咸宁市褐家鼠对杀鼠灵的抗药性研究

目的探讨湖北省咸宁市褐家鼠对第一代抗凝血灭鼠剂杀鼠灵的抗药性变化。方法按全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一方法,选择合格的褐家鼠,配制0.005%杀鼠灵毒饵进行无选择性摄食试验。结果咸宁市在2008-2012年期间对褐家鼠开展了5次抗药性监测,试鼠共214只,仅有2008年存活1只,抗药性发生率为2.44%。结论咸宁市褐家鼠对杀鼠灵尚未产生抗性种群,且仍有较高的敏感性,可继续用杀鼠灵防治褐家鼠。     

上海地区家栖鼠对抗凝血杀鼠剂的抗药性现状调查

目的全面掌握上海地区家栖鼠对第一代和第二代抗凝血杀鼠剂的抗性水平,为科学选用化学灭鼠药物提供理论依据。方法按照全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一的无选择性摄毒试验方法,观察死亡时间与致死剂量分布。结果在实验的187只褐家鼠中,未检测到抗杀鼠灵的褐家鼠个体,73只黄胸鼠中8.22%的个体对杀鼠灵产生抗性,小家鼠在供食0.05%杀鼠灵毒饵后在整个实验期限内均死亡;在实验的203只褐家鼠、104只黄胸鼠以及25只小家鼠中,未检测到抗溴敌隆的褐家鼠个体;5.77%的黄胸鼠对溴敌隆产生抗性;小家鼠在供毒0.01%溴敌隆后,整个实验期限内均死亡;家栖鼠摄毒后死亡时间分布多数呈基本正态曲线分布,致死剂量多数偏度系数大于1。结论上海市范围内褐家鼠对杀鼠灵和溴敌隆的抗性水平呈明显的衰退趋势,黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵和溴敌隆的抗性水平稳中有降;小家鼠对杀鼠灵和溴敌隆仍属敏感水平。     

Influence of vitamin K on anticoagulant therapy depends on vitamin K status and the source and chemical forms of vitamin K

Warfarin therapy requires close monitoring to avoid excessive bleeding and to maintain the effective therapeutic concentration assessed with the internationalized ratio (INR). High vitamin K intake can decrease the therapeutic effectiveness of warfarin, while poor vitamin K status appears to increase the sensitivity to small changes in vitamin K intake, especially from supplements. Very large amounts of vitamin K from a single meal with vegetables (400 g of vegetables with 700 to 1500 microg of vitamin K1) can measurably change INR, but occasional typical servings (<100 g) would probably have little lasting impact on INR. Warfarin requirements may change in those altering their intake of dark-green vegetables. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 3 cups/week of dark-green vegetables, which contain about 100 to 570 microg/serving of vitamin K1. Less well-known sources and chemical forms of vitamin K, such as MK-7 in natto (a fermented Japanese product), also measurably influence INR. Additional research is needed in warfarin-treated patients to fully quantify the interactions among various sources and chemical forms of vitamin K, age, genotype, and other factors.     

学龄前儿童膳食营养与缺铁性贫血的关系研究

[目的]探讨学龄前儿童膳食营养与缺铁性贫血(IDA)的关系。[方法]采用配对t检验分析儿童膳食营养与IDA_的关系；采用因子分析和Logistic回归模型分析膳食中营养素与IDA的关系。[结果]贫血儿童与非贫血儿童(动物类 蔬菜 水果类食物)／(谷类 豆类食物)的比值、(蔬菜 水果类)／(谷类 豆类食物)的比值的差别有统计学意义(分别为Z=2．17，P=0．03和Z=2．04，P=0．04)。贫血组儿童两种比值的中位数为1．4l和0．84，P2.5～P97．5为0．43～7．99和0．07～6．03；非贫血组儿童两种比值的中位数为1．57和1．00，P25～P97．5为0．42～10．71B和0．18～6．32，贫血组比值较非贫血组低；贫血组儿童两种比值的Qu-QL为1．34和0．96，而非贫血组儿重为1．21和0．95；贫血组儿童两种比值的QU-QL较非贫血组儿童高，离散度较大。膳食中VitA、VitB2、VitC的摄人越多，患贫血的危险性越低。[结论]学龄前儿重多食动物类食物及蔬菜、水果类食物，且它们与谷类和豆制品类食物必须达到一定的比例。膳食中VitA、VitB2、VitC的摄人越多，患贫血的危险性越低。     

