人工全膝关节置换联合螺钉治疗重度膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台沉降的临床疗效探讨

［摘要］　目的　探讨人工全膝关节置换联合螺钉治疗重度膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台沉降的临床疗效。方法　2016-08～2019-01收治11例（16膝）内翻畸形合并胫骨平台沉降患者,均为女性,采用人工全膝关节置换手术治疗。根据X线片比较术前和术后膝内翻角度,应用术前膝关节学会评分系统（KSS）临床评分为（40.28±11.34）分、功能评分为（48.32±15.54）分,膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)为（89.76±14.13）°,胫股角（femoral tibia angle,FTA）为（15.04±3.38）°。结果　手术时间为75～90 min,平均80 min;显性失血量为200～700 ml,平均430 ml;住院时间为10～15 d,平均12.5 d。随访时间为6～21个月,平均15个月。复查X线片测量膝关节FTA为（5.87±1.10）°,下肢力线均恢复正常。随访期间无假体松动、下沉。末次随访时,膝关节KSS临床评分为（87.33±5.42）分,功能评分为（89.45±5.94）分,膝关节ROM为（107.54±10.68）°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论　对于膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台沉降患者,人工全膝关节置换术后下肢力线恢复良好,螺钉联合骨水泥支撑小面积胫骨平台沉降,膝关节活动度、稳定性及功能恢复满意。     

外固定架辅助、快速矫正治疗膝关节内外翻畸形

目的探索使用外固定架临时固定、微创截骨、快速矫正畸形、髓内针或锁定钢板内固定治疗膝关节内翻或外翻畸形的新方法。方法共治疗膝关节内外翻畸形8例患者,其中胫骨平台骨折后内翻畸形4例,股骨髁外翻3例和股骨髁内翻1例,术中仅对1例行自体髂骨植骨,其余病例均未植骨。术后即开始膝关节非负重功能锻炼。结果患者截骨端均愈合,愈合时间平均为4个月,平均矫正角度为14°,术后双下肢力线片的胫骨近端内侧角或股骨远端外侧角与健侧对比相差约3°。结论外固定架临时固定、微创截骨、快速矫正畸形、最终使用髓内针或锁定钢板内固定具有容易调节、精确矫正畸形、固定稳定和无需植骨等优点,是治疗膝关节干骺端内翻或外翻畸形的一种可靠方法 。     

关于统计学符号使用的说明

1　膝关节周围截骨术在正常情况下 ,下肢的机械轴线是由股骨头中心 ,经膝关节中心至踝关节中心 ,膝关节内侧间隙约承受 65 %的负重 ,外侧间隙承受约 40 %的负重 ;股骨和胫骨外翻 5°～ 7°。在膝关节内翻畸形时 ,应力主要通过膝关节内侧间隙 ,而外翻畸形时通过外侧间隙 ,同时可伴有侧副韧带的牵张和挛缩。截骨的目的是通过改变下肢的应力轴线 ,减轻膝关节疼痛。1.1　病例选择　 1年龄 :<60岁。 Insall曾报道 60岁以上的患者采用截骨术 ,优良率为 5 2 % ,而 60岁以下者为 74%。 2膝关节活动范围 :患膝有 90°以上的屈伸度 ,屈曲畸形 <10°。…     

膝关节清理加胫骨高位截骨治疗内翻型膝骨性关节炎46例临床分析

1996年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 1月 ,我们应用膝关节清理加胫骨高位截骨治疗内翻型膝骨性关节炎 4 6例 ,经 1～ 3 5年随访 ,效果满意。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　本组男 13例 (15膝 ) ,女 33例 (39膝 ) ,年龄 4 6～ 6 9岁 ,平均 6 0 2岁。均接受过半年以上的按摩、理疗、关节内药物注射及中西药物治疗 ,但效果不明显。负重位Ｘ线片示关节间隙内侧狭窄 ,关节面缺损 ,深度 <5ｍｍ ,外侧间隙基本正常 ;膝关节活动度 >90°。1 2　截骨角度的术前设计　股骨解剖纵轴线与膝关节面正常时有 5°～ 8°的外翻角 ,按手术要求还需过度矫正 3…     

胫骨近端反旋截骨术在严重胫骨外旋畸形患者人工全膝关节置换术中的应用

目的：观察胫骨近端反旋截骨术在严重胫骨外旋畸形患者人工全膝关节置换术（ TKR）中的应用效果及安全性。方法对8例严重胫骨外旋畸形的患者（8个膝关节）行初次胫骨近端反旋截骨术和TKR,术前及术后1 a评定膝关节美国特种外科医院标准（ HSS）得分和膝关节功能得分,随访2 a观察并发症发生情况。结果手术前后膝关节HSS得分分别为（29．25±7．80）、（69．63±15．35）分,膝关节功能得分分别为（43．13±16．86）、（72．38±8．72）分,两两比较P均＜0．05。随访2 a,均无明显假体不适感和近远期手术并发症,均无需行关节翻修术。结论胫骨近端反旋截骨术用于严重胫骨外旋畸形患者TKR中效果良好、安全性高。     

后侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折临床观察

目的探讨后侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折的临床效果。方法对52例胫骨平台后柱骨折患者经后侧入路手术治疗。术后观察切口及骨折愈合情况,记录完全负重时间。术后即刻及6、12个月检测膝关节愈合参数、膝关节活动度。术后12个月采用膝关节功能Rasmussen评分、HSS评分评价膝关节功能,计算其优良率。结果所有患者术后手术切口一级愈合,无软组织坏死及感染发生,无骨不连及畸形愈合,无内固定松动、断裂发生。骨折愈合时间(12.5±2.5)周,达到完全负重时间(17.6±3.5)周。膝关节功能Rasmussen评分优良率84.62%(44/52),膝关节功能HSS评分优良率为86.54%(45/52)。术后即刻及6、12个月,患者膝关节愈合参数及膝关节活动度稳定(P均>0.05)。结论后侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折疗效可靠,术后膝关节功能恢复良好。     

股骨远端开放楔形截骨术治疗青少年创伤性膝外翻畸形13例

目的 观察股骨远端外侧开放楔形截骨术治疗青少年创伤性膝外翻畸形的效果。方法 13例青少年创伤性膝外翻畸形患者,均行股骨远端开放楔形截骨术治疗,对比观察患者术前及术后6个月时股胫角、股骨远端机械轴外侧角、膝关节活动度、膝关节特殊外科医院（HSS）评分、双下肢长度差、膝关节Stevens分区,评价手术效果。术后12个月观察患者骨折愈合情况及不良事件发生情况。结果 与术前相比,13例患者术后6个月股胫角变大、股骨远端机械轴外侧角变大、膝关节活动度大、膝关节HSS评分高、双下肢长度差小（P均<0.05）。术后12个月13例患者Stevens膝关节分区下肢机械轴均位于±1区。术后12个月13例患者均骨折愈合,其中切口延迟愈合1例、钢板刺激髂胫束1例。骨折愈合率100%,不良事件发生率15.4%。结论 股骨远端开放楔形截骨术治疗青少年创伤性膝外翻畸形效果较好,且并发症少。     

老年膝内翻关节置换治疗胫骨内侧骨缺损的临床效果

目的探讨老年膝内翻畸形人工膝关节置换术(TKA)中胫骨内侧骨缺损的修复方法和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析该院关节外科2007年5月至2013年6月收治的资料较完整的48例(53膝)老年膝内翻畸形并胫骨内侧骨缺损患者,术中采用加大胫骨截骨量(胫骨截骨组)、骨水泥充填螺钉加强(水泥充填组)、自体骨移植(骨移植组)修复胫骨内侧骨缺损。对手术情况、术后影像学、术后并发症及膝关节评测量表(KSS)评分等进行分析,以评定临床疗效。结果 53膝均获完整随访,随访6~24个月,平均15个月,有3膝出现植骨不愈合,1膝骨水泥断裂、松动,4膝假体下沉,2膝出现膝关节不稳,1膝出现深静脉血栓。胫骨截骨组KSS评分由术前(38.17±5.26)分提高至末次随访时的(85.71±4.47)分,优良率达87.5%;水泥充填组KSS评分由术前(36.56±4.15)分提高至末次随访时的(90.14±5.01)分,优良率达92.7%;骨移植组KSS评分由术前(37.27±4.92)分提高至末次随访时的(92.86±3.47)分,优良率达93.4%。水泥充填组、骨移植组修复老年患者膝内翻胫骨内侧骨缺损效果良好,术后并发症少。结论采用骨水泥充填螺钉加强或自体骨移植修复老年膝内翻人工关节置换术中胫骨侧骨缺损,疗效满意。     

经关节镜手术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折

目的观察经关节镜手术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床疗效。方法胫骨髁间棘骨折患者36例,均经关节镜施术,用空心拉力螺钉固定（1枚9例、2枚27例）。结果术后6—60个月骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间为7周;术后3个月Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（90．7±2．3）分,术后6个月为（93．84-2．8）分;关节活动度正常者29例,屈膝活动受限者7例,但均≤15°。结论经关节镜手术治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折具有手术创伤小、操作简便、固定可靠、术后康复快、并发症少等优点。     

缝合手术对老年稳定型内侧半月板ramp损伤患者康复效果的影响

目的探讨缝合手术对老年稳定型内侧半月板ramp损伤患者康复效果的影响。方法选取104例老年稳定型内侧半月板ramp损伤患者,依据随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各52例。两组均采用关节镜下前交叉韧带断裂重建手术治疗,观察组在此基础上行ramp损伤的全内缝合修复术治疗。比较两组国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)评分、Lysholm评分、关节活动度和愈合情况。结果术前两组Lysholm评分和IKDC评分差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);术后6个月两组IKDC评分和Lysholm评分较术前均显著改善,且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0. 05)。术前两组关节活动度差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);术后6个月两组关节活动度较术前均显著改善,且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0. 05)。术后随访6个月内,观察组完全愈合率为94. 24%,部分愈合率为3. 84%,对照组完全愈合率为84. 62%,部分愈合率为7. 69%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论缝合手术能够促进老年稳定型内侧半月板ramp损伤患者术后愈合,改善关节活动度。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.