腮腺癌术后高危复发区放疗的不同治疗计划剂量学比较

目的 探讨腮腺癌术后高危复发区用何种照射方法可以更有效的使靶区剂量均匀及更好的保护危及器官.方法 对8例腮腺癌术后患者设计治疗计划,处方剂量为95%计划靶区(PTV)60 Gy/30次.对常规放疗、二维适形放疗(2D-CRT)、三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)和调强放疗(IMRT)等放射治疗技术的腮腺癌术后靶区进行放疗计划设计,分析比较各种治疗计划靶区适形度和在保护危及器官等方面的优劣.结果 在2D-CRT时,以计算点深度取3.5 cm,电子线能量采取12 MeV及X射线/电子射线(X/E)剂量比为1∶2时靶区的适形度和均匀度较好,危及器官的受量较低.与2D-CRT比较,常规放疗照射野能够较好地包括CT断层图像上勾画的靶区.与2D-CRT及3D-CRT相比,IMRT计划有最好的靶区适形度及均匀度,同时对危及器官有较好的保护作用.结论 X射线与电子线混合线束照射时,剂量计算点深度取3.5 cm左右、电子线能量采取12 MeV及X/E剂量比为1∶2时,靶区的适形度和均匀度较好,对正常组织的保护较好,但具体患者最好用计划系统来选择以上指标.常规放疗按解剖标志确定的照射野能够较好地包括三维靶区.IMRT计划的靶区适形度及均匀度最好,并且危及器官受量较低,在腮腺癌术后放射治疗中IMRT技术是值得推广并普及的放射治疗技术.     

Single-arc volumetric-modulated arc therapy (sVMAT) as adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer: Dosimetric comparisons with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)

To compare the dosimetric differences between the single-arc volumetric-modulated arc therapy (sVMAT), 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques in treatment planning for gastric cancer as adjuvant radiotherapy. Twelve patients were retrospectively analyzed. In each patient's case, the parameters were compared based on the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the sVMAT, 3D-CRT, and IMRT plans, respectively. Three techniques showed similar target dose coverage. The maximum and mean doses of the target were significantly higher in the sVMAT plans than that in 3D-CRT plans and in the 3D-CRT/IMRT plans, respectively, but these differences were clinically acceptable. The IMRT and sVMAT plans successfully achieved better target dose conformity, reduced the V_20/30, and mean dose of the left kidney, as well as the V_20/30 of the liver, compared with the 3D-CRT plans. And the sVMAT technique reduced the V₂₀ of the liver much significantly. Although the maximum dose of the spinal cord were much higher in the IMRT and sVMAT plans, respectively (mean 36.4 vs 39.5 and 40.6 Gy), these data were still under the constraints. Not much difference was found in the analysis of the parameters of the right kidney, intestine, and heart. The IMRT and sVMAT plans achieved similar dose distribution to the target, but superior to the 3D-CRT plans, in adjuvant radiotherapy for gastric cancer. The sVMAT technique improved the dose sparings of the left kidney and liver, compared with the 3D-CRT technique, but showed few dosimetric advantages over the IMRT technique. Studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical benefits of the VMAT treatment for patients with gastric cancer after surgery in the future.     

High-dose radiotherapy in inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer: Comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy,dynamic IMRT and 3D conformal radiotherapy

Conformal 3D radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with chemotherapy for inoperable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to the preferable high dose is often not achievable because of dose-limiting organs. This reduces the probability of regional tumor control. Therefore, the surplus value of using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques, specifically volumetric modulated arc therapy (RapidArc [RA]) and dynamic IMRT (d-IMRT) has been investigated. RA and d-IMRT plans were compared with 3D-CRT treatment plans for 20 patients eligible for concurrent high-dose chemoradiotherapy, in whom a dose of 60 Gy was not achievable. Comparison of dose delivery in the target volume and organs at risk was carried out by evaluating 3D dose distributions and dose-volume histograms. Quality of the dose distribution was assessed using the inhomogeneity and conformity index. For most patients, a higher dose to the target volume can be delivered using RA or d-IMRT; in 15% of the patients a dose ≥60 Gy was possible. Both IMRT techniques result in a better conformity of the dose (p < 0.001). There are no significant differences in homogeneity of dose in the target volume. IMRT techniques for NSCLC patients allow higher dose to the target volume, thus improving regional tumor control.     