换瓣术后患者华法林依从性与社会支持关系

目的调查机械瓣膜置换术后患者服用华法林的依从性、社会支持现状及两者相关性,为提高患者服药依从性提供理论依据。方法采用中文修订版Morisky服药依从性量表和社会支持量表对156例机械瓣膜置换术后出院患者进行电话回访调查。结果156例患者服用华法林依从性得分为(7.25±0.93)分,88.4%的患者服药依从性处于中等以上水平;患者社会支持总分为(47.07±6.23)分;患者服用华法林依从性与社会支持总分及其3个维度均呈正相关(P<0.05);多元逐步线性回归结果显示,社会支持、年龄、文化程度是患者华法林服药依从性影响因素,其中社会支持影响最大。结论机械瓣膜置换术后患者服用华法林的依从性受其社会支持影响,医护人员应通过针对性干预策略协助患者争取家庭、社会支持以提高其服药依从性。     

前列腺癌标志物与年龄及膳食结构关系

目的 探讨前列腺癌标志物与膳食结构的相关性,研究前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、酸性磷酸酶(PAP)、睾酮(T)和促黄体生成素(LH)与膳食结构在不同年龄组的变化.方法 通过酶联免疫与放射免疫分析法对632份正常男性人群血清中PSA、PAP、T和LH的含量检测,以问卷调查获取饮食习惯信息.结果 肉食组与素食组比较,血清PSA含量分别为(4.54±0.36)和(3.00±0.38)ng/ml;PAP含量分别为(2.046±0.66)和(1.798±0.59)ng/ml;T含量分别为(3.578±3.62)和(4.769±3.670)ng/ml;LH含量分别为(9.414±6.11)和(8.212±6.07)ng/ml.各年龄段与20~39岁组比较,PSA随年龄而增高;各年龄段PAP波动在同一水平;T随年龄增高而下降,LH以40~49岁组增高最为明显,其他各组与对照组比较也有不同程度的增高.结论 膳食结构在前列腺癌的发病中起重要的作用,食用红肉是前列腺癌发病的高危因素.     

褐家鼠对杀鼠灵和溴敌隆抗药性的测定

目的试验观察虹口区城区褐家鼠对第一代抗凝血剂杀鼠灵和第二代抗凝血剂溴敌隆的抗药性发生率,为家栖鼠防治提供依据。方法采用0.005%杀鼠灵毒饵和0.005%溴敌隆毒饵进行无选择性摄食试验。结果 0.005%杀鼠灵毒饵,25只褐家鼠未监测到抗药性个体;0.005%溴敌隆毒饵,27只褐家鼠抗药性发生率为3.7%(1/27)。结论在虹口区城区,褐家鼠对第一代抗凝血剂杀鼠灵敏感,但存在对第二代抗凝血剂溴敌隆的抗药性,应加强对灭鼠药物的敏感性监测,科学、合理用药。     

Relationship between sleep pattern and efficacy of calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet in overweight/obese subjects

The association between the sleep pattern and the effectiveness of a calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet in people with overweight/obesity has been investigated in this study. Four hundred and three subjects were provided with a calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet and followed for 9?months. Personal information, including sleep pattern, was obtained at the baseline. Body weight and composition were measured every 3?months. Poor sleepers reported to have significantly (p?p?=?.05). Women who reported sleeping 6–8 or?>8?h/day had an increased probability of losing fat mass than women who reported sleeping <6?h/day (OR?=?4.47, 95% CI: 1.42–14.04, p?=?.010 and OR?=?5.10, 95% CI: 1.15–22.70; p?=?.032, respectively). Our findings confirm that the normal sleep pattern is necessary to maintain body weight and optimal body composition.     

Role of diet in blood glucose response and related health outcomes: summary of a meeting

Consumption of foods that elicit a marked glyce-mic response have been proposed as risk factors for obesity and insulin resistance. A group of experts from around the world participated in a discussion of scientific issues about the role of diet in blood glucose response and related health outcomes. The goal was to determine how diet can best be used to prevent rather than to treat disease. This was an informed discussion rather than a formal, evidence-based review. To resolve debate on this topic, well-controlled research with healthy individuals is needed .     

