流式细胞仪快速优化大鼠原代培养肝细胞基因转染

【目的】用流式细胞仪(FCM)快速检测外源性血管内皮生长因子基因(VEGF基因)在大鼠原代培养肝细胞转染表达，根据结果优化其转染表达条件。【方法】以加强型黄色荧光素蛋白(EYFP)为标记，用FCM快速检测重组质粒pIRES-EYFP／VEGF121在大鼠原代培养肝细胞中转染表达，根据结果优化pIRES-EYFP／VEGF121转染表达条件。【结果】pIRES-EYFP／VEGF121得以成功构建，并转染大鼠原代培养肝细胞；优化的转染表达条件：在细胞数密度O．1xl0^6／mL，质粒孵育时间30min，质粒与脂质体混合物孵育时间15min，质粒与脂质体比例为1：1O，转染时间2h，NAIR-1作转染培养液时，转染效率达17．5％。【结论】以EYFP为标记，FCM可简便快捷地检测并优化外源性VEGF基因在大鼠原代培养肝细胞转染表达，可为研究VEGF基因修饰大鼠原代培养肝细胞移植和肝基因治疗打基础。     

加强型黄色荧光蛋白和VEGF双基因载体在肝细胞共转染表达

目的 构建带加强型黄色荧光素蛋白（VYFP）和人类血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的双基因真核表达载体pIRES-EYFP/VEGF12,etEYFP作标记基因，研究外源性VEGF121基因在大鼠原代培养肝细胞转染表达，为实时监测VEGF121基因修饰肝组织移植后状态提供基础。方法 将pcDNA3VEGF121中VEGF121定向克隆到pIRES－EYFP，构建重组质粒pIRES－EYFP／VEGF121，经酶切、PCR扩增和部分DNA序列分析证实后，转染大鼠原代培养肝细胞，用荧光显微镜等观察转染表达。结果 酶切、PCR扩增和部分DNA序列分析等证明pIRES－EYFP／VEGF121质粒成功构建，转染大鼠原代培养肝细胞后，可以通过荧光显微镜观察到黄绿色荧光。结论 构建了pIRES－EYFP／VEGF121质粒，为实时监测外源性VEGF121基因转染和VEGF基因修饰肝细胞的基因治疗奠定基础。     

加强型黄色荧光蛋白和VEGF双基因载体在肝细胞共转染表达

【目的】构建携带加强型黄色荧光素蛋白 (EYFP)和人类血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的双基因真核表达载体pIRES EYFP/VEGF12 1,用EYFP作标记基因 ,研究外源性VEGF12 1基因在大鼠原代培养肝细胞转染表达 ,为实时监测VEGF12 1基因修饰肝细胞移植后状态提供基础。【方法】将 pcDNA3VEGF12 1中VEGF12 1定向克隆到 pIRES EYFP ,构建重组质粒 pIRES EYFP/VEGF12 1,经酶切、PCR扩增和部分DNA序列分析证实后 ,转染大鼠原代培养肝细胞 ,用荧光显微镜等观察转染表达。【结果】酶切、PCR扩增和部分DNA序列分析等证明pIRES EYFP/VEGF12 1质粒成功构建 ,转染大鼠原代培养肝细胞后 ,可以通过荧光显微镜观察到黄绿色荧光。【结论】构建了 pIRES EYFP/VEGF12 1质粒 ,为实时监测外源性VEGF12 1基因转染表达和VEGF基因修饰肝细胞的基因治疗奠定基础。     

血管内皮生长因子真核表达质粒在心肌细胞和神经细胞中的表达

目的:探讨pcD2/h VEGF121真核表达质粒对心肌细胞和神经细胞的转染及表达.方法:pcD2/h VEGF121真核表达质粒的构建,Lipofectin瞬时转染大鼠原代培养心肌细胞和人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY-5Y.采用RTPCR,ELISA等方法检测VEGF基因在心肌细胞和SH-SY-5Y细胞中的表达.MTT法检测转染后细胞上清中VEGF的生物学活性.结果:转染pcD2/h VEGF121真核表达质粒的心肌细胞和SH-SY-5Y细胞中VEGF mRNA水平明显升高,ELISA检测到VEGF蛋白表达水平也远高于转空载质粒和未转染对照组,并且转染的心肌细胞和神经细胞上清具有促进内皮细胞增殖的生物学活性.结论:pcD2/h VEGF121真核表达质粒能转染心肌细胞和神经组织来源的细胞系,并获得高水平的表达,而且表达出的VEGF蛋白具有生物学活性     

