全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺良性疾病

目的:探讨肺良性疾病全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术的特点.方法:2006年9月至2008年9月,24例肺部良性病变患者接受25例次胸腔镜肺叶切除手术(1例为同期双侧手术).其中男性11例,女性13例,平均年龄49.0岁.全组患者中9例为影像学占位病变,于术中明确病理学诊断;另外15例为良性疾病择期手术,包括支气管扩张10例.手术中对胸膜腔致密粘连、肺动脉周围粘连、钙化淋巴结、支气管动脉扩张迂曲等慢性炎性改变依情况处理.术后平均随访7.3个月.结果:25例次胸腔镜肺叶切除术包括左上叶切除术3例,左肺下叶切除术9例,右肺上叶切除术2例,右肺中叶切除术4例,右肺下叶切除术7例.各种炎性粘连均成功在镜下进行处理,手术无中转开胸.手术时间(163±52)min,术中出血量(163±130)ml.无围手术期死亡及严重并发症,平均胸腔引流时间(5.8±2.8)d.随访中未发生远期并发症.结论:炎症粘连是造成肺良性疾病胸腔镜肺叶切除手术困难的主要原因.胸腔镜手术可应用于绝大部分良性疾病肺叶切除.     

食管良性疾病的胸腔镜手术

目的：探讨食管良性疾病的胸腔镜治疗技术在我国的实用性和安全性。方法：在4个胸腔镜套管切口下分别为29例食管良性疾病病人施行手术治疗，其中食管平滑肌瘤摘除术15例，贲门失弛缓症肌层切开术6例，食管结核病灶清除术，食管憩室切除术和食管裂孔疝 修补术各2例，食管囊肿切除和取异物术各1例，结果：无手术死亡及严重手术并发症，有3例病人中转开胸手术，其中2例因食管粘膜撕裂，1例因胸膜致密粘连，平均手术时间为95min，术后平均住院日为6d。结论：食管良性疾病的胸腔镜手术创伤小，恢复快，手术瘢痕小，这种安全，效果可靠的新术式应取代常规开胸手术。     

艾司氯胺酮联合普瑞巴林对胸腔镜术后急慢性疼痛的影响

目的 观察围术期口服普瑞巴林联合术后艾司氯胺酮静脉镇痛对胸腔镜术后急慢性疼痛的影响。方法 选择2020年9月至2021年8月择期全麻下行胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者129例,男68例,女61例,年龄18～80岁,BMI 15～30 kg/m²,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组：艾司氯胺酮联合普瑞巴林组(PE组)、普瑞巴林组(P组)和对照组(C组),每组43例。PE组和P组术前1 h口服普瑞巴林150 mg,术后连续7 d口服普瑞巴林150 mg,每天2次。C组不口服普瑞巴林。PE组术后PCIA配方为：舒芬太尼100μg、艾司氯胺酮1.25 mg/kg、托烷司琼4 mg加生理盐水至100 ml。P组和C组术后PCIA配方为：舒芬太尼100μg、托烷司琼4 mg加生理盐水至100 ml。记录术后3、6、12、24、48 h静息和咳嗽时NRS疼痛评分。记录术中瑞芬太尼用量、术后0～12、12～24、24～48、0～48 h舒芬太尼用量、PCIA有效按压次数和总按压次数。记录术后48 h恶心、呕吐、头晕、瘙痒、幻觉和噩梦等不良反应发生情况。记录术后3、6个月慢性疼痛...     

电子纤维食管镜在食管良性疾病电视胸腔镜手术中的作用

目的：探讨电子纤维食管镜在电视胸腔镜手术治疗食管良性疾病操作中的作用。方法：对38例食管良性疾病患者行电视胸腔镜手术,术中使用电子纤维食管镜协助,进行病变定位、肿物剥离、病变切除及保护食管粘膜等操作。结果：36例患者手术经过顺利,术后恢复平稳,无食管胸膜瘘等严重手术并发及手术死亡病例;2例患者因病情需要中转开胸。结论：在采用电视胸腔镜手术治疗食管良性疾病过程中,合理应用电子纤维食管镜可使手术操作更加准确、安全、可靠、便捷。     

食管良性疾病的腔镜微创治疗应用体会

目的：总结我院近年来开展微创治疗食管良性疾病的手术经验及治疗效果。方法回顾研究自2007-2013年以来,我院应用胸腔镜及腹腔镜微创手段治疗食管良性疾病,包括食管平滑肌瘤、贲门失弛缓、胃-食管返流性疾病等33例的临床资料。结果本组33例患者手术全部腔镜下完成,手术过程顺利,无死亡病例,无中转开胸或开腹病例,无消化道黏膜破损,总体效果良好。手术时间40~150 min,平均96.6 min。手术出血量15~70 ml,平均26.42 ml。结论食管良性疾病的微创治疗效果良好、创伤小、恢复快,具有较好的应用价值及发展前景。     

