高度近视白内障表面麻醉下超声乳化手术

目的 探讨高度近患者白内障表面麻醉下超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的安全性及疗效.方法 对59例(71眼)高度近视合并白内障进行表面麻醉下超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,观察术中疼痛感、并发症及手术效果.结果 61眼(85.92％)无疼痛、6眼(8.45％)有轻微胀痛、4眼(5.63％)感胀痛,1眼发生后囊破裂,无视网膜脱离发生.术后3个月视力0.3以上者占67.6％,0.5及以上者占36.6％.结论 表面麻醉下高度近视行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术疗效可靠、并发症少.     

表面麻醉下高度近视眼白内障超声乳化术初步探讨

目的：分析和探讨表面麻醉下行高度近视眼合并白内障超声乳化术的安全性及其疗效。方法：对45例50只高度近视眼合并白内障患者进行表面麻醉下超声乳化术并植入人工晶状体，观察手术中疼痛感、并发症、术后疗效及与疗效相关问题。结果：40例45只眼无疼痛，3例3只眼有轻微胀感，2例2只眼胀痛，术中追加一次表面麻醉，1例1只眼发生部分悬韧带离断，无视网膜脱离发生。结论：表面麻醉下高度近视眼合并白内障超声乳化术安全、疗效确切、并发症少。     

高度近视伴核性白内障表面麻醉下超声乳化治疗观察

目的 探讨高度近视伴核性白内障表面麻醉下超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术的效果.方法 对78例(78跟)高度近视伴核性白内障在表面麻醉下行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术,观察麻醉满意度,术中及术后并发症.结果 所有患者均在表麻下无痛苦完成手术,术中术后无严重并发症发生.术后1d视力≥0.5者46例(46眼),占58.97％;术后1周视力≥0.5者58例(58眼),占74.35％.结论 表面麻醉下超声乳化白内障吸出术人工晶状体植入是高度近视伴核性白内障较理想的手术方式.     

表面麻醉下隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入

目的 探讨表面麻醉下行隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法 对85例（97眼）白内障患者在表面麻醉下行隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果 所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无一例改用其他麻醉方法。平均手术时间为18min。患者配合良好，无一例改为球后或球周麻醉。术后1周视力≥0．2者90眼，占92．8％；视力≥0．5者58眼，占59．8％；视力≥0．8者34眼，占35．1％。结论 表面麻醉隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入是简便易行的麻醉方法，效果肯定，适合在基层和防盲工作中推广。     

表面麻醉下高度近视眼白内障超声乳化术疗效观察

目的 评价表面麻醉下高度近视眼白内障超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体植入术的安全性及疗效。方法对眼轴长≥26mm的78例(105眼)在表面麻醉下行白内障超声乳化术,同时植入后房型人工晶状体。结果 术后3个月裸眼视力＞0.5者38眼,占36.2%;矫正视力＞0.5者69服,占65.3%。其中眼轴长≤29mm者84眼,最佳矫正视力≥0.5者67服,占79.8%。经t检验,眼轴长＜28mm者和28mm≤眼轴长＜30mm者两组间,有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。眼轴长＜30mm和＞30 mm者之间差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01)。 结论 表面麻醉下高度近视眼白内障超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体植入术,具有术后视力恢复快,安全可靠等优点。     

青光眼滤过术后超声乳化人工晶状体植入观察

目的探讨青光眼滤过术后表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术后的疗效及并发症。方法对29例(30眼)有青光眼滤过史的患者，表面麻醉下进行颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术，观察其术中术后并发症，以及矫正视力。结果30眼均顺利完成超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入。术后1周，视力0．06者1眼，0．1～0．2者3眼，0．3～0．5者10眼，大于0．5者16眼。术中2例(2眼)发生后囊破裂，术后房水闪光( )，人工晶状体表面色素沉着，角膜水肿等并发症。结论青光眼滤过术后，表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术能使患者获得较好的视力，并发症少。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障疗效观察

目的:探讨高度近视白内障表面麻醉下晶状体超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法:回顾性病例系列研究,对60例88眼高度近视白内障采用表面麻醉透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化折叠人工晶状体植入术后随访1～3mo。结果:患者88眼均顺利完成手术植入丙烯酸酯折叠人工晶状体,植入球面人工晶状体46眼,非球面晶状体39眼,多焦晶状体3眼。度数范围:-6.00～+13.00D。术后视力均有不同程度提高,其中矫正视力≥0.5者54眼(61%),≥0.3者73眼(83%),≥0.05者83眼(94%)。术中术后无严重并发症发生。结论:对高度近视白内障采用表面麻醉下透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化折叠式人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的,是这一高危人群的理想术式。     

