甲基转移酶3B基因在胰腺癌中的表达

目的检测胰腺癌组织中甲基转移酶3B（DNMT3B）基因表达,分析其与胰腺癌临床病理参数的关系。方法应用实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测42例胰腺癌组织及相应癌旁组织、10例正常胰腺组织中DNMT3B mRNA和蛋白表达。结果胰腺癌组织、癌旁组织和正常胰腺组织DNMT3B mRNA表达量分别为9．4±5．9、1．02±0．71和0,相差非常显著（P〈0．05）;DNMT3B蛋白表达阳性率分别为83．3％、14．3％和10．0％,相差也非常显著（P〈0．01）。DNMT3B mRNA表达与临床分期、肿瘤分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;DNMT3B蛋白表达与肿瘤的部位、淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;DNMT3B mRNA和蛋白表达均与年龄、性别、神经浸润、肿瘤大小、血CEA和CA19—9浓度无关。结论胰腺癌DNMT3B mRNA和蛋白高表达提示胰腺癌已发生淋巴结转移,预后较差。     

B7-H1 is up-regulated in HIV infection and is a novel surrogate marker of disease progression

The ligation of programmed death-ligand 1 (B7-H1) to T cells results in the preferential production of interleukin 10 (IL-10). We investigated if B7-H1 would be up-regulated in HIV infection, a disease characterized by increased IL-10 production, by measuring B7-H1, B7-1 (CD80), and B7-2 (CD86) expression and mRNA in 36 HIV-infected patients and in 22 healthy controls (HCs). Results showed that (1) B7-H1 expression and mRNA are augmented in cells of HIV patients; (2) increased IL-10 production in these patients is largely induced by B7-H1-expressing CD14(+) cells; (3) an inverse correlation is detected between B7-H1 expression and CD4 counts, whereas the up-regulation of B7-H1 is directly associated with HIV plasma viremia; (4) antiviral therapy results in the parallel down modulation of IL-10 production and B7-H1 expression/synthesis; and (5) B7-H1/CD80 and B7-H1/CD86 mRNA ratios are increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV patients compared with HCs. B7-H1 synthesis and expression are up-regulated in HIV infection, and the degree of dysregulation correlates with the severity of disease. Aberrant antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that exhibit increased B7-H1 expression and IL-10 production in HIV infection could be responsible for T-lymphocyte unresponsiveness and loss of protective immunity. B7-H1 is a surrogate marker potentially involved in AIDS disease progression.     

甲基转移酶3B基因在胰腺癌中的表达

目的 检测胰腺癌组织中甲基转移酶3B(DNMT3B)基因表达,分析其与胰腺癌临床病理参数的关系.方法 应用实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测42例胰腺癌组织及相应癌旁组织、10例正常胰腺组织中DNMT3B mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 胰腺癌组织、癌旁组织和正常胰腺组织DNM33B mRNA表达量分别为9.4±5.9、1.02±0.71和0,相差非常显著(P<0.05);DNMT3B蛋白表达阳性率分别为83.3%、14.3%和10.0%,相差也非常显著(P<0.01).DNMT3B mRNA表达与I临床分期、肿瘤分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);DNMT3B蛋白表达与肿瘤的部位、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.01或P<0.05);DNMT3B mRNA和蛋白表达均与年龄、性别、神经浸润、肿瘤大小、血CEA和CA19-9浓度无关.结论 胰腺癌DNMT3B mRNA和蛋白高表达提示胰腺癌已发生淋巴结转移,预后较差.     

