Some recent works on diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＵＳＥＳＯＦＭＯＮＯＣＬＯＮＡＬＡＮＴＩＢＯＤＩＥＳＢｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｃｅｌｆｕｓｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｗｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｓｅｖｅｒａｌｈｙｂｒｉｄｏｍａｃｅｌｌｉｎｅｓｃａｐａｂｌｅｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇａｎｔ...     

一氧化氮在高脂饲养兔胸主动脉的变化和意义

观察高脂饲养兔胸主动脉血管环对去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）的反应性及环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）含量的变化。结果表明其对ＮＥ的反应性降低，组织ｃＧＭＰ的含量减少。左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）和硝普钠（ＳＮＰ）可恢复此反应性，而一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）阻滞剂Ｌ－硝基精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）却加重其降低的反应性。提示高脂饲养兔血管环中的一氧化氮（ＮＯ）减少，Ｌ－Ａｒｇ及ＳＮＰ可以逆转之，暗示Ｌ－Ａｒｇ／ＮＯ通路障碍可能是动脉粥样硬化的又一机理。     

口服左旋精氨酸预防病毒性心肌炎合并充血性心力衰竭

以往的研究曾证明一氧化氮合酶 (ＮＯＳ)抑制剂Ｌ ＮＡＭＥ可加重小鼠的病毒性心肌炎。在本项研究中作者探讨左旋精氨酸 (ＮＯ前体 )对心肌炎合并心力衰竭的改善作用 ,在第一部分实验中给感染脑心肌炎病毒的ＢＡＬＢ Ｃ小鼠予左旋精氨酸或左旋精氨酸 +Ｌ ＮＡＭＥ口服 4周 ,在第二部分实验中从感染病毒后的第四周至十二周给予感染脑心肌炎病毒的ＤＢＡ 2小鼠予左旋精氨酸或左旋精氨酸 +Ｌ ＮＡＭＥ口服 ,同时进行对照实验。研究结果表明 ,在第一部分实验中左旋精氨酸口服组小鼠存活率最高 ,并且心脏损害及充血性心力衰竭的发生率最低 ,同时…     

EFFECT OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS ONGASTROINTESTINALMOTILITY．

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＰＳＹＣＨＯＥＭＯＴＩＯＮＡＬＳＴＲＥＳＳＯＮＧＡＳＴＲＯＩＮＴＥＳＴＩＮＡＬＭＯＴＩＬＩＴＹ．ＭｉｃｈｉｏＨｏｎｇｏ，ＳｈｉｎＦｕｋｕｄｏ，ＴａｉｓｕｋｅＮｏｍｕｒａ．ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｓｙｃｈｏｓｏｍａｔｉｃＭｅｄｉｃｉ...     

内源性一氧化氮在哮喘大鼠气道高反应性中的作用

目的　利用一氧化氮合成前体Ｌ精氨酸（ＬＡｒｇ） 和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂亚硝基Ｌ精氨酸甲酯（ＬＮＡＭＥ）研究内源性一氧化氮在哮喘大鼠气道高反应性中的作用,探讨支气管哮喘的发病机制。方法　用卵白蛋白作为致敏原制备哮喘大鼠模型,建立大鼠离体气管环张力的测定方法,并用ＬＡｒｇ、ＬＮＡＭＥ和ＬＡｒｇ＋ ＬＮＡＭＥ孵育离体气管环,观察气管环乙酰胆碱浓度反应曲线和最大收缩反应的变化,同时观察去上皮对哮喘大鼠气道反应性的影响。结果　哮喘大鼠（１０ 只） 离体气管环经ＬＮＡＭＥ１０５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ孵育后对乙酰胆碱的最大收缩反应从孵育前（１２４±３９） ｍｇ 上升到（１８７ ±５３） ｍｇ,孵育前、后最大收缩反应比较差异具有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,浓度反应曲线上移,而ＬＡｒｇ 可以逆转ＬＮＡＭＥ的作用,单用ＬＡｒｇ ２×１０５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和ＬＡｒｇ１０３ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ孵育气管环,对哮喘大鼠气管环的最大收缩反应和浓度反应曲线与对照组比较,差异无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５） 。去上皮哮喘大鼠气管环的反应性与上皮完整气管环比较差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０．００５） ,而ＬＡｒｇ、ＬＮＡＭＥ＋ ＬＡｒｇ 和ＬＮＡＭＥ孵育去上     

