经腹膜外腹腔镜下前列腺癌改良VIP术式的初步研究

【摘要】　目的　比较分析经腹膜外腹腔镜下前列腺癌改良VIP根治术与经腹膜外腹腔镜下前列腺癌常规根治性切除术经腹膜外腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治性切除术治疗早期前列腺癌的近期临床疗效。方法　选取我徐州医科大学附属医院2017年2月至2019年4月收治的早期前列腺癌患者60例，其中30例经腹膜外行腹腔镜下前列腺癌常规根治性切除术（常规组），30例经腹膜外腹腔镜下行前列腺癌改良VIP根治术（改良组）。比较两组患者的围术期指标及术后尿控、性功能恢复情况，并观察术后并发症发生情况。结果　两组患者手术均获得成功。改良组的手术时间小于常规组[(119.0±22.6)min vs. (159.7±44.4)min]，改良组的住院时间均小于常规组[(9.0±3.4)d vs. (13.9±6.6)d]，差异有统计学意义。改良组患者术后即刻和术后3个月的尿控满意率分别为66.7%、86.7%，高于常规组的20.0%、33.3%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；改良组患者术后3、6个月的性功能正常率分别为60.0%、80.0%，优于常规组的23.1%、38.5%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　于术前尿控、性功能正常的T1～T2期早期局限性前列腺癌，经腹膜外行腹腔镜下前列腺癌改良VIP术是一种安全、有效的手术方式，值得临床推广应用。     

论著前列腺癌根治术中背侧血管复合体免缝扎的技巧和效果总结

目的 探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（LRP）中免缝扎背侧血管复合体（DVC）的技巧和临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析扬州大学附属医院2015年1月至2018年6月由同一术者主刀完成的45例LRP患者资料。其中24例术中缝扎DVC（DVC缝扎组）,21例术中未缝扎DVC（DVC免缝扎组）。结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、手术切缘阳性率、输血率相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞005）。两组术后1周、1个月、3个月的排尿可控率、勃起功能恢复率相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞005）;术后6个月,DVC免缝扎组的排尿可控率（7519％）高于DVC缝扎组（4583％）,DVC免缝扎组的勃起功能恢复率（7143％）高于DVC缝扎组（4167％）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）。结论 改良后的DVC免缝扎技术在LRP中的应用是安全有效的,更有利于术后控尿功能及性功能的早期恢复。     

多因素分析中老年前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的危险因素

目的:多因素分析中老年前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的危险因素。方法:选择我院于2015年1月至2018年12月期间收治的中老年前列腺癌根治术患者100例作为研究对象,观察术后尿失禁发生情况。采用多因素Logistic分析影响中老年前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的危险因素。结果:中老年前列腺癌根治术患者100例中,发生术后尿失禁31例,发生率为31.00%。经单因素分析结果表明,不同BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、合并冠心病、前列腺手术史和手术时间与术后尿失禁发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;年龄＞60岁者术后尿失禁发生率高于年龄≤60岁,术前尿失禁者术后尿失禁发生率高于术前无尿失禁者,术中无保护尿控神经者术后尿失禁发生率高于术后保护尿控神经术者,膀胱功能失代偿者术后尿失禁发生率高于代偿者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。将上述单因素分析差异有统计学意义的纳入多因素Logistic分析表明,年龄＞60岁、术前尿失禁、术中无保护尿控神经和膀胱功能失代偿为影响术后尿失禁危险因素。结论:多因素分析中老年前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的危险因素,为年龄、术前尿失禁、术中保护尿控神经和膀胱功能失代偿,需采取针对性预防措施降低术后尿失禁发生。     

nsELRP术与TVSSLRP术治疗低危前列腺癌术后患者的控尿和勃起功能对比

目的:对比分析腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术(nsELRP)与经膀胱单孔腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(TVSSLRP)治疗低危前列腺癌术后患者的控尿和勃起功能。方法:对我院2016年12月至2018年5月收治的低危前列腺癌患者80例进行随机对照实验,使用随机数字表法将患者分为nsELRP组及TVSSLRP组,nsELRP组患者使用腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术进行治疗,TVSSLRP组患者使用经膀胱单孔腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,比较两组患者术中指标,术后不同时间段控尿率、勃起功能恢复率及手术前后PBI、海绵体血流速度。结果:TVSSLRP组手术时间及术中出血量显著低于nsELRP组;拔除尿管当日、术后1月、3月,TVSSLRP组控尿率显著高于nsELRP组（P＜0.05）,术后6月,两组均完全控尿,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;术后3月、6月,TVSSLRP组勃起功能恢复率显著高于nsELRP组（P＜0.05）,术后1月,两组勃起功能恢复率差异不显著（P＞0.05）;手术前后,两组PBI、海绵体血流速度均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论:TVSSLRP治疗低危前列腺癌,相较nsELRP术,能有效减少患者手术时间及术中出血量,提高患者术后控尿功能及勃起功能,应用价值更大,具有临床推广意义。     