Relationship between co-stimulatory molecule B7-H3 expression and gastric carcinoma histology and prognosis

AIM:To investigate the expression of co-stimulatorymolecule B7-H3 in gastric carcinoma and adenomatissue as well as normal gastric tissue and to explore therelationship between B7-H3 expression and pathologicalfeatures and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS:B7-H3 expression was detected in 102samples of human gastric carcinoma and 10 samples ofgastric adenoma and 10 samples of normal gastric tissueby immunohistochemical assay.Correlation betweenthe expression of B7-H3 and the patients'age,sex,gastric carcinoma locus,tumor size,tissue type,tumorinfiltration depth,differentiation degree,lymph nodemetastasis,and survival time was analyzed.RESULTS:B7-H3 was expressed in all gastric adenomasamples and in 58.8% samples of gastric carcinoma.B7-H3 expression in gastric carcinoma samples wasnot related with the patients'age,sex,lymph nodemetastasis,and tumor size(P>0.05),but with thesurvival time,infiltration depth of tumor and tissue type.CONCLUSION:Detection of B7-H3 expression in gastriccarcinoma tissue is beneficial to the judgment of theprognosis of gastric carcinoma patients and the choice oftreatment.     

高迁移率族蛋白1蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的　研究胰腺癌 (PC)组织中高迁移率族蛋白 1(High mobility group box1,HMGB1)蛋白表达 ,并探讨其与癌分化程度、肿瘤大小、浸润、淋巴及血道转移的关系。方法　用免疫组织化学SABC方法 ,检测 73例胰腺癌组织、10例癌旁组织、6例正常胰腺组织 HMGB1蛋白表达。结果　HMGB1在胰腺癌中呈强阳性表达 (76 .7% ) ,在癌旁组织中仅有微弱表达 ,正常胰腺组织无表达 ;HMGB1的阳性率与癌分化程度无关 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;与肿瘤的大小、浸润、淋巴及血道转移呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 HMGB1在胰腺癌中呈强阳性表达 ,可作为胰腺癌生长、转移及预后的重要判定指标。     

Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target

Expression of B7-H1, a costimulating glycoprotein in the B7 family, is normally restricted to macrophage-lineage cells, providing a potential costimulatory signal source for regulation of T cell activation. In contrast, aberrant expression of B7-H1 by tumor cells has been implicated in impairment of T cell function and survival, resulting in defective host antitumoral immunity. The relationship between tumor-associated B7-H1 and clinical cancer progression is unknown. Herein, we report B7-H1 expression by both renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors of the kidney and RCC tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In addition, our analysis of 196 clinical specimens reveals that patients harboring high intratumoral expression levels of B7-H1, contributed by tumor cells alone, lymphocytes alone, or tumor and/or lymphocytes combined, exhibit aggressive tumors and are at markedly increased risk of death from RCC. In fact, patients with high tumor and/or lymphocyte B7-H1 levels are 4.5 times more likely to die from their cancer than patients exhibiting low levels of B7-H1 expression (risk ratio 4.53; 95% confidence interval 1.94-10.56; P < 0.001.) Thus, our study suggests a previously undescribed mechanism whereby RCC may impair host immunity to foster tumor progression. B7-H1 may prove useful as a prognostic variable for RCC patients both pre- and posttreatment. In addition, B7-H1 may represent a promising target to facilitate more favorable responses in patients who require immunotherapy for treatment of advanced RCC.     

