High mortality in orthotopic liver transplant recipients who require hemodialysis

Zand MS, Orloff MS, Abt P, Patel S, Tsoulfas G, Kashyap R, Jain A, Safadjou S, Bozorgzadeh A. High mortality in orthotopic liver transplant recipients who require hemodialysis.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 213–221. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Acute renal failure is a significant risk factor for death in patients with liver failure. The goal of this study was to analyze the impact of peri‐transplant dialysis on the long‐term mortality of liver transplant recipients. We performed a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of 743 adult liver transplants; patients who received first liver transplants were divided into four groups: those who received more than one dialysis treatment (hemodialysis [HD], continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis [CVVH]) pre‐orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), post OLT, pre‐ and post OLT, and those not dialyzed. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean survival time for patients who were not dialyzed or dialyzed only pre‐OLT. Mean survival times were markedly reduced in patients dialyzed post OLT or both pre‐ and post OLT compared with those never dialyzed. Mortality risk in a Cox proportional hazards model correlated with hemodialysis post OLT, intra‐operative vasopressin or neosynephrine, donor age >50 yr, Cr >1.5 mg/dL at transplant, and need for subsequent retransplant. Risk of post‐OLT dialysis was correlated with pre‐OLT dialysis, intra‐operative levophed, pre‐OLT diabetes, African American race, pre‐OLT Cr >1.5, and male gender. We conclude that renal failure requiring hemodialysis post liver transplant, irrespective of pre‐transplant dialysis status, is a profound risk factor for death in liver transplant recipients.     

非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效观察

[目的]对使用非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的患者进行临床及影像学随访,探讨其疗效、并发症及其影响因素。[方法]选取2000年3月~2007年11月以来因股骨头缺血性坏死在本院行非骨水泥全髋关节置换术并具有完整临床及影像资料的76例(91髋)患者进行随访。临床随访包括术前术后Harris评分及各种并发症。影像学评估包括双侧髋关节正位、患髋侧位片,判断股骨及髋臼假体的位置及其周围骨质的变化,并测量髋臼内衬线性磨损量。[结果]截至末次随访时,68例(82髋)获得随访,随访率为90.1%,随访时间平均为48.8个月。术前Harris评分平均为42分(5~86分),末次随访时为93分(53~99分),优良率为90.2%。术后1例患者发生与活动相关的大腿痛,影像学上9髋股骨假体发生早期不稳定,14髋发生应力遮挡,5髋发生异位骨化。无假体松动或翻修病例。[结论]非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死疗效确切,但存在一过性大腿痛、应力遮挡、异位骨化、假体磨损等并发症,故需长期随访。     

人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法对行TKA治疗的181例终末期膝关节骨关节炎患者(226膝)分别于手术后40、120、180、360 d进行定期随访观察,对患者HSS膝关节功能评分及膝关节最大活动度进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~2年。膝关节功能HSS评分:优209膝(92.5%),良13膝(5.8%),可3膝(1.3%),差1膝(0.4%),优良率98.2%。术后各时间段的HSS评分及膝关节最大活动度均较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TKA是治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确的手术操作和合理的功能锻炼是取得满意临床效果决定性因素。     

Mental health and outcomes in primary total joint arthroplasty

A consecutive series of 640 total joint arthroplasty patients was interviewed before surgery and at a minimum of 2 years following surgery. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the effect of psychological distress and other patient characteristics on outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Short Form 36, and Quality of Well-Being index). Before and after surgery, distressed subjects had significantly lower scores than nondistressed subjects for most dependent measures (P range, .05 ≤ .001). All mean outcomes improved by follow-up in both groups (P ≤ .001) except mental health scores of nondistressed subjects. Stepwise regression analysis found that low baseline mental health score, non-Hispanic ethnicity, and fewer years since procedure were the strongest predictors of worse Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores at follow-up. Although the magnitude of improvement is similar to nondistressed subjects, distressed patients do not achieve comparable functional and psychosocial outcomes.     