Predictors of general complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical procedures

Background The video-assisted thoracoscopic approach has become the preferred method for many procedures due to the reduced trauma, complication rate and morbidity. The aim of this study was a risk evaluation of patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedures. Methods Between 1991 and 2004, 1,008 patients were included in this single-center retrospective analysis. Risk assessment was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Multivariate analysis revealed that patient age (p = 0.003), the duration of the VATS procedure (p = 0.008), redo-VATS (p < 0.001) and conversion to open thoracotomy (p < 0.001) correlated significantly with the incidence of complications. Patients with immune deficiency following organ transplantation had the highest complication rate at 31.7%, which was significantly higher than for patients with either benign disease (p = 0.010) or malignant disease (p = 0.019). Conclusions VATS is a safe procedure, but extra caution is recommended for patients with a higher risk profile (age, redo-VATS, immune deficiency). Hauke Winter, Georgios Meimarakis authors contributed equally to the work     

Pulmonary embolism and cerebral venous thrombosis after thoracoscopic surgery for benign pulmonary disease

A-76-year-old woman consulted for open biopsy for a pulmonary mass. Thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as nonspecific inflammation. On the first postoperative day (POD1), the patient lost consciousness transiently. Eleven hours after the first stroke, the patient experienced a second stroke together with hypoxia. Pulmonary perfusion scan on POD2 showed multiple perfusion defects, and the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombolitic therapy was started. Neurological symptoms didn’t improve, and cerebral angiography on POD3 showed delayed perfusion in superficial veins. The patient was diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy had been continued, and the patient was found to have hemorrhagic cerebral infarction on POD11. After persistent therapy, the patient was discharged on POD120. Although both PE and CVT are rare complications after thoracic surgery, we must consider these complications in patients undergoing thoracic operations including thoracoscopic surgery.     

Sequels 10 years after thoracoscopic procedures for benign disease.

OBJECTIVE: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is recognized to be as effective as open thoracic surgery for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic conditions, but with significantly less morbidity. Chronic postoperative pain (CPP) is defined as persisting more than 2 months after the procedure. CPP and other neurological sensations like dysesthesia or numbness are found frequently, but little is known about the outcome of those patients many years after the primary procedure. METHODS: In 1999 we retrospectively investigated a group of 46 (31.9%) out of 144 patients who were identified with sequels at a mean of 32 months after a VATS procedure. Now at 123 months postoperation we reinvestigated those patients for ongoing sequels. RESULTS: Out of 46 patients, 36 were still alive and could be reached for an interview. Eighteen patients (50%) were now free from symptoms while 18 patients (50%) still suffered from sequels. From the group of 144 patients operated on, sequels were now present in 18 patients (12.5% at 123 months vs 31.4% at 32 months, p=0.0002). Pain was present in 17 patients (11.8% vs 20.1%, p=0.11), in 3 patients (2.1% vs 18.1%, p<0.000001) even at rest, and in 4 patients (2.7% vs 12.5%, p=0.0002) only at exercise. Ten patients (6.9% vs 28.5%, p=0.096) suffered from pain occasionally, e.g. because of changing weather. Painkillers were taken only by one patient (0.7% vs 16.6%, p<0.0001) occasionally, and the sequels impacted the life of one female patient (0.7% vs 13.2%, p<0.0001) badly. Numbness was present in 16.9% versus 1.3% (p=0.0013) of patients. CONCLUSION: Early postoperative sequels are frequently found in VATS procedures, but patients with pain even after years have a nearly 50% chance to eliminate their problems. In addition, numbness and dysesthesia seem to disappear almost completely several years after the procedure.     

胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术20例临床分析

目的评估胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗外周型早期肺癌、肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2011年11月复旦大学附属中山医院行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术20例患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女10例;平均年龄58.0(14～86)岁。切口选择3孔法。肺段动脉、静脉使用Hem-o-lok或直线型切割合器处理,肺段支气管及段间水平均使用直线型切割缝合器处理。分析手术效果和安全性。结果 20例患者成功施行了胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术,无中转开胸,无中转肺叶切除,无围术期死亡,无围术期并发症。术后组织病理学诊断示肺癌10例,肺转移瘤3例,肺良性疾病7例。平均手术时间133.0(90～240)min,平均出血量85.0(50～200)ml,术后平均胸腔引流管留置时间3.2(2～7)d,术后平均住院时间6.7(4～11)d。结论胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术安全可行,可以选择性应用于Ⅰa期肺癌或者不易行肺楔形切除术的肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病患者。     

Chronic pain after hysterectomy

Background: Chronic pain is a well-known adverse effect of surgery, but the risk of chronic pain after gynaecological surgery is less established.
Method: This review summarizes studies on chronic pain following hysterectomy. The underlying mechanisms and risk factors for the development of chronic post-hysterectomy pain are discussed.
Results and conclusion: Chronic pain is reported by 5–32% of women after hysterectomy. A guideline is proposed for future prospective studies.     