原代培养大鼠肝细胞的基因转染

目的：研究原代培养大鼠肝细胞的基因转染的方法．方法：采用胶原酶灌注法获取原代培养大鼠肝细胞．利用脂质体转染法将含有绿色荧光蛋白(GFF)和Neo基因的真核细胞表达载体(pEGFP-N3)转染原代培养大鼠肝细胞．用荧光显微镜观察和Neo基因原位杂交染色方法检测肝细胞内基因表达情况．结果：获取的原代大鼠肝细胞活细胞率达95％,荧光显微镜下观察可见转染基因的细胞可发出绿色荧光,原位杂交显示有Neo基因的表达．结论：pEGFP-N3基因可转入大鼠肝细胞并获得表达,可用于标记原代培养的大鼠肝细胞,有利于研究肝细胞移植后移植的肝细胞在体内的分布及功能．     

VEGF真核表达载体构建及其转染骨髓间充质干细胞的表达

目的 构建大鼠血管内皮细胞生长因子164（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF164）真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164,观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)转染pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164基因后,外源性基因VEGF在蛋白水平的表达,为其在治疗肺组织损伤中的应用奠定基础。方法 应用DNA重组技术构建VEGF164真核表达载体并鉴定。采用脂质体介导的转染方法将pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164转染大鼠MSCs,并设立空质粒对照组（转染pcDNA3.1空载体）、脂质体对照组,用细胞免疫组化和Western blot检测大鼠MSCs 中VEGF164蛋白的表达情况。结果 重组质粒pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164测序结果与基因库(GENEBANK)中序列一致。细胞免疫组化检测显示pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164转染组MSCs中可见散在黄色颗粒,而空质粒对照组和脂质体对照组均未见明显黄色颗粒出现。Western blot检测pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164转染MSCs 72h后, 细胞裂解产物中VEGF含量明显高于空质粒对照组和脂质体对照组。结论 成功构建了大鼠VEGF164真核表达载体,实现VEGF164基因在大鼠MSCs的成功转染,并有外源性基因及蛋白的表达,具有促进肺组织损伤修复的应用前景。     

VEGF真核表达载体构建及其转染骨髓间充质干细胞并鉴定

目的 构建大鼠血管内皮细胞生长因子164（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF164）真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164,观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)转染pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164基因后,外源性基因VEGF在蛋白水平的表达,为其在治疗肺组织损伤中的应用奠定基础。方法 应用DNA重组技术构建VEGF164真核表达载体并鉴定。采用脂质体介导的转染方法将pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164转染大鼠MSCs,并设立空质粒对照组（转染pcDNA3.1空载体）、脂质体对照组,用细胞免疫组化和Western blot检测大鼠MSCs 中VEGF164蛋白的表达情况。结果 重组质粒pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164测序结果与基因库(GENEBANK)中序列一致。细胞免疫组化检测显示pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164转染组MSCs中可见散在黄色颗粒,而空质粒对照组和脂质体对照组均未见明显黄色颗粒出现。Western blot检测pcDNA3.1(-)/VEGF164转染MSCs 72h后, 细胞裂解产物中VEGF含量明显高于空质粒对照组和脂质体对照组。结论 成功构建了大鼠VEGF164真核表达载体,实现VEGF164基因在大鼠MSCs的成功转染,并有外源性基因及蛋白的表达,具有促进肺组织损伤修复的应用前景。     