B7-H1 expression is associated with expansion of regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression of B7-H1 in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to define its regulating effects on T cells in tumor microenvironment.METHODS: One hundred and two paraffin blocks and 33 fresh samples of CRC tissues were subject to this study. Immunohistochemistry was performed for B7-H1 and CD3 staining in CRC tissues. Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells of fresh CRC tissues; flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were used for detection of regulatory T cells. Data was analyzed with statistical software.RESULTS: Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 was found strongly expressed in CRC tissues, localized in tumor cell membrane and cytoplasm, while weak or none expression of B7-H1 was detected in pared normal colorectal tissues. Meanwhile, CD3 positive T cells were found congregated in CRC tumor nest and stroma. Statistic analysis showed that B7-H1 expression level was negatively correlated to the total T cell density in tumor nest (P < 0.0001) and tumor stroma (P = 0.0200) of 102 cases of CRC tissues. Among the total T cells, a variable amount of regulatory T cells with a clear Foxp3⁺ (forkhead box P3) staining could be detected in CRC tissues and patients’ blood. Interestingly, in the 33 samples (15 cases of B7-H1^high CRC tissues and 18 cases of B7-H1^low CRC tissues) of freshly isolated mononuclear cells from CRC tissues, the percentages of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ and CD8⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells were found remarkably higher in B7-H1^high CRC tissues than in B7-H1^low CRC tissues (P = 0.0024, P = 0.0182), indicating that B7-H1 expression was involved in proliferation of regulatory T cell. No significant difference was found in CRC peripheral blood (P = 0.0863, P = 0.0678). PD-1 is the specific ligand for B7-H1 pathway transferring inhibitory signal to T cell, which is expressed by activated T cell. Our further analysis of PD-1 expression on T cells in CRC tissues showed that conventional T cells (CD4⁺Foxp3^-/CD8⁺Foxp3^-), which was thought to contribute to the anti-tumor immune response, highly expressed PD-1; while regulatory T cells (CD4⁺Foxp3⁺/CD8⁺Foxp3^-) almost failed to express PD-1. The average percentage of PD-1 expression on regulatory T cells was significantly higher than the percentage of PD-1 on conventional T cells (CD4⁺Foxp3^- T cell, P < 0.0001; CD8⁺Foxp3^- T cell, P < 0.0001). The diverse expression of PD-1 might lead to different fate of T cell subsets in B7-H1 over-expression CRC tumor microenvironment.CONCLUSION: B7-H1 expression in tumor cells can inhibit the conventional T cell proliferation in tumor microenvironment through the PD-1 expression on conventional T cells.     

Midkine在胰腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨人胰腺癌组织中Midkine（MK）的表达及其与肿瘤细胞增殖的关系和意义。方法 免疫组织化学SP法检测49例胰腺癌、13例慢性胰腺炎及15例正常胰腺组织中MK和Ki67蛋白的表达。结果胰腺癌组织中MK和Ki67均高表达，阳性率分别为77．1％（35／49）、81．6％（40／49），二者的表达都与肿瘤组织学分级、临床分期和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）。胰腺癌组织中Ki67表达显著高于慢性胰腺炎（3／13，P〈0．01）和正常胰腺组织（0／15，P〈0．01）。慢性胰腺炎和正常胰腺组织中未见MK阳性表达。胰腺癌组织中MK蛋白的表达与Ki67的表达呈正相关（r-0．4，P〈0．05）。结论 检测MK蛋白对于胰腺癌的诊断及与慢性胰腺炎的鉴别诊断具有参考价值。MK在胰腺癌中高表达可能与肿瘤的发生发展及细胞增殖密切相关。     

Expression of B7-H4 and hepatitis B virus X in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of B7-H4 and hepatitis B virus X(HBx) protein in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC).METHODS: The expression of B7-H4 in the human HCC cell lines Hep G2 and Hep G2.2.15 were detected by western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. The expression of B7-H4 and HBx in 83 HBV-HCC was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Paraffin sections were generated from 83 HBV-HCC patients(22 females and 61 males) enrolled in this study. The age of these patients ranged from 35 to 77 years, with an average of 52.5 ± 11.3 years. All experiments were approved by the Ethics Committees of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.RESULTS: B7-H4 was significantly upregulated in Hep G2.2.15 cells compared to Hep G2 cells. Specifically, the protein expression of B7-H4 in the lysates of Hep G2 cells was more than that in Hep G2.2.15 cells. In addition, HBx was expressed only in Hep G2.2.15 cells. Similar data were obtained by flow cytometry. The positive rates of B7-H4 and HBx in the tissues of 83 HBV-HCC patients were 68.67%(57/83) and 59.04%(49/83), respectively. The expression of HBx was correlated with tumor node metastases(TNM) stage, and the expression of B7-H4 was positively correlated with HBx(rs = 0.388; p 0.01). The expression level of B7-H4 in HBx-positive HBV-HCC tissues was substantially higher than that in HBx-negative HBV-HCC tissues. The expression level of B7H4 was negatively related to tumor TNM stage.CONCLUSION: Higher expression of HBx and B7-H4 was correlated with tumor progression of HBV-HCC, suggesting that B7-H4 may be involved in facilitating HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis.     