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY．

ＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＧＡＳＴＲＯＧＲＡＰＨＹ．ＫｅｎｎｅｔｈＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ，Ｍ．Ｄ．ＧａｓｔｒｏｅｎｔｅｒｏｌｏｇｙＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ，ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ，ＴｈｅＰｅｎｓｙｌｖａｎｉａＳｔａｔ...     

幽门螺杆菌感染时胃黏膜一氧化氮合酶活性和脂质过氧化

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染时胃黏膜一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与脂质过氧化损伤的关系。方法测定１２名正常对照、１４例Ｈｐ阴性、２２例Ｈｐ阳性慢性胃炎和２７例Ｈｐ阳性消化性溃疡患者胃窦黏膜ＮＯ合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量。结果Ｈｐ阳性胃炎和溃疡患者ＮＯＳ活性和ＭＤＡ含量显著高于、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ含量低于Ｈｐ阴性者，溃疡ＮＯＳ活性高于Ｈｐ阳性胃炎；Ｈｐ阳性患者ＮＯＳ活性与胃炎积分和ＭＤＡ呈正相关，ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ与ＭＤＡ呈负相关；ＮＯＳ抑制剂ＬＮＭＭＡ可显著抑制Ｈｐ阳性患者ＮＯＳ活性，而乙二醇双四乙酸对ＮＯＳ活性无影响。Ｈｐ根除后，胃炎积分、ＮＯＳ活性和ＭＤＡ含量均显著下降、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ含量增高。结论Ｈｐ感染时胃黏膜ＮＯＳ活性增高与来源于炎症细胞产生的诱生型ＮＯＳ增多有关；ＮＯ参与了胃黏膜脂质过氧化损伤的病理过程     

慢性胃病中一氧化氮的研究进展

大量资料表明,一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对胃肠道的生理功能具有重要的调节作用．近年来有关ＮＯ与慢性胃病的研究取得了许多进展,现综述如下．１基础研究１．１ＮＯＳ的胃内分布ＮＯ是以Ｌ精氨酸（ＬＡｒｇ）为底物,在还原性辅酶Ⅱ（ＮＡＤＰＨ）等因子辅助下,由一氧化氮...     

老年矽肺与一氧化氮及氧化和抗氧化的关系

目的探讨老年矽肺与一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及氧化和抗氧化的关系。方法检测８５例矽肺患者和８０例对照者的血浆一氧化氮（ＰＮＯ）、维生素Ｃ（ＰＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（ＰＶＥ）、β胡萝卜素（ＰβＣＡＲ）及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＥＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＥＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＥＧＳＨＰＸ）值。结果与对照组比较,患者组ＰＶＣ、ＰＶＥ、ＰβＣＡＲ、ＥＳＯＤ、ＥＣＡＴ、ＥＧＳＨＰＸ均值显著降低、ＰＮＯ均值显著升高（Ｐ＜００１）;直线回归和相关分析表明上述各检测值与患者病程均有相关,逐步回归表明患者病情、肺功能状态与ＰＮＯ、ＰＶＥ、ＥＳＯＤ值相关最密切。结论老年矽肺患者ＮＯ代谢异常,氧化抗氧化平衡严重失调。     

NATIONAL PROGRAM OF MALARIA CONTROL OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＯＦＭＡＬＡＲＩＡＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＯＦＰＥＯＰＬＥ’ＳＲＥＰＵＢＬＩＣＯＦＣＨＩＮＡＸｕＳｈｕ—ＨｕｉＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃＤｉｓｅａｓｅｓ，ＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＰｕｂｌｉｃＨｅａｌｔｈｏｆＣｈｉｎａ（...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.