Pelvic Ewing sarcomas

Purpose

The goal of the present work was to assess the potential advantage of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) over three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) planning in pelvic Ewing’s sarcoma.

Patients and methods

A total of 8 patients with Ewing sarcoma of the pelvis undergoing radiotherapy were analyzed. Plans for 3D-CRT and IMRT were calculated for each patient. Dose coverage of the planning target volume (PTV), conformity and homogeneity indices, as well as further parameters were evaluated.

Results

The average dose coverage values for PTV were comparable in 3D-CRT and IMRT plans. Both techniques had a PTV coverage of V₉₅ >?98?% in all patients. Whereas the IMRT plans achieved a higher conformity index compared to the 3D-CRT plans (conformity index 0.79?±?0.12 vs. 0.54?±?0.19, p?=?0.012), the dose distribution across the target volumes was less homogeneous with IMRT planning than with 3D-CRT planning. This difference was statistically significant (homogeneity index 0.11?±?0.03 vs. 0.07?±?0.0, p?=?0.035). For the bowel, D_mean and D_1%, as well as V₂ to V₆₀ were reduced in IMRT plans. For the bladder and the rectum, there was no significant difference in D_mean. However, the percentages of volumes receiving at least doses of 30, 40, 45, and 50 Gy (V₃₀ to V₅₀) were lower for the rectum in IMRT plans. The volume of normal tissue receiving at least 2 Gy (V₂) was significantly higher in IMRT plans compared with 3D-CRT, whereas at high dose levels (V₃₀) it was significantly lower.

Conclusion

Compared to 3D-CRT, IMRT showed significantly better results regarding dose conformity (p?=?0.012) and bowel sparing at dose levels above 30 Gy (p?=?0.012). Thus, dose escalation in the radiotherapy of pelvic Ewing’s sarcoma can be more easily achieved using IMRT.     

三维适形、逆向调强和旋转调强放疗技术治疗胸段食管癌的剂量学比较

目的 比较胸段食管癌3种放疗技术( 3D-CRT、IMRT、RapidArc)的剂量学特点,并分析3种技术的优劣及应用特点.方法 15例胸段食管癌患者入组,依据CT图像,勾画靶区,针对患者的同一套CT图像的相同靶区分别制定3D-CRT、5野IMRT(IMRT5)、7野IMRT( IMRT7)、9野IMRT(IMRT9)、单弧Arc( Arc1)、双弧Arc( Arc2)共6套计划.PTV处方剂量为40 Gy分20次4周+19.6 Gy分14次7d.结果 3D-CRT计划各项靶区剂量学参数明显差于IMRT计划及RapidArc计划(t=5.77、3.52,P＜0.05),6套计划的PTV V95(％)分别为:3D-CRT (91.55 ±2.90),IMRT5(96.66±1.05),IMRT7 (96.87±1.23),IMRT (96.81±1.16),Arcl (94.98±1.41),Arc2 (95.93±1.32).RapidArc计划的靶区适形度(CI)最好(t=3.76,10.01,P＜0.05),IMRT计划的靶区均匀性(HI)最好(t =3.93、3.37,P＜0.05).危及器官参数RapidArc与IMRT各计划之间差异无统计学意义.3D-CRT和RapidArc计划的机器跳数明显少于IMRT计划,差异高达75％.结论 对于胸段食管癌患者,采用IMRT或RapidArc技术可以在保护正常组织的同时,涵盖临床必需的治疗靶区.3D-CRT计划对降低正常组织低剂量散射区方面优势明显.RapidArc计划靶区剂量学参数与IMRT计划比较未见明显优势.     