Decreased expression of B7 costimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex class-I in human hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We analyzed the expression of antigen-processing and antigen-presenting molecules in surgically resected fresh samples of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue to elucidate a mechanism of immune escape. We also examined the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 protein, which might act to downregulate expression of antigen-processing and antigen-presenting molecules. METHODS: Twenty-eight HCC samples obtained by surgical resection were analyzed for the expression of beta2-microglobulin, heat-shock protein (HSP)-70, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I, CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2) and IL-10 by immunostaining. RESULTS: Beta2-microglobulin and HSP-70 were preserved in all samples. In contrast, the expression of HLA class-I molecules was significantly reduced according to lowering in the histological grading of tumor differentiation (P = 0.024). Furthermore, B7-1 and B7-2 expression was reduced in tumor cells compared with corresponding areas of liver tissue without malignant involvement irrespective of the histological grading of tumors (21% and 36%, respectively). Although IL-10 protein was expressed in 54% of HCC, no relationship between the expression of IL-10 and downregulation of B7-1, B7-2, and HLA class-I was evident. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the potential role of B7 co-stimulatory molecules and HLA class-I molecules in facilitating HCC escape from immune surveillance without the involvement of IL-10.     

CYP7B expression and activity in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: regulation by proinflammatory cytokines

OBJECTIVE: The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP7B catalyzes the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into 7alpha-hydroxy-DHEA (7alpha-OH-DHEA). This metabolite can stimulate the immune response. We previously reported that the severity of murine collagen-induced arthritis is correlated with CYP7B messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and activity in the arthritic joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial samples and the cytokine regulation of CYP7B activity in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The presence of 7alpha-OH-DHEA was examined in synovial biopsy tissues, synovial fluid, and serum by radioimmunoassay. The effect of cytokines on CYP7B mRNA expression and CYP7B activity in FLS was examined by determining the formation of the CYP7B enzyme product 7alpha-OH-DHEA with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The CYP7B enzyme product 7alpha-OH-DHEA was found in synovial biopsy tissues, synovial fluid, and serum from RA patients. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, and IL-17 up-regulated CYP7B activity in an FLS cell line 2-10-fold. Enhanced CYP7B activity was correlated with an increase in CYP7B mRNA. The cytokine transforming growth factor beta inhibited CYP7B activity. Moreover, CYP7B activity was detected in 10 of 13 unstimulated synovial fibroblast cell lines. Stimulation with TNFalpha increased CYP7B activity in all cell lines tested. CONCLUSION: Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in RA patients.     

B7-H1 costimulation preferentially enhances CD28-independent T-helper cell function

B7-H1 is a recently described B7-like molecule that costimulates T-cell growth and cytokine secretion without binding to CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and inducible costimulator (ICOS). In this report, a mouse homologue of human B7-H1 is identified, and its immunologic functions are studied in vitro and in vivo. Mouse B7-H1 shares 69% amino acid homology to the human counterpart. Similar to human B7-H1, mouse B7-H1 can be induced to express on macrophages, T cells, and B cells and to enhance T-cell proliferation and secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but not IL-2 and IL-4. Furthermore, B7-H1 preferentially costimulates CD4+ T cells independently of CD28 and enhances mixed lymphocyte responses to allogeneic antigens. In contrast to B7-1, expression of B7-H1 on murine P815 tumor cells by transfection fails to increase allogeneic and syngeneic cytolytic T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Administration of B7-H1Ig fusion protein, however, enhances keyhole limpet hemocyanin- specific T-cell proliferation and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-specific immunoglobulin G2a antibody production. The study thus identifies a unique costimulatory pathway that preferentially affects T-helper cell functions.     