人类抗凋亡基因bcl-xL的克隆及其在大鼠心肌细胞内的高效表达

[目的]克隆人类抗凋亡基因bcl-xL cDNA,构建两种不同的真核表达载体,评价大鼠心肌细胞表达外源性bcl-xL的效果,并比较不同转染方法对bcl-xL表达的影响.[方法]]RT-PCR法从人肝脏组织获取bcl-xL cDNA,连接至pTargeTTM载体,并亚克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-C1上;细菌内同源重组构建重组腺病毒质粒,腺病毒纯化试剂盒获取高滴度的重组腺病毒;脂质体和腺病毒介导分别转染体外培养的大鼠心肌细胞,荧光显微镜观察转染效率,RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学染色法检测bcl-xL mRNA和bcl-xL蛋白的表达.[结果]获取的bcl-xL cDNA测序正确,成功克隆真核表达质粒pEGFP-bcl-xL;病毒颗粒滴度高达5.3×1012 pfu/L;脂质体和腺病毒转染心肌细胞效率分别为40.3%和95.4%,转染后bcl-xL mRNA和bcl-xL蛋白的表达均增加,但两种方法之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]成功获取人类bcl-xZ基因并制备真核表达质粒和重组腺病毒,心肌细胞能高效表达外源性bcl-xL,并以腺病毒介导更为理想.为bcl-xL基因治疗缺血性心脏病提供实验基础.     

重组人高密度脂蛋白B族I型清道夫受体基因腺相关病毒血清型2/1杂合载体在HepG2肝细胞的表达

[目的]构建含绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)重组人高密度脂蛋白B族Ⅰ型清道夫受体(SR-BI)基因腺相关病毒(rAAV)2/1杂合载体,观察其在HepG2肝细胞的表达.[方法]以pCMV.SPORT6-SR-BI质粒为模板PCR扩增目的基因cDNA,将其克隆至pSNAV2.0-IRES-EGFP-LacZa载体中,经酶切及测序鉴定后,脂质体介导转染BHK21细胞,经G418筛选得到含SR-BI基因的BHK/SR-BI-IRES-EGFP载体细胞株,用携带rep2-capl基因的辅助病毒(rHsv/r2cl)感染该细胞株.通过细胞孵育、裂解和病毒纯化,得到杂合载体rAAV2/1-SR-BI-IRES-EGFP病毒.免疫荧光显微镜检测绿色荧光表达,计算转染效率,Western Blot检测转染后SR-BI蛋白的表达.[结果]酶切鉴定表明pSNAV2.0-SR-BI-IRES-EGFP重组成功,基因测序显示装入pSNAV2.0-IRES-EGFP-LacZa质粒中的SR-BI基因正确;成功构建了rAAV2/1-SR-BI-IRES-EGFP病毒载体.转染HepG2肝细胞后免疫荧光显微镜检测最佳MOI值为1×10~5时,以此值转染HepG2肝细胞荧光高效表达:Western Blot检测未转染组及rAAV2/1-IRES-EGFP组HepG2肝细胞均有SR-BI蛋白表达,rAAV2/1-SR-BI-IRES-EGFP组SR-BI蛋白表达水平较rAAV2/1-IRES-EGFP组及未转染组显著增加.[结论]成功构建了rAAV2/1-SR-BI-IRES-EGFP杂合载体系统,转染后SR-BI蛋白在HepG2肝细胞高效表达,为SR-BI生理学作用机制及临床应用的深入研究奠定基础.     

pEGFP-VEGF重组质粒的构建及其在成骨细胞中的表达

目的:构建一种含人血管内皮细胞生长因子121(VEGF121)的质粒,以绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因,观察其在成骨细胞中的表达.方法:从人胎脑文库中,以PCR方法扩增出人VEGF121基因,构建入增强绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒pEGFP-C1,脂质体法转染成骨细胞,荧光显微镜下观测绿色荧光蛋白的表达;免疫细胞化学及ELISA检测VEGF蛋白的表达.结果:PCR扩增出人VEGF121基因;构建入pEGFP-C1,体外成功转染入成骨细胞,在荧光显微镜下可见强绿色荧光蛋白的表达,免疫细胞化学及ELISA检测到VEGF蛋白的表达.结论:重组质粒pEGFP-VEGF体外转染入成骨细胞后,目的基因能够在细胞有效表达,检测方法简便可靠,为利用转染该种目的基因的成骨细胞进行下一步实验提供了理论支持.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.