三维适形、逆向调强及旋转调强放疗技术对部分乳腺外照射的剂量学比较

目的 比较三维适形(3 D-CRT)、逆向调强(IMRT)及旋转调强(V-MAT)3种部分乳腺外照射(EB-PBI)治疗计划的剂量学差异.方法 选择定位影像资料完整的12例保乳术后行EB-PBI患者,每例患者分别设计3D-CRT、IMRT、V-MAT 3种治疗计划,比较3种计划的靶区剂量分布、危及器官受照剂量及所需机器跳数(MU)和治疗时间.结果 3D-CRT计划的靶区适形度最差,V-MAT计划的处方剂量靶区覆盖率及靶区剂量均匀性最差.3D-CRT计划中患侧肺V5、V10和平均剂量低,而患侧肺V30高;计划间患侧肺V20差异无统计学意义;V-MAT计划中15、20和25 Gy剂量包绕的同侧正常乳腺体积少;对于心脏V5、平均剂量及最大剂量、对侧肺平均剂量、甲状腺平均和最大剂量,IMRT＞ V-MAT＞ 3D-CRT,计划间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(z=-2.94 ～ -2.09,P＜0.05).3D-CRT、IMRT和V-MAT计划所需MU值分别为417.6 ±34.4、772.8±54.4和631.0±109.0,计划间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(z=-2.93、-2.76、-2.93,P＜0.05);V-MAT计划施照时间短.结论 对于部分乳腺癌的放射治疗,旋转调强计划在降低患侧靶区外正常乳腺组织受照射剂量和减少治疗时间方面优势比较明显.     

直肠癌术前放疗中三维适形放疗与调强适形放疗的剂量学比较分析

目的 比较三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)与5野、7野调强适形放疗(IMRT)的剂量分布,以探讨IMRT对直肠癌术前放疗的价值。方法 对10例术前新辅助放化疗直肠癌患者,分别设计3D- CRT、5野IMRT、7野IMRT计划,应用剂量体积直方图(DVH),比较3种治疗计划的靶区适形度指数(CI)、不均匀性指数(HI)和正常器官受量。结果 适形度指数(CI)7野IMRT计划＞5野IMRT＞3D- CRT,不均匀性指数(HI)5野IMRT计划＞7野IMRT＞3D- CRT。5野、7野IMRT计划比3D- CRT均可以减少高剂量照射小肠、膀胱、股骨头体积,7野IMRT计划比5野可以减少高剂量照射的骨髓和膀胱的体积。结论 直肠癌术前放疗中IMRT计划在靶区剂量适形度方面均优于3D- CRT计划,对正常组织的保护也存在明显的优势。7野IMRT计划较5野IMRT计划技术有更好的剂量适形度与剂量均匀性。     

Volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy for pancreatic malignancies: Dosimetric comparison with sliding-window intensity-modulated radiotherapy and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy

Volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) is an iteration of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), both of which deliver highly conformal dose distributions. Studies have shown the superiority of VMAT and IMRT in comparison with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in planning target volume (PTV) coverage and organs-at-risk (OARs) sparing. This is the first study examining the benefits of VMAT in pancreatic cancer for doses more than 55.8 Gy. A planning study comparing 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT was performed in 20 patients with pancreatic cancer. Treatments were planned for a 25-fraction delivery of 45 Gy to a large field followed by a reduced-volume 8-fraction external beam boost to 59.4 Gy in total. OARs and PTV doses, conformality index (CI) deviations from 1.0, monitor units (MUs) delivered, and isodose volumes were compared. IMRT and VMAT CI deviations from 1.0 for the large-field and the boost plans were equivalent (large field: 0.032 and 0.046, respectively; boost: 0.042 and 0.037, respectively; p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Both IMRT and VMAT CI deviations from 1.0 were statistically superior to 3D-CRT (large field: 0.217, boost: 0.177; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). VMAT showed reduction of the mean dose to the boost PTV (VMAT: 61.4 Gy, IMRT: 62.4 Gy, and 3D-CRT: 62.3 Gy; p < 0.05). The mean number of MUs per fraction was significantly lower for VMAT for both the large-field and the boost plans. VMAT delivery time was less than 3 minutes compared with 8 minutes for IMRT. Although no statistically significant dose reduction to the OARs was identified when comparing VMAT with IMRT, VMAT showed a reduction in the volumes of the 100% isodose line for the large-field plans. Dose escalation to 59.4 Gy in pancreatic cancer is dosimetrically feasible with shorter treatment times, fewer MUs delivered, and comparable CIs for VMAT when compared with IMRT.     