小干扰RNA沉默巨噬细胞移动抑制因子基因对肝癌细胞p27表达的影响

目的 观察巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和细胞周期调控因子p27在肝细胞癌中表达的相互关系,探讨小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默MIF基因对肝癌细胞p27表达的影响.方法 免疫组织化学法和荧光定量PCR法检测MIF、p27的蛋白和mRNA在肝癌及其癌旁组织中的表达情况.化学合成MIF siRNA和对照siRNA,脂质体法转染肝癌细胞PLC和Hep3B,荧光定量PCR法检测MIF和p27 mRNA在实验组及对照组中的表达情况.根据不同资料分别采用X2检验、Logistic回归分析或单因素方差分析.结果 MIF蛋白及其mRNA在肝癌组织中过表达,在癌旁组织中低表达;p27蛋白及其mRNA在癌组织中低表达,在癌旁组织中高表达.Logistic回归分析提示MIF为肝癌发生的危险因素,p27为保护因素.MIF mRNA在肝癌细胞株中过表达(F=61.036,P＜0.01),p27 mRNA在正常肝细胞L02中高表达(F=529.853,P＜0.01).经MIFsiRNA转染后,MIF mRNA在PLC及Hep3B中的表达水平降低,并且呈剂量依赖关系(F值分别为320.1和201.2,P值均＜0.01);p27 mRNA伴随MIF mRNA的降低而增加(F值分别为419.4和459.9,P值均＜0.01).结论 MIF在肝细胞癌中过表达,MIF siRNA能特异性抑制其在肝癌细胞中的表达;MIF可能参与了p27基因表达的调控.     

胰腺癌HMGB1表达及其与血行转移的关系研究

目的 探讨人胰腺癌高迁移率族蛋白B1(hiish mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)表达及其与血行转移的关系.方法 应用Western blot法检测68例胰腺癌患者、18例CP和21例健康者血清HMGB1水平,并对其中37例胰腺癌患者手术前后的血清HMGB1水平进行比较;应用免疫组织化学法检测67例胰腺癌组织HMGB1和CD31的表达.结果 胰腺癌、CP及健康者血清HMGB1水平分别为(119.7±54.5)ng/ml、(40.2±25.5)ng/ml和(13.1±4.3)ng/ml,相差非常显著(P<0.001).胰腺癌患者术后血清HMGB1水平为(69.3±5.1)ng/ml,显著低于术前的(120.2±8.2)ng/ml(P<0.001).胰腺癌组织HMGB1表达阳性率为43.6%,HMGB1表达与组织分化、TNM分期及转移有关,P均<0.01;HMGB1表达与血管密度呈显著正相关(r=0.76,P<0.0001),免疫组化显示,HMGB1表达阳性的肿瘤细胞多位于有腔血管周围,位于血管内的肿瘤细胞HMGB1阳性表达率为71%.结论 胰腺癌患者HMGB1呈高表达,表达HMGB1的肿瘤细胞易于进入血管内,与其血行转移有关.     

B7-H4 expression in renal cell carcinoma and tumor vasculature: associations with cancer progression and survival

B7-H4 is a recently described B7 family coregulatory ligand that has been implicated as an inhibitor of T cell-mediated immunity. Although expression of B7-H4 is typically limited to lymphoid cells, aberrant B7-H4 expression has also been reported in several human malignancies. To date, associations of B7-H4 with clinical outcomes for cancer patients are lacking. Therefore, we examined B7-H4 expression in fresh-frozen tumor specimens from 259 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with nephrectomy between 2000 and 2003 and performed correlative outcome analyses. We report that 153 (59.1%) RCC tumor specimens exhibited B7-H4 staining and that tumor cell B7-H4 expression was associated with adverse clinical and pathologic features, including constitutional symptoms, tumor necrosis, and advanced tumor size, stage, and grade. Patients with tumors expressing B7-H4 were also three times more likely to die from RCC compared with patients lacking B7-H4 (risk ratio = 3.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.51-6.14; P = 0.002). Additionally, 211 (81.5%) specimens exhibited tumor vasculature endothelial B7-H4 expression, whereas only 6.5% of normal adjacent renal tissue vessels exhibited endothelial B7-H4 staining. Based on these findings, we conclude that B7-H4 has the potential to be a useful prognostic marker for patients with RCC. In addition, B7-H4 represents a target for attacking tumor cells as well as tumor neovasculature to facilitate immunotherapeutic treatment of RCC tumors. Last, we demonstrate that patients with RCC tumors expressing both B7-H4 and B7-H1 are at an even greater risk of death from RCC.     