武汉市褐家鼠和黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵的抗药性研究

目的调查武汉市褐家鼠和黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵的抗药性状况,为制定灭鼠措施提供依据。方法无选择摄食实验测试法。结果褐家鼠和黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵抗药性率分别为0和13.33%,致死剂量分别为25.45和156.16 mg/kg,平均致死天数为7.7和11.1 d。结论武汉市褐家鼠对杀鼠灵未监测到抗药性,少数黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵产生了抗药性,但未出现抗药性种群。     

Relationship between diet and blood pressure in a representative Mediterranean population

Summary. Background: Hypertension is strongly associated with cardiovascular and renal disease. However, despite the efforts made to control hypertension via drug treatment, prevalence of controlled hypertension could be considered low. Aim of the study: We performed the present study to investigate dietary habits among groups with different blood pressure status (normotensive, non-medicated hypertensive, medicated hypertensive) and to analyze the association between blood pressure and intakes of selected nutrients in normotensive and non-medicated hypertensive subjects (n = 1357), and furthermore in those undergoing hypertension drug treatment (n = 210; controlled and non-controlled). Methods: The present cross-sectional, population-based survey (Gerona, Spain) included cardiovascular risk measurements and analysis of dietary intake with corresponding questionnaires. Results: Nutrient intake was similar among groups of different blood pressure status after adjusting for sex, age and energy consumption. Multiple linear regression analysis, after adjustment for several confounders, showed that dietary intake of sodium was directly related to blood pressure. The same was seen for the sodium to potassium ratio and both were independent of hypertension drug treatment. In contrast, an inverse association was observed between blood pressure and dietary calcium intake. Moderate sodium (< 2400 mg Na/d) intake reduced the risk of hypertension by 30 % and 52 % (Odds ratio 0.70; 95 % CI 0.52–0.94, respectively) in normotensive and non-medicated hypertensive subjects. Furthermore, moderate sodium in combination with a calcium intake of more than 800 mg/d reduced the risk of inadequate blood pressure control, by 52 % (Odds ratio 0.48; 95 % CI 0.24–0.95) in subjects undergoing hypertension drug treatment. Controlled hypertension subjects have a significantly higher calcium intake than non-controlled. Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of diet and overall of sodium intake as non-pharmacological approach in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Received: 19 November 2001, Accepted: 20 June 2002     

胃促生长素与高脂饮食诱导大鼠肥胖的关系

目的探讨胃促生长素在高脂饮食诱导大鼠肥胖中的作用。方法采用40只健康雄性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为高脂实验组和基础对照组,分别给予高脂饲料(30只)和基础饲料(10只)喂养12周。实验结束时,将高脂组大鼠根据体重分为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIR)大鼠,观察各组大鼠能量摄入、体重增长情况,比较血浆胃促生长素、血糖、胰岛素及血脂水平的差异;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定胃壁组织胃促生长素前体信使核糖核酸(mRNA)的表达水平。结果DIO大鼠能量摄入、体重增长显著高于DIR和对照组大鼠(P<0.05),而DIR大鼠与对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);DIO大鼠血浆胃促生长素和胃壁胃促生长素前体mRNA的表达水平均低于DIR大鼠和基础对照组(P<0.01)。结论高脂饮食下胃促生长素表达和释放减少与能量摄入过多和肥胖的发生密切相关。     

汞接触水平与工人健康反应的关系

对不同汞接触水平的荧光灯厂生产工人定期健康监护和对生产环境进行定期定点监测汞蒸气浓度，５年动态观察结果表明在０．０４ｍｇ／ｍ３接触水平中，汞中毒发生率为８．１％，汞吸收发生率为７０％。在０．０２ｍｇ／ｍ３接触水平中汞中毒发生率为３．７５％，汞吸收发生率为４３．７５％。在０．０１ｍｇ／ｍ３接触水平中无汞中毒发生，汞吸收发生率为２０．５％。可见汞的慢性毒作用阈浓度为０．０１ｍｇ／ｍ３，与我国现行的汞车间卫生标准一致。     