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for a prostate patient with a metal prosthesis

When treating prostate patients having a metallic prosthesis with radiation, a 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) treatment plan is commonly created using only those fields that avoid the prosthesis in the beam’s-eye view (BEV). With a limited number of portals, the resulting plan may compromise the dose sparing of the rectum and bladder. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to treat prostate patients having a metallic prosthesis. Three patients, each with a single metallic prosthesis, who were previously treated at the University of Chicago Medical Center for prostate cancer, were selected for this study. Clinical target volumes (CTV = prostate + seminal vesicles), bladder, and rectum volumes were identified on CT slices. Planning target volumes (PTV) were generated in 3D by a 1-cm expansion of the CTVs. For these comparative studies, treatment plans were generated from CT data using 3DCRT and IMRT treatment planning systems. The IMRT plans used 9 equally-spaced 6-MV coplanar fields, with each field avoiding the prosthesis. The 3DCRT plans used 5 coplanar 18-MV fields, with each field avoiding the prosthesis. A 1-cm margin around the PTV was used for the blocks. Each of the 9-field IMRT plans spared the bladder and rectum better than the corresponding 3DCRT plan. In the IMRT, plans, a bladder volume receiving 80% or greater dose decreased by 20–77 cc, and a volume rectal volume receiving 80% or greater dose decreased by 24–40 cc. One negative feature of the IMRT plans was the homogeneity across the target, which ranged from 95% to 115%.     

A comparison of conventional, conformal and intensity-modulated coplanar radiotherapy plans for posterior fossa treatment

Radiotherapy of the posterior fossa for medulloblastoma treatment can induce ototoxicity, especially when combined with cisplatin chemotherapy. Sensorineural hearing loss can be severe enough to cause permanent disability, which may compromise cognitive development in paediatric patients. This study evaluates the sparing of the cochlea in conventional radiotherapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). CT scans of three patients were used to plan posterior fossa radiotherapy using coplanar beam arrangements. The posterior fossa and the cochlea were contoured as well as other organs-at-risk (non-posterior fossa brain, lenses, optic nerves, pituitary and cervical spinal cord). Three treatment plans were compared: conventional two-dimensional treatment (parallel-opposed lateral pair); 3D-CRT (two wedged posterior oblique fields); and a four-field coplanar IMRT plan. 3D-CRT and IMRT reduced cochlear doses to less than 70% of the mean target dose. These plans also reduced dose to the non-posterior fossa brain and cervical spinal cord. IMRT showed no advantage over 3D-CRT in sparing the optic nerves and lenses, compared with 3D-CRT. Normal tissue doses were higher in both conformal techniques than in the IMRT plans. Conformal techniques reduced the dose to the cochlea, non-posterior fossa brain and cervical spinal cord. The small size and proximity to the planning target volume (PTV) of the cochlea limited the effectiveness of the IMRT plan. Coplanar 3D-CRT was judged superior to coplanar IMRT, particularly in children, because it achieved adequate sparing of the cochlea and anterior cranial structures, such as the lenses and optic nerves, without compromising the dose to the posterior fossa.     

An in silico comparative dosimetric study of postmastectomy locoregional irradiation using intensity-modulated vs 3-dimensional conventional radiotherapy

An in silico dosimetric evaluation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) vs 3-dimensional conventional radiation therapy (3D-CRT) treatment plans in postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) to the chest wall and regional lymphatics was conducted. Twenty-five consecutive patients with breast cancer referred for locoregional PMRT, stages T_2-4 with N_1-3, were planned to receive 50?Gy in 25 fractions with IMRT. Additionally, a 3D-CRT plan was generated using identical contours for the clinical target volumes (CTV), planning target volumes (PTV), and organs at risk (OAR). Treatment plans were assessed using dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters of D₉₈, D₉₅, D₅₀, D₂, and homogeneity index for individual CTVs and PTVs. OARs evaluated were ipsilateral and contralateral lungs, heart, spinal cord, and opposite breast. Most DVH parameters pertaining to CTVs and PTVs significantly favored IMRT. V₂₀ for ipsilateral and contralateral lungs, D₃₃ of heart and maximum dose to spinal cord favored IMRT (all p?<?0.001). The mean dose to the opposite breast was significantly lesser with 3D-CRT (5.8?±?1.8?Gy vs 2.0?±?1.0?Gy, p?<?0.001). Thus, except for the mean dose to the opposite breast, the compliance to DVH constraints applied to PTV and OARs were significantly better with IMRT. At a median follow-up of 76 months (7-91), none had locoregional failure or pulmonary or cardiac morbidity. For PMRT, requiring comprehensive irradiation to both chest wall and regional lymphatics, IMRT offers superior dosimetric advantages over 3D-CRT. This was also corroborated by long-term outcomes in these patients treated with IMRT.     

Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

A treatment planning study was performed to evaluate the performance of volumetric arc modulation with RapidArc (RA) against 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and conventional intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques for esophageal cancer. Computed tomgraphy scans of 10 patients were included in the study. 3D-CRT, 4-field IMRT, and single-arc and double-arc RA plans were generated with the aim to spare organs at risk (OAR) and healthy tissue while enforcing highly conformal target coverage. The planning objective was to deliver 54 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) in 30 fractions. Plans were evaluated based on target conformity and dose-volume histograms of organs at risk (lung, spinal cord, and heart). The monitor unit (MU) and treatment delivery time were also evaluated to measure the treatment efficiency. The IMRT plan improves target conformity and spares OAR when compared with 3D-CRT. Target conformity improved with RA plans compared with IMRT. The mean lung dose was similar in all techniques. However, RA plans showed a reduction in the volume of the lung irradiated at V_20Gy and V_30Gy dose levels (range, 4.62–17.98%) compared with IMRT plans. The mean dose and D_35% of heart for the RA plans were better than the IMRT by 0.5–5.8%. Mean V_10Gy and integral dose to healthy tissue were almost similar in all techniques. But RA plans resulted in a reduced low-level dose bath (15–20 Gy) in the range of 14–16% compared with IMRT plans. The average MU needed to deliver the prescribed dose by RA technique was reduced by 20–25% compared with IMRT technique. The preliminary study on RA for esophageal cancers showed improvements in sparing OAR and healthy tissue with reduced beam-on time, whereas only double-arc RA offered improved target coverage compared with IMRT and 3D-CRT plans.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy with hybrid technique

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Hybrid technique which was created by combining of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. 7 to 9 field IMRT, triple arc VMAT, and Hybrid plans were generated for 10 advanced stage NPC patients. The homogeneity index (HI) and the conformity index (CI) of planning target volumes (PTVs) were calculated for each technique to evaluate the plan quality. The techniques were compared in terms of plan quality, sparing of organs at risk (OARs), monitor units (MUs), and delivery time. Hybrid technique significantly improved the target dose homogeneity and the conformity for PTV70 and PTV60 compared to IMRT and VMAT. Hybrid plans significantly reduced the maximum dose of the brainstem sparing compared to the VMAT plans and also improved the sparing of spinal cord compared to IMRT and VMAT. The MUs and the delivery time of Hybrid plans were found to be between values for IMRT and VMAT plans. Hybrid technique can be useful when IMRT and VMAT techniques are not adequate alone in the treatment of NPC patients.     

脑胶质瘤三维适形放射治疗与调强放射治疗的剂量学比较

目的 评价脑胶质瘤调强放射治疗较三维适形放射治疗的剂量学优势。方法 本研究采用10例脑胶质瘤患者,针对所有患者分别进行3D CRT和IMRT的计划设计,利用剂量体积直方图评价不同照射技术中靶区和正常组织照射剂量、适形度指数和不均匀性指数。处方剂量为60 Gy。结果 IMRT计划脑干最大剂量和受照体积、患侧腮腺平均剂量和脊髓最大剂量均低于3D CRT计划。对于靶区适形度指数,IMRT计划优于3D CRT计划;对于不均匀性指数,两种计划模式的差异没有统计学意义。结论 在脑胶质瘤放疗中应用 IMRT可以明显降低脑干的剂量和受照体积,为靶区剂量的提高提供了可能性。     

三维适形与简化调强放疗技术在非小细胞肺癌放疗中的剂量学比较

目的 用剂量学方法比较三维适形(3D-CRT)和简化调强放疗(sIMRT)技术用于治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的差异.方法 选择接受放疗的10例NSCLC患者进行研究.对每例患者进行3D-CRT和sIMRT的治疗计划设计,处方剂量为60 Gy(2 Gy/次),所有计划都使95%靶区体积达到处方剂量要求.并用ADAC Pinnacle3计划系统提供的卷积或迭加算法对两种放疗技术的治疗计划进行剂量计算,比较靶区剂量分布均匀性和适形性,以及危及正常组织剂量体积直方图参数.结果 3D-CRT与sIMRT放疗计划的等剂量线和DVH相近,sIMRT计划的靶区剂量均匀性和适形性略优于3D-CRT计划,sIMRT放疗计划中肺的平均剂量、V5、V10、V20别比3D-CRT降低14.81%、17.88%、19.15%、27.78%,而食管、心脏、脊髓等危及器官的受量基本相同.结论 对于NSCLC,sIMRT放疗技术在某些方面具有3D-CRT无法替代的优势,值得在临床推广应用.     