The role of leukemia-derived B7-H1 (PD-L1) in tumor-T-cell interactions in humans

OBJECTIVE: Expression of the B7 homolog B7-H1 (PD1-Ligand) has been proposed to enable tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. Recently, B7-H1 on murine leukemia cells was reported to mediate resistance to cytolytic T-cell destruction. We here investigate the expression and function of the B7 homolog B7-H1 in human leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Leukemia cells from 30 patients and 9 human leukemia cell lines were investigated for B7-H1 expression by flow cytometry. Functional relevance of B7-H1 for tumor-immune interactions was assessed by coculture experiments using purified, alloreactive CD4 and CD8 T cells in the presence of a neutralizing anti-B7-H1 antibody. RESULTS: Significant B7-H1 expression levels on leukemia cells were detected in 17 of 30 patients and in eight of nine cell lines. In contrast to various other tumor entities and the data reported from a murine leukemia system, no significant inhibitory effect of leukemia-derived B7-H1 on CD4 and CD8 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2), proliferation or expression of T-cell activation markers (ICOS, CD69) was observed. Furthermore, in the presence of neutralizing B7-H1 antibody (mAb 5H1) occurred no significant changes in T cell IFN-gamma or IL-2 production or proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that leukemia-derived B7-H1 seems to have no direct influence on T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in humans. Further experiments are warranted to delineate factors and characterize yet-unidentified B7-H1 receptor(s) that determine inhibitory and stimulatory functions of B7-H1 in human leukemia.     

Expression of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L) 1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and inducible costimulator ligand on human respiratory tract epithelial cells and regulation by respiratory syncytial virus and type 1 and 2 cytokines

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with wheezing illness, and infections can occur repeatedly throughout life. We hypothesized that RSV infection of respiratory tract epithelial cells up-regulates B7 molecules that regulate memory immune responses and that type 1 and 2 cytokines differentially modulate this induction. METHODS: We used flow-cytometric analysis to investigate programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L) 1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOS-L) expression on tracheal (NCI-H292), bronchial (BEAS-2B), and alveolar (A549) epithelial cells; regulation of this expression by RSV, interferon (IFN)- gamma , and interleukin (IL)-4; and the effects of IFN-gamma and IL-4 on RSV-induced expression of these molecules. RESULTS: B7-H3 was strongly expressed, PD-L1 and ICOS-L were moderately expressed, and PD-L2 was weakly expressed on unstimulated tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar epithelial cells. RSV infection up-regulated PD-L1, PD-L2, and B7-H3 expression on all cells and ICOS-L expression on bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. IL-4 treatment alone had no effect, whereas IFN-gamma treatment alone increased PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on all cells and decreased B7-H3 expression on bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. On RSV-infected alevolar epithelial cells, IFN-gamma treatment increased PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression and decreased B7-H3 and ICOS-L expression, and IL-4 treatment increased PD-L2 and B7-H3 expression and decreased ICOS-L expression. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory tract epithelial cells express a wide range of B7 molecules. RSV infection increases their expression, and this expression is differentially regulated by IFN-gamma and IL-4. These processes may be involved in decreasing T cell antiviral immune responses to RSV and in RSV-associated wheezing.     

