三氧化二砷对肝癌细胞侵袭转移的影响及机制

目的 探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)抗肝癌侵袭转移的机制.方法 体外培养人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721,将0、1.0、2.0 μmol/L浓度的As2O3作用于SMMC-7721细胞,采用过河实验检测肿瘤细胞体外运动;MTT法观察细胞黏附能力;Transwell体外侵袭转移模型检测细胞迁徙、侵袭能力;并用PCR法检测乙酰肝素酶(HPA)mRNA表达.结果 0、1.0、2.0 μmol/L As2O3作用SMMC-7721细胞后,表现为过河时间延长,细胞黏附抑制率明显上升,过膜细胞数减少(P＜0.01),HPA基因表达量降低(P均＜0.01);且呈剂量依赖性.结论 As2O3可明显抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞黏附、迁徙和侵袭能力,下调HPA mRNA表达,此可能为其抗肿瘤侵袭转移作用的机制之一.     

来那度胺对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞生长的影响

目的探讨来那度胺对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法利用MTS法检测来那度胺对SMMC-7721细胞增殖的影响;实时定量PCR、Western印迹检测来那度胺作用于SMMC-7721细胞后血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达。结果 50μmol/L的来那度胺对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖有抑制作用;实时定量PCR和Western印迹结果显示,以25、50、100μmol/L来那度胺处理SMMC-7721细胞12 h后,VEGF mRNA表达水平显著减低(P<0.05);Western印迹结果表明,25、50、100μmol/L来那度胺处理SMMC-7721细胞24 h后,VEGF蛋白表达水平明显下调(P<0.05)。结论来那度胺可能通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制肿瘤血管生成发挥双重抗肿瘤作用。     

二氢青蒿素体外抑制胃癌细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭

目的 探讨二氢青蒿素(DHA)对人胃癌SGC7901细胞体外黏附、迁移和侵袭的影响及其可能机制.方法 1.25、2.5、5、10、20 μmoL/LDHA作用体外培养的人胃癌SGC7901细胞24 h后,MTT法检测细胞活力;1.25、2.5、5 μmol/L DHA作用人胃癌SGC7901细胞24 h后,细胞黏附分析检测细胞黏附率;细胞划痕实验观察其对细胞迁移能力的影响;Transwell小室侵袭实验观察其对细胞侵袭能力的影响;RT-PCR和Western印迹分别检测ICAM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平.结果 与对照组相比,1.25、2.5、5μmoL/L DHA对SGC7901细胞增殖没有影响,但显著抑制SGC7901细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,且抑制作用具有剂量依赖性.RT-PCR和Western印迹结果显示,与对照组相比,5 μmol/L DHA作用人胃癌SGC7901细胞24 h,细胞内ICAM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P＜0.05),TIMP-2 mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加(P＜0.05).结论 DHA可体外抑制胃癌SGC7901细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,其机制可能与上调TIMP-2的表达,下调ICAM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9的表达有关.     

肝细胞生长因子对肝细胞癌侵袭和转移的影响

目的:研究HGF对肝细胞癌SMMC-7721的上皮-间叶转化的作用,并对其机制进行探讨.方法:HGF处理SMMC-7721后,应用细胞培养、Transwell、划痕实验、WB技术研究HGF对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721上皮-间叶转化的作用.并应用P13 kinase抑制物LY294002 10umol/L顸处理细胞,观察SMMC-7721的变化,研究P13 kinase对于HGF作用机制的影响.结果:Transwell和划痕实验显示HGF处理的细胞侵袭和转移能力增强,蛋白印迹结果显示HGF处理的细胞的N-cad、MMP-2、MMP-9和Vimentin的表达增加,E-cad的表达减少.LY294002预处理后,细胞不再受HGF的影响,细胞的形态没有明显变化.Transwell和划痕实验结果与未经处理的SMMC-7721相同.蛋白印迹结果显示:细胞的N-cad、MMP.2、MMP-9、Vimacntin和E-cad的表达变化不明显.结论:HGF能够促进SMMC-7721的上皮间叶转化,这种作用通过PD Kinase实现.     