初学白内障超声乳化联合折叠人工晶体植入术的体会

目的总结初学超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶体植入术治疗白内障的心得体会。方法由初学手术医师对19例23眼多种类型白内障行超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶体植入术。结果术中球结膜水肿6眼(26.1%)、折叠人工晶体植入并发症4眼(17.4%);术后7天视力≥0.3者20眼(87.0%),矫正视力≥0.3者21眼(91.3%);散光度≤1.0D者17眼(74.0%);与术前角膜散光度比较变化≤1.0D者23眼(100%);1级角膜水肿3眼(13.0%);无其他并发症发生。结论初学白内障超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶体植入术多发生与透明角膜切口和折叠人工晶体植入技巧相关并发症上。在掌握超声乳化技术的基础上,选择合适病例,着重于透明角膜切口和折叠人工晶体植入技巧的培训,可实现从硬性晶体到折叠晶体的平稳过渡。     

糖尿病性白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨糖尿病性白内障表面麻醉下晶状体乳化及人工晶状体植入术的疗效及其并发症。方法 对50例(60眼)糖尿病性白内障表面麻醉下施行晶状体乳化及人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后视力≥0．5者36眼，占60．0％；≥0．3者53眼，占88．3％。并发症主要包括：角膜内皮水肿24眼，占40．0％；前房纤维素性渗出6眼，占10．0％；后囊浑浊3眼，占5．0％。结论 在糖尿病患者血糖控制稳定的情况下，表面麻醉下施行晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术是可行的。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障

目的 探讨高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法 表面麻醉下对160例193眼高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果 眼铀26—30mm组，术后1月视力≥0．5者100眼，占81．97％；眼铀≥30mm组，术后1月视力≥0．5者33眼，占46．48％．结论 超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障患者能改善患者的视力。     

超声乳化联合前房角分离治疗伴白内障的青光眼

目的：：观察晶状体超声乳化联合前房角分离术对伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼患者的治疗效果。方法：无并发症伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼50例50眼,施行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术。术后随访3mo,记录并比较术前及术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角。各指标均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前及术后3mo的最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角的情况进行比较。结果：术后3 mo的最佳矫正视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义( t=8.76, P=0.001);术后3 mo 的眼压为15.63±3.11mmHg,较术前(45.12±5.30mmHg)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P=0.000);术后3mo的前房深度为3.57±0.02mm,较术前(1.43±0.25mm)明显加深,差异有统计学意义(t=8.16,P=0.001);术前、术后前房角情况的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.432,P=0.000;Z=-2.432,P=0.016;Z=-4.379,P=0.000;Z=-4.538, P=0.000)。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术治疗伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼,能够有效控制眼压,提高视力,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

环喷托酯在屈光参差儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的比较分析1%盐酸环喷托酯与1%阿托品对3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2010年10月~2011年2月在北京同仁医院眼科斜弱视门诊就诊的3~12岁屈光参差儿童40例(80眼)。方法对以上40例患儿按年龄分成3组,即3~6岁组,7~9岁组和10~12岁组。全部患儿均首先用1%盐酸环喷托酯进行散瞳验光,待其瞳孔完全恢复正常(1周后)再行1%阿托品散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。主要指标屈光值(球镜度数、柱镜度数及轴向)。结果用1%盐酸环喷托酯散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.18 D±4.90 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.16 D,散光轴向:80.50°±38.62°)与用1%阿托品散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.20 D±4.91 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.15 D,散光轴向:80.06°±38.48°)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在80眼中,球镜值相同或相差≤0.50 D者77眼,符合率为96.25%;柱镜值在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50 D者65眼,符合率为94.20%;散光轴向在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤5°者67眼,符合率为97.10%。三个年龄组间的球镜、柱镜和散光轴向符合率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯可以替代1%阿托品用于3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光,其结果可以作为配镜的依据。     

滤过试验结合可拆缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的　探讨小梁切除术术中做滤过试验结合可拆缝线的应用对预测和控制术后滤过量及预防浅前房的疗效。方法　对 92例 ( 113眼 )原发性青光眼 ,在小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验结果来决定固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量。术后 1～ 7天 ,抽出可拆缝线。回顾性总结术中缝合种类、数量及术后前房深度、眼压、滤过泡、视野。结果　术中 40眼 ( 3 5 40 % )采用一针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线 ,5 1眼 ( 45 14 % )采用二针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线。术后无一例持续性浅前房。术后第 7天眼压平均 13 5± 3 3 0mmHg。追踪观察 6～ 2 4个月 ,形成功能性滤过泡 89眼( 78 76% ) ,眼压控制 <2 1mmHg 91眼 ( 80 5 3 % ) ,视野不变 98眼 ( 86 73 % )。结论　小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验的结果 ,通过对固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量的选择能有效预测和控制术后滤过量并预防术后浅前房     