低蛋白饮食与慢性肾脏病的研究进展

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)是由于肾脏出现不可逆的损伤后出现结构或功能异常,随着疾病进展营养代谢问题日益突出,低蛋白饮食(low protein diet,LPD)作为营养治疗,是慢性肾脏病患者综合治疗的重要环节。就LPD对于CKD治疗的意义、实施中出现的问题及展望进行综述,旨在为慢性肾脏病的营养治疗与管理提供参考。     

A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis

Over the last few decades, studies on the oral microbiome have increased awareness that the balance between the host and the microbial species that coexist in it is essential for oral health at all stages of life. However, this balance is extremely difficult to maintain, and many factors can disrupt it: general eating habits, sugar consumption, tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, and use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. It is now known that alterations in the oral microbiota are responsible for developing and promoting many oral diseases, including periodontal disease. In this context, diet is an area for further investigation as it has been observed that the intake of particular foods, such as farmed animal meat, dairy products, refined vegetable oils, and processed cereals, affects the composition of the microbiota, leading to an increased representation of acid-producing and acid-tolerant organisms and periodontal pathogens. However, little is known about the influence of diet on the oral microbiome and the creation of a suitable microenvironment for the development of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate current knowledge on the role of diet in the oral dysbiosis underlying periodontal disease.     

机械瓣膜置换术后低强度抗凝条件下华法林维持剂量与CYP2C9基因多态相关性研究

目的:探讨性别、年龄、体重、体重指数、瓣膜置换部位以及和CYP2C9基因多态性对机械瓣膜置换术后个体华法林维持剂量的影响。方法:瓣膜置换术后个体根据国际化标准比值(INR)控制在1.5～2.0调整华法林维持剂量,采用PCR-RFLP技术对37例汉族和51例维族换瓣个体以及184例和197例乌鲁木齐地区汉族健康人群和维族体检健康人群进行CYP2C9基因多态性检测。结果:汉族换瓣个体华法林维持剂量(2.47±0.73)mg,维吾尔族换瓣个体华法林维持剂量(3.00±0.99)mg。两族剂量比较有显著性差异,P<0.01。CYP2C9*1*1基因型个体其华法林维持剂量为(2.89±0.93)mg,CYP2C9*1*2基因型个体其华法林维持剂量为(2.92±0.65)mg,CYP2C9*3*3基因型个体其华法林维持剂量为(2.21±0.75)mg,CYP2C9*3*3基因型个体其华法林维持剂量与CYP2C9*1*1和CYP2C9*1*2基因型个体相比,具有显著性差异,P<0.01。性别、年龄、体重、体重指数对换瓣个体华法林维持剂量没有影响,r2=0。CYP2C9基因多态性和瓣膜置换部位对华法林维持剂量有显著性影响,r2分别为0.145和0.077,P=0。结论:CYP2C9基因多态性仅能解释部分个体之间华法林维持剂量的差异,并不能解释民族之间维持剂量的差异。     

低蛋白饮食对3/4期慢性肾脏病患者肾功能及营养状况的影响

目的 评估低蛋白饮食对3/4期慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者肾功能水平及营养状况的影响.方法 将34例3/4期CKD患者随机分为A组(n=14)和B组(n=20),分别给予0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) 和0.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)蛋白质摄入量,对两组患者个体化跟踪指导6个月,测定治疗前后人体测量指标及血生化指标,进行人体营养状况整体评价和24 h膳食回顾调查.结果 A组治疗后血肌酐值水平明显下降(P=0.010),白蛋白水平明显升高(P=0.042),热能(P=0.018)和碳水化合物(P<0.001)的摄入均较治疗前明显提高.通过营养干预,整体、A组和B组患者营养不良发生率比治疗前分别下降了14.7%、7.2%和21.1%.结论 0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)蛋白质摄入量及用小麦淀粉代替部分主食的饮食方案可明显提高3/4期CKD患者碳水化合物和热能的摄入量,改善其营养状况和肾功能.     

饮食与慢性低度炎症关系研究进展

慢性低度炎症是一种非特异性、慢性、持续低度的炎症病理状态,常出现于肥胖、糖尿病、高血压及冠心病等疾病中,并在这些疾病的发病机制中起着一定的作用;近年来研究表明饮食在调节慢性低度炎症方面具有重要作用,本文就常见膳食及其成分种类与慢性低度炎症之间的关系进行综述,旨在通过调节饮食来改善慢性低度炎症的水平,从而为减少相关疾病的发生提供新思路。