三维适形与简化调强放疗技术在非小细胞肺癌放疗中的剂量学比较

目的 用剂量学方法比较三维适形(3D-CRT)和简化调强放疗(sIMRT)技术用于治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的差异.方法 选择接受放疗的10例NSCLC患者进行研究.对每例患者进行3D-CRT和sIMRT的治疗计划设计,处方剂量为60 Gy(2 Gy/次),所有计划都使95%靶区体积达到处方剂量要求.并用ADAC Pinnacle3计划系统提供的卷积或迭加算法对两种放疗技术的治疗计划进行剂量计算,比较靶区剂量分布均匀性和适形性,以及危及正常组织剂量体积直方图参数.结果 3D-CRT与sIMRT放疗计划的等剂量线和DVH相近,sIMRT计划的靶区剂量均匀性和适形性略优于3D-CRT计划,sIMRT放疗计划中肺的平均剂量、V5、V10、V20别比3D-CRT降低14.81%、17.88%、19.15%、27.78%,而食管、心脏、脊髓等危及器官的受量基本相同.结论 对于NSCLC,sIMRT放疗技术在某些方面具有3D-CRT无法替代的优势,值得在临床推广应用.     

Postoperative Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

PURPOSE: To determine the extent of target motion in postprostatectomy radiotherapy (RT) and the value of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) compared to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 20 patients underwent CT scans in supine position with both a full bladder (FB) and an empty bladder (EB) before RT and at three dates during the RT series. Displacements of the CTV (clinical target volume) center of mass and the posterior border were determined. 3D-CRT and IMRT treatment plans were compared regarding homogeneity, conformity, and dose to organs at risk. RESULTS: In the superior-inferior direction, larger displacements were found for EB compared to FB scans; anterior-posterior and right-left displacements were similar. With an initial rectum volume of < 115 cm(3), 90% of displacements at the posterior border were within a margin of 6 mm. The non-target volume irradiated in the high-dose area doubled in 3D-CRT versus IMRT plans (80 cm(3) vs. 38 cm(3) encompassed by the 95% isodose). Bladder dose was significantly lower with IMRT, but no advantage was found for the integral rectal dose. An adequate bladder filling was paramount to reduce the dose to the bladder. CONCLUSION: Postprostatectomy RT can be recommended with FB due to an improved CTV position consistency and a lower dose to the bladder. With improved non-target tissue and bladder volume sparing, IMRT is an option for dose escalation. However, this analysis did not find an advantage concerning the integral rectal dose with IMRT versus 3D-CRT.     

三维适形与简化调强放疗技术在非小细胞肺癌放疗中的剂量学比较

目的 用剂量学方法比较三维适形(3D-CRT)和简化调强放疗(sIMRT)技术用于治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的差异.方法 选择接受放疗的10例NSCLC患者进行研究.对每例患者进行3D-CRT和sIMRT的治疗计划设计,处方剂量为60 Gy(2 Gy/次),所有计划都使95%靶区体积达到处方剂量要求.并用ADAC Pinnacle3计划系统提供的卷积或迭加算法对两种放疗技术的治疗计划进行剂量计算,比较靶区剂量分布均匀性和适形性,以及危及正常组织剂量体积直方图参数.结果 3D-CRT与sIMRT放疗计划的等剂量线和DVH相近,sIMRT计划的靶区剂量均匀性和适形性略优于3D-CRT计划,sIMRT放疗计划中肺的平均剂量、V5、V10、V20别比3D-CRT降低14.81%、17.88%、19.15%、27.78%,而食管、心脏、脊髓等危及器官的受量基本相同.结论 对于NSCLC,sIMRT放疗技术在某些方面具有3D-CRT无法替代的优势,值得在临床推广应用.