则断裂,出现大小不等的空泡,心肌间隙扩大,小动脉玻璃样变。结论高原环境对移居孕鼠子代心脏的发育有影响,心肌组织病理改变明显,可能与高原低压、低氧有关。     

江西省高级公务员代谢综合征的调查分析

目的探讨江西省高级公务员代谢综合征（MS）的患病情况和流行特点。方法1362例江西省保健体检中心体检和干部病房门诊就诊的高级公务员均接受身高、体质量、腰围、血压及体格检查,同时检测血脂、血糖等主要生化指标。结果男性高血压患病率显著高于女性（P〈0．01）。男性各年龄段MS患病率与女性比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。高血压、血脂异常、肥胖MS患病率均显著低于糖尿病（均P〈0．01）。结论江西省高级公务员MS患病率较高,及早控制血糖可能是减少MS的关键。     

清洁级Wistar大鼠血常规及生化指标正常值观察

建立清洁级W istar大鼠的血液常规、生化正常值,为药物毒理学评价提供参考。采用实验室评价方法,对10~12周清洁级W istar大鼠进行了观测。结果,经对220只大鼠(雌雄各半)检测证明,动物血清生化指标中,除血清总胆固醇之外,其它指标在雌雄动物之间均存在差异。雄性大鼠血液白细胞、血清谷丙转氨酶比雌性大鼠明显偏高(P<0.01);雌性大鼠血清肌酐和总蛋白比雄性大鼠明显偏高(P<0.01)。结论,本研究结果在雌雄大鼠之间血清生化指标多数存在差异,血液学指标受动物性别、年龄及检测方法等因素的影响。     

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其比值检测在中老年冠心病患者诊断和临床治疗中的意义

目的 探讨血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、LDL-C/HDL-C检测在中老年冠心病(CHD)患者中的意义.方法 分析经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠状动脉粥样硬化(药物治疗组)83例、CHD(支架植入组)163例及冠状动脉造影阴性(对照组)44例中老年病例的血清HDL-C、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C比值与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系.并比较各组间男女血脂水平的差异.结果 药物治疗组、支架植入组与对照组总胆固醇(T()、LDL-C、LDL C/HDL-C比值水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01).支架植入组TC、LDL-C、TC/HDLC比值水平明显高于药物治疗组及对照组(P＜0.05或＜0.01).支架植入组HDL-C显著低于药物治疗组及对照组(P＜0.05).药物治疗组女性HDL-C水平高于男性(P＜0.05),但女性TC/H DL-C比值、LDL-C/HDL-C比值低于男性(P ＜0.05).支架植入组女性TC和HDL-C高于男性(P＜0.05).对照组女性TC、HDL-C高于男性(P＜0.05),但女性TG/HDL C、LDLC/HDL-C低于男性(P＜0.05).结论 血清HDL-C、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C比值与冠状动脉病变相关,对中老年CHD患者的诊断及临床治疗有使用价值.     

Does smoking affect blood pressure and heart rate?

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular, coronary artery and thromboembolic disorders. There is overwhelming evidence supporting the association of cigarette smoking and the development of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events particularly in high risk populations. AIM: The aim of this investigation was to explore the correlation of smoking habit with blood pressure and heart rate values through a randomized cross-sectional epidemiological study in Jordan. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was performed during the period of February-June 2004. The sample of this investigation included healthy adult males and females from various regions of Jordan. Most of the selected sample included Jordanian university students. Patients with hypertension or cardiovascular disorders were excluded. METHODS: Selected individuals of the sample were interviewed by well-trained senior pharmacy students. They were asked initially if they have hypertension or other cardiovascular disorders and if the answer was negative, further questions were asked followed by measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate. Demographic data such as age, sex, nationality, place of residence, occupation and level of education were also recorded. Smokers (for > or =6 months) were asked to report how many cigarettes per day they smoke. For each individual of the sample, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate were measured three times with 10-15 min intervals in the sitting position and at the resting state. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) was calculated from the measured SBP and DBP. The mean values were distributed according to sex and smoking habit. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The student unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results were considered statistically significant when the p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 14,310 adult males (7400) and females (6910) were selected in various regions of Jordan. The frequencies of smokers and non-smokers in the sample were 3832 (26.8%) and 10478 (73.2%), respectively. Smoker males and females had significantly higher SBP, DBP, ABP values than non-smokers. However, smoking had statistically non-significant effects on heart rate in females while heart rate values were significantly higher in male smokers than in non-smokers. Smoker or non-smoker adults with a positive family history of hypertension had significantly higher blood pressure and heart rate values than those with a negative family history of hypertension. In conclusion, smokers have higher blood pressure than non-smokers.     