和枢消积方通过调节AsTP3正反馈AKT/GSK-3β/mTOR信号通路对人肝癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨和枢消积方通过调节三氧化二砷反式激活蛋白3(AsTP3)对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖、凋亡的作用机制。方法:体外培养SMMC-7721肝癌细胞,采用CCK8法筛选出和枢消积方最适浓度,联合CCK8法与平板克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖,细胞划痕实验及Transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力,流式细胞实验检测细胞凋亡,qRT-PCR检测细胞AsTP3 mRNA水平,Western Blot检测细胞中AsTP3、AKT、GSK-3β、mTOR蛋白相对表达量及磷酸化水平。结果:与对照组比较,和枢消积方能抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及克隆能力,促进SMMC-7721细胞凋亡(P<0.05);和枢消积方可下调SMMC-7721细胞内AsTP3、P-AKT、P-GSK-3β、P-mTOR、Bcl2的mRNA表达及蛋白水平并上调Bax蛋白的表达。结论:和枢消积方能抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖,促进其凋亡,其机制可能与下调AsTP3表达从而抑制AKT/GSK-3β/mTOR信号通路有关。     

肝素酶抑制剂对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移及MMP-2、MMP-9表达的影响

目的探讨肝素酶(Hpa)抑制剂对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的Hpa抑制剂OGT2115作用于结肠癌细胞SW480,噻唑蓝(MTT)检测细胞增殖,计算半数抑制浓度。用半数抑制浓度的OGT2115作用于SW480细胞,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测培养液上清Hpa活性,Western印迹检测细胞MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平。结果 Hpa抑制剂能够呈浓度依赖地抑制结肠癌细胞增殖活力,其半数抑制浓度为(5.82±0.34)μmol/L。6μmol/L的OGT2115作用后结肠癌细胞迁移率从(46.84±3.54)%降至(25.11±1.32)%,侵袭细胞数目从(153.24±11.84)个减少到(96.87±8.26)个,培养液上清Hpa活性明显降低,细胞中MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平明显下降。结论 Hpa抑制剂OGT2115可以抑制结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移和MMP-2、MMP-9表达。     

IL-8对肝癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响及其机制研究

目的探讨白细胞介素-8(IL-8)在肝癌细胞中的表达及其对增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响并分析其可能作用机制。方法采用qRT-PCR与Western blot方法分别检测肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC-7721及正常肝细胞L02中IL-8 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。将IL-8 siRNA转染至HepG2细胞,MTT检测沉默IL-8对HepG2细胞增殖能力的影响,Transwell迁移及侵袭实验检测沉默IL-8对HepG2细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响,采用qRT-PCR与Western blot方法分别检测MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。Western blot法检测沉默IL-8对磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路蛋白表达的影响。HepG2细胞中加入PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制剂(LY294002),观察其对HepG2细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响。结果相较于L02相,肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC-7721中IL-8 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著升高(P 0. 05); HepG2细胞中敲低IL-8后细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力均明显减弱,MMP-2、MMP-9及PI3K、p-AKT表达水平均明显降低;加入LY294002可明显抑制HepG2细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。结论 IL-8可能通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路进而增强肝癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。     