Bilateral CNV associated with optic nerve drusen treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve drusen (OND) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. METHODS: A 10-year-old girl with juxtapapillary CNV in the right eye and juxtapapillary and juxtafoveal CNV in the left eye associated with OND underwent PDT with verteporfin in both eyes. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased from 20/160 to 20/25 in the right eye and from 20/1000 to 20/25 in the left eye after two sessions of PDT and 2 years of follow-up. CNV showed no leakage after two PDT sessions in both eyes and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal CNV is an uncommon complication of OND and excellent anatomic and functional results can be obtained with PDT.     

合并成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性渗出性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性。方法 对53例前房内出现成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAUPE）患者及61例前房内无成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）患者进行HLA-B27的检测,并结合临床表现加以分析。结果 成型性渗出的AAUPE患者的HLA-B27阳性率为100％,而无成型性渗出的AAU患者的HLA-B27阳性率仅为50.8％。二者有显著差异性（P<0.01）。两组HLA-B27阳性的病人强直性脊柱炎发生率分别为50.0％和42.9％。结论 结果进一步证实了HLA-B27与成型性渗出密切相关的论点。提示检测AAU患者HLA-B27的阳性率,发现成型性渗出裂隙灯检查似与血清法检测同样准确。     

小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的：观察小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术在原发性闭角型青光眼(包括急性闭角型青光眼与慢性闭角型青光眼)合并白内障患者中的临床治疗效果及对并发症的影响。

方法：选取2014-01/2016-07在我院诊治的青光眼合并白内障患者60例60眼,采用随机数字方法分为对照组(30例30眼)和观察组(30例30眼)。对照组采用小梁切除术治疗,观察组采用小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除治疗,比较两组临床效果及并发症发生率情况。

结果：观察组术后视力与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 观察组术后眼压水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组术后前房深度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组术后并发症发生率为7%,显著低于对照组的23%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者在小梁切除术基础上联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗效果理想,并发症发生率相对较低。     

Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia

PURPOSE: To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed. RESULTS: Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.     

Phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for the management of uveitic complications. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 23 consecutive eyes with chronic noninfectious uveitis (uveitic group) and 43 nonuveitic eyes (control group) that had received primary phacotrabeculectomy. Mitomycin C was used in all the uveitic eyes. Considering the high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of the uveitic group, nonuveitic eyes that had a preoperative IOP of >or=20 mm Hg or that had been given two or more medications were included in the control group. All patients were followed for at least one year. The main outcome measures were postoperative vision, IOP control, complications, and acute uveitis relapse rates. RESULTS: Visual outcome of the uveitic group was similar to the control group. In the uveitic group, the success rate of IOP control (91.3% at one year, 84.8% at two years) was favorable but was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .0423). Complications were comparable between the groups. Primary surgical failure in the uveitic group was associated with the postoperative acute uveitis attack. In the uveitic group, the acute uveitis attack rate showed no change after surgery (P = .283). CONCLUSION: With adequate inflammation suppression, phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in uveitic eyes. A lower surgical success rate of the uveitic group might be attributable to the postoperative inflammation recurrence.     

Epikeratoplasty with nonlyophilized tissue in children with aphakia

We studied 75 epikeratoplasty procedures using nonlyophilized tissue performed by eight ophthalmic surgeons in 70 eyes (47 patients) to correct for aphakia in children less than 8 years of age (mean age, 3.4 +/- 2.1 years). Of the 47 patients in the study, 24 were girls and 23 were boys; 23 patients had bilateral surgery. Seven of the epigrafts required removal; two were not replaced, and five underwent successful repeat epikeratoplasty. Overall, the success rate (that is, the percentage of epigrafts that remained optically and functionally clear throughout the course of this study) for the epikeratoplasty procedure was 89% (62 of 70 eyes) for initial surgery and 96% (67 of 70 eyes) for repeat surgery. The average spherical equivalent was +14.4 +/- 3.7 diopters preoperatively and +0.3 +/- 2.9 diopters one year after the operation. One year after the final surgical procedure, 42 of 56 eyes (75%) were within 3 diopters of emmetropia. In the 29 verbal patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 25 (86.2%) one year after the operation.