A Complication Profile of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Liver Transplantation Patients: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundThere is an increasing demand for total joint arthroplasty in liver transplantation patients. However, significant heterogeneity in existing studies creates difficulty to draw conclusions on the risk profile of arthroplasty in this population.MethodsA systematic review of the literature dated from 1980 to 2020 describing the complication rates of liver transplantation patients receiving either total hip or knee arthroplasty was conducted. Multiple outcomes were extracted and a meta-analysis was performed. Four cohorts were created for analysis purposes: liver transplant patients undergoing THA and TKA (1), THA only (2), TKA only (3), and controls (4).ResultsA total of 13 studies were included in this meta-analysis, accounting for 3024 liver transplantation patients. The rate of infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, OR = 1.61, OR = 2.52), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.65, OR = 1.75, OR = 1.57), respiratory failure (OR = 2.19, OR = 2.50, OR = 1.96), acute kidney injury (OR = 5.71, OR = 5.40, OR = 4.35), sepsis (OR = 3.72, OR = 3.30, OR = 4.02), and blood transfusions (OR = 2.09, OR = 3.65, OR = 1.74) were all significantly higher in the 3 cohorts compared to the controls. Revision/reoperation rates were significantly higher in cohorts 1 and 3 (OR = 1.52 and OR = 1.62, respectively). Patient-reported outcomes saw improvements in Harris Hip Score, objective Knee Society Score, and functional Knee Society Score postoperatively (average improvement = 32.4, 37.2, and 15.3, respectively).ConclusionLiver transplantation patients functionally benefit from total hip and knee arthroplasty, but at the cost of increased risk of infection, revision/reoperation, and medically related complications compared to controls. Mortality may also be a short-term risk.     

西罗莫司转换在肝移植受者中的应用

目的 西罗莫司是一种新型、高效、低肾毒性的免疫抑制剂.本研究旨在总结肝移植术后免疫抑制剂从普乐可复转向西罗莫司的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析中山大学附属第一医院从2004年1月到2008年1月间肝移植术后免疫抑制剂从普乐可复转向西罗莫司的病例(A组,32例);作为对照,同时分析同期肝移植术后免疫抑制剂从普乐可复转向环孢素的病例(B组,15例).结果 A组的转换成功率为34.5%,B组的转换成功率为46%,二组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组的肾功能在转换后保持正常,而B组的肾功能在转换后4个月出现异常.A组出现了雷帕霉素相关性副作用,但均得到较好控制.结论 肝移植术后,西罗莫司可以替代普乐可复以控制急性排斥反应.     

Noncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty in Sickle-Cell Disease: Long-Term Results

Background

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a well-known sequela of sickle-cell disease (SCD) requiring a surgical intervention that comes with technical challenges.

Outcomes of total hip and knee arthroplasty after cardiac transplantation

The outcomes of 18 primary or revision total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasties (TKA) in 9 patients with cardiac transplants were reviewed. Primary total joint arthroplasties were performed for osteonecrosis (5 hips) or osteoarthritis (5 hips, 4 knees). There were no infections in any of these patients. Final Harris Hip Scores were 71.8 for patients with osteonecrosis and 88.6 for osteoarthritis. Eight of 10 hips were pain-free at final follow-up. Two of the 10 primary THAs required late revision at 7 and 10 years after the index arthroplasty. One patient (2 hips and 1 knee) had chronic bilateral lower extremity pain. Total knee arthroplasty range of motion averaged from 7.5° to 118°. Average final Knee Society function score was 79, and objective score was 88. One of 4 patients with primary TKA required a manipulation under anesthesia. No reoperations were required in this group. Overall, patients with heart transplantations on immunosuppression had generally good pain relief after THA and TKA. There were no infections in this small cohort; however, there were many complications.     