姜黄素调节miR-133a表达对肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响

背景姜黄素对包括肝癌在内的多种肿瘤的发生发展表现出较好的抑制作用,但其抗肝癌的作用机制尚不完全清晰.有研究发现,姜黄素可通过调控miR-133a表达抑制胃癌细胞增殖和转移; miR-133a在肝癌中低表达的结果已有数据证实,但姜黄素是否介导miR-133a表达发挥抗肝癌的作用并不清楚.目的探讨姜黄素调节miR-133a表达对肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响.方法以姜黄素(0、10、20μmol/L)处理肝癌SMMC-7721细胞48 h后, MTT法检测细胞活力, Transwell小室检测细胞的迁移和侵袭; RT-PCR检测细胞中miR-133a表达.采用RT-PCR检测正常肝LO2细胞和肝癌SMMC-7721细胞中miR-133a表达;将miR-133a模拟物转染至SMMC-7721细胞后, Transwell小室检测miR-133a对姜黄素作用前后细胞迁移和侵袭的影响.结果姜黄素能够有效抑制SMMC-7721细胞活力(10μmol/L姜黄素存活率:0.71±0.07 vs 1.02±0.09; 20μmol/L姜黄素存活率:0.45±0.05 vs 1.02±0.09)、迁移(52.32±5.48 vs121.43±12.35)和侵袭(46.33±5.38 vs109.25±10.75),上调miR-133a表达(10μmol/L姜黄素:1.62±0.11 vs 1.00±0.09; 20μmol/L姜黄素:2.96±0.25vs1.00±0.09);与LO2细胞相比,SMCC-7721细胞中miR-133a的表达水平明显降低(0.32±0.03 vs1.03±0.08);上调miR-133a表达后,SMCC-7721细胞的迁移(32.84±3.95 vs 96.35±9.08)和侵袭(42.75±5.06vs119.32±11.71)能力均明显减弱,同时姜黄素对SMCC-7721细胞迁移(29.6±3.32 vs134.62±13.41)和侵袭(31.86±4.05 vs 129.73±12.74)的抑制作用增强.结论姜黄素可通过上调miR-133a表达抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭.     

雌激素对人肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探究雌激素对人肝癌细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响。方法采用普通聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术、Western印迹实验检测肝癌细胞株中雌激素受体(ER)α、ERβ的mRNA和蛋白质的表达情况;细胞增殖实验检测雌激素对肝癌细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测雌激素对肝癌细胞凋亡率的影响;Tunel染色法检测雌激素对肝癌细胞晚期凋亡率的影响;雌激素处理肝癌细胞株后,基因芯片技术检测表达增加的凋亡基因。结果 ERα和ERβ在肝癌细胞株SMMC7721、HepG2、Bel-7404、huh7、MHCC-97L、MHCC-97H、PLC、LM3、SK-HEP-1及Bel-7402中均有表达;不同浓度的雌激素处理肝癌细胞不同时间后,可显著抑制肝癌细胞增殖,且抑制效果存在时间和剂量依赖性;与0.00μmol/L组相比,不同浓度的雌激素(1.25、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00、40.00、80.00和160.00μmol/L)处理HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞24 h、48 h后,HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞的细胞凋亡率增加,存在剂量和时间的依赖性;Tunel结果显示,与0.00μmol/L组相比,10.00μmol/L雌激素处理HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞48 h后,细胞晚期凋亡率均显著增加;20.00μmol/L雌激素处理SMMC-7721细胞48 h后,凋亡基因BAK1、GADD45A、HRK、LTA、TNFRSF-10A均表达增加。结论雌激素对人肝癌细胞具有抑制生长、诱导凋亡的作用。     

miR-129-3p靶向LPAR3调控肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的分子机制

目的探讨miR-129-3p靶向LPAR3调控肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的分子机制。方法 qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测正常肝细胞HL-7702和3种肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、Hep G2和BEL-7402中miR-129-3p和LPAR3的表达情况。构建过表达miR-129-3p的SMMC-7721细胞株,MTT法检测细胞增殖活力,Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,Western blotting检测LPAR3、Cyclin D1、MMP-2、PI3K和AKT蛋白的表达。采用双荧光素酶报告基因法和Western blotting验证miR-129-3p和LPAR3的靶向关系。结果与正常肝细胞相比,肝癌细胞中miR-129-3p的表达显著降低,LPAR3的表达显著升高。过表达miR-129-3p可抑制SMMC-7721的增殖、迁移和侵袭。LPAR3是miR-129-3p的靶基因,miR-129-3p可负性调控LPAR3的表达。过表达LPAR3可部分逆转miR-129-3p对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。miR-129-3p通过调控LPAR3抑制PI3K和AKT蛋白的表达。结论 miR-129-3p通过靶向下调LPAR3抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路活化,进而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.