重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺大疱的微创治疗

目的探讨重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）合并肺大疱行胸腔镜肺大疱切除术、肺减容术（1ung volume reduction surgery,LVRS）的可行性。方法2007年6月一2012年4月,对12例重症COPD（合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭）的肺大疱行胸腔镜肺大疱切除、LVRS。术前、术中、术后充分做好肺保护,术中用垫有奈维材料的内镜切割缝合器（Endo．GIA）切除肺大疱和肺的边缘组织。比较患者手术前后血气分析及肺功能改善情况。结果全组无死亡,未出现持续性漏气和严重肺部感染,术后2天内均脱离呼吸机。术后呼吸困难症状明显改善,英国医学研究委员会（medical research council,MRC）呼吸困难量表分级由Ⅳ级降为Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级9例。术后3个月复查肺功能第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV,占预计值百分比（FEV1％）及血气分析氧分压（PaO2）升高,二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）降低（P〈0．01）。结论对于肺功能较差的重症COPD合并肺大疱患者可行胸腔镜肺大疱切除、肺减容术,手术治疗能有效改善肺功能。     

Bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy with sympathectomy for managing abdominal pain in cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Simple interruption of splanchnic nerve can lead to incomplete transection of nerve fibers responsible for cancer-derived abdominal visceral because lots of neural communications exist. METHODS: From December 1999 to June 2005, a total of 21 cancer patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic segmental resection of splanchnic nerve with sympathectomy for intractable abdominal pain based on the anatomic observation of 26 embalmed Korean cadaveric specimens in Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. All patients were preoperatively asked to rate the extent of their current pain by using the numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicated no pain and 10 indicated intractable pain. The effectiveness of this thoracoscopic procedure was assessed based on the NRS reevaluated after surgery. RESULTS: NRS score was significantly reduced after thoracoscopic surgery (1.71 +/- 1.10 versus 8.52 +/- 1.08, paired t test, P < .0001). Sixteen patients (76.2%) could tolerate pain without or with reduced dose of analgesics. No mortality and morbidity were found in this study. CONCLUSION: This bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy with sympathectomy is safe, easy, and effective method in managing cancer-derived visceral abdominal pain.     

34例乳腺良性疾病再手术原因分析及对策

目的探讨乳腺良性疾病再手术的原因与应对方法。方法对我科1995年1月到2003年1月收治进行二次手术的34例乳腺良性疾病的原因、治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果全组34例,以主诉伴或不伴有症状的局部肿块为最常见,再发是二次手术主要原因,以纤维囊性乳腺病最多见,其次为乳腺纤维腺瘤和乳腺癌。结论乳腺纤维囊性增生、乳腺纤维瘤及乳腺癌是造成乳腺良性疾病再手术的主要原因;乳腺增生有恶变可能,局部切除病变并长期随访对这类患者是必要的。     

Liver resection for benign liver tumors: indications and outcome

BACKGROUND: The indications for intervention in cases of benign liver tumors include symptoms, suspicion of malignancy, or risk of malignant change. METHODS: Eighty-four liver resections for benign tumors were performed in our hospital from June 1996 to December 2004. The patient records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The study group (41 females, 43 males; average age, 41.4 +/- 10.5 y) included 46 cavernous hemangiomas, 27 focal nodular hyperplasias, 5 hepatic adenomas, and 6 liver cysts. The indications for resection were inability to rule out malignancy (50 [59.5%]), symptoms (33 [39.3%]), and others (1 [1.2%]). Postoperatively, 28 of the 33 patients had resolution of symptoms. Twenty-nine patients (34.5%) had chronic hepatitis B infection. CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection for benign liver tumor is safe, but indications for intervention must be evaluated carefully. The presence of chronic parenchymal liver disease does not increase morbidity in these patients.     

全胸腔镜下先天性心脏病手术1281例

目的 总结全胸腔镜下先天性心脏病手术的经验.方法 2000年9月至2011年11月,全腔腔镜下先天性心脏病手术1281例,其中房间隔缺损1016例,室间隔缺损110例,房室管畸形61例,法洛三联症33例,部分肺静脉异位引流24例,肺动脉瓣狭窄12例,动脉导管未闭9例,三房心8例,无顶冠状静脉窦综合征7例,完全肺静脉异位引流1例.术时右侧胸壁3孔,股动脉、静脉插管(或右房、股静脉分别插上、下腔静脉插管)建立体外循环,阻断钳阻断升主动脉,冷晶体(含血)心脏停搏液顺行灌注保护心肌.结果 手术均获成功,体外循环(42±16) min,升主动脉阻断(21 ±9)min,术后呼吸机辅助(4.1±1.5)h,术后住院(7.1±1.4)天.术后35例发生并发症,右侧气胸16例,胸腔穿刺1次治愈;皮下气肿12例,胸带加压包扎治愈;右腋下切口液化3例、腹股沟切口液化4例,伤口延期愈合.全组术后4～8天超声心动图示畸形矫治满意.914例术后随访3个月～9年,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.结论 全腔镜下先天性心脏病手术安全可靠,创伤小,患儿(者)恢复快.     