Bipolar hip arthroplasty for avascular necrosis of femoral head in young adults

Background:Bipolar hip arthroplasty (BHA) is one of the options for treatment of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Acetabular erosion and groin pain are the most allowing for gross motion between the common complications. We propose that these complications are secondary to improper acetabular preparation allowing for motion between the BHA head and the acetabulum.Results:The mean followup was 7.52 years (range 4-16 years). The HHS significantly improved from a preoperative value of 39.3 (range, 54-30) to a postoperative value of 89.12 (range 74-96). According to HHS grades, the final outcome was excellent in 52 hips, good in 28 and fair in 16 hips. Hip and groin pain was reported in four hips (5%), but did not limit activity. Subsidence (less than 5 mm) of the femoral component was seen in 8 cases. Subgroup analysis showed patients with Ficat Stage 3 having better range of motion, but similar HHS as compared to Ficat Stage 4 patients.Conclusion:Bipolar hip arthroplasty (BHA) using tight fitting cup and acetabular reaming in AVN hip has a low incidence of groin pain, acetabular erosion and revision in midterm followup. Good outcome and mid term survival can be achieved irrespective of the Ficat Stage.     

Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty

Routine patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty has been debated for decades. The early total knee designs and surgical techniques lead to a high complication rate following patellar resurfacing. This lead to many surgeons abandoning this practice and either leaving the patella unresurfaced routinely or selectively resurfacing. Modern day randomized control trials and meta-analyses of these trials reveal a higher incidience of anterior knee pain and a resultant higher reoperation rate in nonresurfaced patellae. We argue that with modern day designs and surgical techniques, there is a low complication rate to resurfacing and little downside to resurfacing.     

Evaluation of fever in the immediate postoperative period in patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty

Forty percent to 50% of patients may experience an immediate postoperative fever. Research suggests that these are of aseptic cause due to inflammatory mediators. This is a retrospective analysis of fevers in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients from 2006 to 2008. Thirty-six percent of THA and 31% of TKA patients developed a fever, with most developing a maximum temperature on postoperative day (POD) 2. The maximum mean temperature between the THA and TKA group was not significantly different. Fevers in the immediate postoperative period are a normal variant in patients undergoing THA or TKA. Urinalysis, urine culture and sensitivity, and chest x-ray are not required during this period because most of these fevers stem from aseptic causes.     

Total weight loss associated with increased physical activity after bariatric surgery may increase the need for total joint arthroplasty

BackgroundRetrospectively, our institution noticed an increased number of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) after bariatric surgery. Considering that bariatric surgery is a proven modality to reduce osteoarthritic pain, we sought to identify a reason some patients may later require TJA. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that rapid or increased weight loss after bariatric surgery may be a risk factor for TJA.MethodsWeight loss parameters were retrospectively assessed in 15 bariatric surgery patients who subsequently received a primary TJA and compared with matched bariatric controls.ResultsPatients who required a TJA lost 27.9% more of their body mass index (BMI) compared with controls (P = .049). Furthermore, patients who underwent TJA 25–48 months postbariatric surgery lost 78.2% more of their BMI compared with controls (P<.001). Total knee arthroplasty patients lost 43.9% more of their BMI compared with controls (P = .02), and the difference in BMI change for total hip arthroplasty patients was not significant versus controls.ConclusionThese results contradict the tenant that weight loss is universally protective against arthritis and merit larger prospective investigations.     

Comparison of total hip and knee arthroplasty cohorts and short-term outcomes from a single-center joint registry

The purpose of this study was to compare short-term clinical outcomes between total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patient cohorts, adjusting for confounding variables including age, sex, body mass index, operative time, length of stay, and preoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey. A total of 349 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria created 2 cohorts: THA, 194, and TKA, 155, for statistical analysis via multiple regression and analysis of covariance measures. Outcome measures included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey data, collected prospectively at baseline and 2 years of follow-up. The current study showed that baseline characteristics of TKA patients have more factors with negative effect on postoperative outcome than THA. However, despite controlling for the possible confounding effect of these variables, THA patients experienced a significantly better functional outcome than TKA patients.     

Patient expectations predict greater pain relief with joint arthroplasty

We examined the relationship between patient expectations of total joint arthroplasty and functional outcomes. We surveyed 1799 patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty for demographic data and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index scores at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year of follow-up. Patient expectations were determined with 3 survey questions. The patients with the greatest expectations of surgery were younger, male, and had a lower body mass index. Linear regression modeling showed that a greater expectation of pain relief with surgery independently predicted greater reported pain relief at 1 year of follow-up, adjusted for all relevant covariates (P < .05). Patient expectation of pain relief after joint arthroplasty is an important predictor of outcomes at 1 year.     