胰腺癌及胰腺星状细胞中基质细胞衍生因子SDF-1及其受体CXCR4的表达

目的 检测基质细胞衍生因子(SDF-1)及其受体CXCR4在胰腺癌组织、细胞株及星状细胞(PSC)中的表达.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法 检测37例胰腺癌及10例癌旁正常胰腺组织SDF-1、CXCR4、α-SMA蛋白表达以及细胞株AsPC-1、PSC的SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达.RT-PCR检测AsPC-1、BxPC3、SW1990及PSC的SDF-1、CXCR4 mRNA表达.结果 37例胰腺癌CXCR4表达(+)8例、(++)20例、(+++)9例;10例癌旁正常胰腺组织CXCR4表达(-)2例、(+)7例、(++)1例,两者差异显著(P<0.01).胰腺癌的间质组织SDF-1的表达高于癌旁间质组织(P<0.01),并随α-SMA表达的增加而增加.胰腺癌细胞株AsPC-1有CXCR4蛋白表达,而PSC有SDF-1蛋白表达.AsPC-1、BxPC3、SW1990细胞株均有CXCR4 mRNA的表达,而无SDF-1 mRNA的表达;PSC有SDF-1 mRNA表达,CXCR4 mRNA微弱表达.结论 胰腺癌组织及细胞系表达CXCR4,PSC表达SDF-1,PSC有可能通过SDF-1/CXCR4轴促进胰腺癌的侵袭转移.     

乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠B7-H1表达水平与免疫耐受的相关性

目的 探讨HBV转基因(Tg)小鼠脾脏树突状细胞(DC)及肝脏B7-H1表达水平与HBV免疫耐受的相关性. 方法 制备小鼠脾脏DC,混合淋巴细胞反应检测其同种抗原刺激能力,流式细胞仪检测DC表面主要组织相容性复合物-Ⅱ(MHC-Ⅱ)及CD80、CD86、B7-H1等共刺激分子表达水平,酶联免疫吸附法检测白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素γ、IL-10水平,逆转录聚合酶链反应法和Western blot法检测肝组织B7-H1表达水平.计量数据组间比较采用f检验.结果 DC和T淋巴细胞比例分别为1:1、1:10、1:100时,HBV Tg小鼠脾脏DC刺激同种小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖数量(每分钟放射细胞数)分别为(865.4±39.3)个、(680.2±34.8)个和(320.0±12.7)个,正常小鼠刺激同种小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖数量分别为(22 385.6±99.7)个,(17 850.6±79.4)个和(760.0±32.1)个,HBV Tg小鼠脾脏DC刺激同种小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖能力明显均弱于正常小鼠DC,t值分别为16.674、19.674和21.712,P值均<0.01,差异有统计学意义.同时,HBV Tg小鼠MHC-Ⅱ,CD80表达下调,而CD86、B7-H1表达差异无统计学意义.HBV Tg小鼠分泌IL-2、干扰素γ、IL-10水平均降低,而HBV Tg小鼠和正常小鼠肝组织表达B7-H1的差异无统计学意义. 结论 HBV免疫耐受与MHC-Ⅱ、CD80下调表达导致的HBV Tg小鼠脾脏DC功能缺陷有关,而与负性共刺激分子B7-H1表达无关.     

DNA甲基转移酶1在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 收集手术切除的30例胰腺癌组织和配对癌旁组织.采用实时定量PCR法检测DNMT1 mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学法检测DNMT1蛋白的表达;分析胰腺癌组织DNMT1蛋白表达强度与临床病理参数之间的关系.结果 胰腺癌组织中DNMT1 mRNA的表达量为2.32(1.17～5.17),显著高于配对癌旁组织的0.78(0.07～3.14,P＜0.05).胰腺癌组织中导管细胞DNMT1蛋白表达阳性率为(54.5±21.2)%,显著高于癌旁组织(10.9±15.0)%的表达阳性率(P＜0.01).以胰腺癌导管细胞DNMT1阳性率54.5%为界,分为高表达组(19例)和低表达组(11例).DNMT1表达强度和临床分期(x2=6.897,P=0.029)、淋巴结转移(x2=4.739,P=0.029)、神经浸润与否(x2=5.44,P=0.020)相关,而与年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化、血清CEA和CA19-9浓度无关.结论 胰腺癌组织DNMT1 mRNA和蛋白表达明显增加,DNMT1蛋白表达强度与胰腺癌的侵袭力、淋巴结转移和神经浸润相关.