桂西地区中老年人骨密度调查分析

目的：探讨桂西地区中老年人骨密度（BMD及骨质疏松（OP）的变化规律。方法：采用单光子吸收仪（SPA）测定桂西地区415例中老年人的骨密度，同时用化学发光仪测定女性血雌二醇（E2）和男性血睾酮（T）浓度。结果：随着年龄增加BMD、T、E2逐渐下降。同龄男性BMD大于女性。OP随着年龄增加而逐渐上升，女性更为明显。女性50岁以后OP的发病率为51．78％，男性发病率为36．13％。结论：桂西地区50岁左右女性和男性应预防骨质疏松的发生。     

东莞市厚街镇健康体检者高尿酸血症发生情况及危险因素分析

目的了解东莞市厚街镇健康体检者血清尿酸(SUA)水平、高尿酸血症(HUA)发生率及其危险因素,为防治HUA提供参考。方法对2018年9月至2019年12月该院2645例健康体检者的生化指标进行统计分析。根据SUA水平将所有研究对象分为HUA组与非HUA组,比较两组各项生化指标水平。结果2645例健康体检者SUA水平为(368±97)μmol/L,HUA发生率为32.36%(856/2645),男性SUA水平及HUA发生率均明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。≥60岁男性、女性HUA发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.198),其余各年龄段不同性别健康体检者间SUA水平和HUA发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。HUA组与非HUA组的肌酐(Crea)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Crea、TG、LDL-C是HUA的危险因素,HDL-C则是HUA的保护因素。结论厚街镇健康体检者的HUA发生率较高,尤其是男性和≥60岁的女性,Crea、TG、LDL-C是HUA的危险因素,HDL-C则是HUA的保护因素。     

升主动脉No—touch技术在冠心病手术中的应用

目的探讨和评价升主动脉不接触技术（No—touch）在冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用。方法回顾5例合并升主动脉粥样硬化冠心病患者的临床资料,男3例,女2例,年龄68--76岁,平均70．2岁。5例均采用常规胸骨正中切口行非体外循环下冠脉搭桥（OPCABG）。2例行双侧乳内动脉原位移植,3例以左乳内动脉为唯一的供血来源,大隐静脉近端与左乳内动脉端侧吻合。所有患者未在升主动脉上进行任何操作。结果5例患者共移植血管13支,全组手术均顺利完成,痊愈出院,无院内死亡。手术后所有忠者心绞痛均消失,心功能改善I～II级。无围术期心肌梗死和神经系统并发症发生。结论对合并升主动脉粥样硬化的冠心病患者,采用OPCABG结合升主动脉不接触（No—touch）技术,可使病变冠脉完全再血管化,降低术后脑卒中的发生率,临床效果满意。     

Factors affecting the longevity of total Japanese population

To clarify the relative importance of social life factors in longevity by age and sex, the authors analyzed the effects of 8 social life factors on life expectancy at birth and at ages 20, 40 and 65 years for males and females in 46 Japanese prefectures. The analysis was conducted twice at five-year intervals during the period of rapid urbanization using stepwise regression analysis after classification of twenty-two variables by factor analysis. The results indicated that urban residence was the major factor for life expectancy at birth for males and females and at ages 20 and 40 years for males; whereas proportions of old and young persons in the population were essential factors for life expectancy at age 40 years for females and at age 65 years for males and females. In addition, in males, proportions of old and young persons in the population also positively affected life expectancy at birth and at age 20 years; employment and high income factor positively affected life expectancy at birth and at ages 20 and 40 years. Unique position of Japan in comparison with Western countries regarding social life factors for longevity is discussed in the light of these findings.     

A multicentre study of abdominal aorta diameters in a Turkish population

The aim of this study was to determine the normal values for aortic diameters and the prevalence of aortic dilatation in a mixed Turkish population. Between March 1998 and May 2000, patients who were undergoing abdominal ultrasonography examination for pathologies not involving the aorta, in three different cities, were enrolled into the study prospectively. The anterior posterior aortic diameters were measured at the subdiaphragmatic and aortic bifurcation levels using ultrasonography. A total of 596 patients were included (302 females, 294 males). The mean age was 48 +/- 16 years (range, 6-88 years). The mean aortic diameter in the whole group was 19.0 +/- 3.9 mm (10-45 mm) at the subdiaphragmatic level and 15.7 +/- 3.6 mm (9-65 mm) at the aortic bifurcation level. The mean subdiaphragmatic aortic diameter was 18 +/- 3 mm in females and 19 +/- 4 mm in males. The mean aortic diameters at the bifurcation level was 15 +/- 3 mm in females and 16 +/- 4 mm in males. An aortic bifurcation diameter > 30 mm was encountered in 0.67% of the population. This ratio increased to 1.8% in patients over 55 years of age, regardless of sex. A subdiaphragmatic aorta diameter above 30 mm was observed in 1.2% of the population. In patients over the age of 55 years, this ratio increased to 2.7% (3.6% in males and 1.9% in females). In this national study, the subdiaphragmatic aortic diameters were similar to mean values reported in the world literature. The mean aortic bifurcation diameters were generally lower when compared with the literature, which may be due to difficulties in standardization of the measurements. Aneurysmal dilatation rates in this study also conform to those reported in studies conducted in other countries. Considering the significant number of patients with aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta in the elderly population, we believe it would be prudent to evaluate the aorta in all patients undergoing abdominal ultrasonographic examination.