Outcomes of Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty After Lung Transplantation

Lung transplantation is increasingly common with improving survival rates. Post-transplant patients can be expected to seek total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) to improve their quality of life. Outcomes of 20 primary total joint arthroplasties (15 THA, 5 TKA) in 14 patients with lung transplantation were reviewed. Clinical follow-up time averaged 27.5 and 42.8 months for THA and TKA respectively. Arthroplasty indications included osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and fracture. All patients subjectively reported good or excellent outcomes with a final average Harris Hip Score of 88.7, Knee Society objective and functional score of 92.0. There were 4 minor and 1 major acute perioperative complications. 1 late TKA infection was successfully treated with two-stage revision. The mortality rate was 28.5% (4/14 patients) at an average 20.6 months following but unrelated to arthroplasty. Overall, total joint arthroplasty can be safely performed and provide good functional outcomes in lung transplant recipients.     

全髋置换术治疗晚期髋关节骨关节炎

目的 探讨全髋置换术(THA)治疗晚期髋关节骨关节炎的疗效.方法 对46例(65髋) 晚期髋关节骨关节炎患者行全髋置换术.采用Harris髋评分系统评估临床疗效, X线观察评估股骨侧假体的移位与稳定性.结果 46例均获得随访, 时间1年2个月～5年.术后Harris评分平均为(88±4.0)分,优46髋,良8髋,一般9髋,差2髋,优良率为85%.1例发生移位,经药物治疗后好转.结论 全髋置换术是治疗晚期髋关节骨关节炎的有效方法.     

Thirty-Day Complications in Osteonecrosis Patients Following Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundThirty-day complications in osteonecrosis (ON) patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) are inconsistently reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate (1) the incidence of THA, (2) operative times, (2) length of stay, (3) reoperation rates, (4) readmission rates, and (5) complication rates, in the general vs ON THA populations. We also substratified and compared these cohorts based on ON-specific risk factors.MethodsUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, Current Procedural Terminology code 27130, International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition code 733.42, and a 1:1 propensity score match, a total of 8344 matched ON and non-ON THA patients were identified. ON patients were also substratified based on key risk factors. The above variables were compared between the matched ON and non-ON cohorts as well as for patients with each risk factor using Pearson’s chi-square and Student t-tests.ResultsThe proportion of THAs performed on ON patients decreased by 35% from 2008 to 2015. Mean operative times were constant between the ON and non-ON patients (102 minutes). ON patients had shorter mean length of stay (3.1 vs 3.4 days, P = .002). Of the 17 different 30-day complications evaluated, superficial surgical site infection (1.2% vs 0.6%, P = .004), pneumonia (0.8% vs 0.2%, P = .001), transfusion (15.6% vs 5.4%, P < .001), and readmission (5.1% vs 2.3%, P = .012) were higher among ON patients. ON patients with a history of corticosteroid use, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and smoking were also found to have higher complication rates compared to non-ON patients with the same risk factors.ConclusionThis is one of the first studies to compare postoperative THA outcomes between matched ON vs non-ON patients, while also taking into consideration specific risk factors between the cohorts.     

Vascular injuries after total joint arthroplasty

Vascular injuries, although highly feared, can occur after total joint arthroplasty, often resulting in legal suits. This study evaluates the circumstances related to vascular injuries after joint arthroplasty. Using prospectively collected data on 13,517 patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty at our institution, 16 (0.1%) vascular injuries were identified. Eleven injuries occurred after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 5 after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Indirect injury was the most common mechanism in TKA. In contrast, direct injury was most prevalent in THA. One patient died of complications related to vascular injury. Of 16 patients, 8 (50%) had launched a legal suit against the operating surgeon. There appears to be no further specific measure that can be taken to absolutely avoid this complication. Patient awareness regarding this real problem may play a role in defraying the high likelihood of legal suits associated with this complication.