电视胸腔镜辅助胸腺切除术

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助胸腺切除的临床应用价值. 方法 2002年9月～2004年6月,18例胸腺疾病和重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)行胸腔镜辅助下胸腺切除手术,其中胸腺全切7例,11例MG行胸腺扩大切除. 结果 17例在胸腔镜辅助下完成, 1例中转小切口(7 cm)开胸手术.3例MG术后须短暂呼吸机辅助通气(<12 h),二次气管插管1例,余无严重并发症,无手术死亡.手术时间47～115 min,平均95 min;胸腔引流时间1.2～2.6 d,平均2 d;术后住院时间4～9 d,平均5.5 d.9例良性胸腺瘤或胸腺囊肿随访3～20个月,平均13个月,无复发.11例MG随访3～19个月,平均10个月,4例症状完全缓解,7例都分缓解. 结论胸腔镜辅助下胸腺切除手术,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,胸腔镜下胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力在技术上是可行的.     

经乳晕切口治疗多种乳腺良性疾病的探讨

Objective To explore the indications, superiority and surgical technique of periareolar approach in the management of benign breast diseases. Methods 132 patients with benign breast disease (91 cases of Fibroadenoma, 12 cases of limited gland hyperplasia, 8 cases of cyst, 2 cases of benign phyllodes tumor and 6 cases of male gynecomastia) underwent operation through areolar incision. Results All patients were followed up for 1-10 months. 107 cases were satisfied with their treatment,19 cases were not quite satisfied with the relatively long incision, and 6 cases were not satisfied with the front incision. The one-month-later reexamination showed that 117 cases feel good and 15 cases had partial numbness of the nipple (15/132, 11.36%). All but two patients wound healing delayed because of local hematoma (2/132, 1.52%). Neither necrosis nor infection was found. Conclusions With the advantages of fewer complications and cosmetic effect, periareolar approach can be applied in management of various benign breast diseases. Factors such as indications, anatomical layer, postoperative molding, appropriate drainage, pressure dressing should be taken into consideration for the success of operation.     

重视肛门直肠良性疾病的诊治

近年来,中国肛门直肠外科领域展现出前所未有的繁荣局面,但也暴露出一系列问题,如患者及医务人员对肛门直肠良性疾病重视程度不够高,专科化发展滞后以及对肛门直肠良性疾病诊治欠规范等。本文探讨当前国内肛门直肠良性疾病诊治所面临的问题,以期临床医师在诊断和治疗肛门直肠良性疾病时引起足够的重视。     

胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗先天性心脏病的疗效比较

目的比较胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗先天性心脏病的疗效. 方法将62例先天性心脏病,根据患者的手术选择意愿分为2组.胸腔镜组24例,采用体外循环技术,胸腔镜下行房间隔缺损修补术8例,室间隔缺损修补术16例;开胸组38例,直视下行房间隔缺损修补术14例,室间隔缺损修补术24例. 结果 2组均无死亡.2组体外循环时间[(74±28)min vs.(71±24)min]、升主动脉阻闭时间[(29±13)min vs.(28±12)min]、术后呼吸机辅助时间[(3.2±1.1)h vs.(3.3±1.1)h]无显著性差异(t = 0.449、0.309、-0.349;P= 0.655、0.758、0.729 ).2组术后并发症发生率无显著差异(χ2=2.646,P=0.104).与开胸组比较,胸腔镜组术后胸腔引流量明显减少[(32±18) ml vs (66±28)ml;t=-5.290,P=0.000],术后住院时间明显缩短[(6.1±1.2)d vs. (7.6±2.2)d;t=-3.059,P=0.003]. 结论胸腔镜手术治疗先天性心脏病创伤小,恢复快,美容效果好,安全可靠.     

Chronic pain after surgery

Chronic pain after surgery is an area of considerable interest. Sufferers of chronic pain experience a poor quality of life, and the economic costs of treatment of the condition and resulting disability are high. Factors such as severe preoperative pain, psychosocial factors and particular surgical procedures have been identified as risk factors. Neuropathic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic post surgical pain and our understanding of this continues to grow. Much interest has focused on perioperative analgesic interventions to reduce the incidence and severity; however, as yet the evidence is neither compelling nor consistent. At present there remains a need for education of the medical profession and the public of the risks of chronic post surgical pain, so that unnecessary or inappropriate operations are minimized.