保留部分前列腺的全膀胱切除术治疗浸润性膀胱癌

背景与目的：经典的根治性膀胱切除术将膀胱和前列腺全部切除,术后阳痿和尿失禁发生率高。在肿瘤没有累及前列腺的情况下,根治术中保留部分前列腺可改善术后性功能和控尿功能,但对预后是否有影响尚不清楚。本文报告10例保留部分前列腺的改良全膀胱切除术的经验,阐述改良术式对术后性功能、控尿功能和肿瘤控制的影响。方法：对10例男性浸润性膀胱癌患者,先经尿道电切除部分前列腺,全膀胱切除时保留部分前列腺包囊。下尿路重建采用肠道新膀胱术,新膀胱与残留的前列腺包囊吻合。术后随访评价肿瘤控制、尿液控制和性功能情况。结果：术后病理分期均为T2NOM0。随访3～12个月(平均9个月),9例无瘤生存,l例低分化移行细胞癌患者术后2个月出现全身骨骼及淋巴转移;全部患者自主排尿,完全控尿9例,部分控尿l例;术前有性功能的8例中,术后6例保持阴茎勃起功能。结论：保留部分前列腺的改良全膀胱切除术可以较好保留下尿路控尿功能和阴茎勃起功能,但对肿瘤控制的远期影响有待进一步观察。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中双针倒刺缝合法行膀胱尿道吻合术后早期尿控恢复的效果观察

目的:分析在腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术膀胱尿道吻合中采用双针倒刺缝合法对术后早期尿控率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年1月我科40例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术资料,膀胱尿道吻合采用双针倒刺缝合组21例,单针连续缝合组19例,均由同一位有经验的主任医师完成手术,统计分析患者一般资料、手术及术后相关资料。结果:40例均无中转开放,术中输血2例（单针连续缝合组）,术后尿漏2例（各1例）,均保守治疗治愈。术后尿道狭窄2例（各1例）,均予扩张治疗。两组年龄、体质指数（BMI）、前列腺体积、术前前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、病理Gleason评分及术后尿管留置时间上均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,而在手术时间、手术出血量、膀胱尿道吻合时间及住院天数上,双针倒刺缝合组明显少于单针连续缝合组,有统计学差异（P<0.05）。在术后尿控率上,双针倒刺缝合组在术后1个月、3个月尿控率分别为48%、81%,明显优于单针连续缝合组的16%、47%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。而在术后6个月及12个月尿控率,双针倒刺缝合组为90%、100%,单针连续缝合组为84%、95%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:采用双针倒刺缝合行膀胱尿道吻合在腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术中安全可行,有助于术后早期尿控恢复。     

经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(附33例报告)

目的：分析总结经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术33例手术经验和疗效。方法：回顾性总结2004年2月至2007年9月,采用腹膜外途径行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术33例。患者年龄60～78岁,中位年龄69.8岁。术前均病理证实为前列腺癌。T1a～1b4例（12%）,T1c14例（42%）,T2a-b5例（15%）,T2c10例（30%）。结果：33例患者平均手术时间4.6h。术中出血平均419ml,术中输血2例,中转开放手术2例。术后病理报告切缘阳性9例（27%）,有尿道端癌残留7例（21%）,其中侧后方癌残留2例（6%）。术后发生尿漏3例,均自愈。术后尿管留置14～45天,平均18天。术后无真性尿失禁发生。直肠损伤2例,行结肠造口术。术后随访2～44个月,平均15.8个月,无死亡病例。术后随访PSA0～2.25ng/ml,平均0.24ng/ml。术后随访直肠指诊和B超未发现局部复发。全身骨扫描和胸部X线检查未发现肿瘤转移。结论：经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗局限性前列腺癌安全而有效,创伤小,患者术后恢复快,并发症较少。     

保留Retzius间隙的机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术术后早期尿控的预测因素分析

目的评估接受保留Retzius间隙的机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术(RS-RARP)患者术后尿失禁情况,以确定患者术后早期尿控的预测因素。方法收集2018年2月至2018年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院泌尿外科接受保留Retzius间隙的机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术(RS-RARP)患者的临床资料,对其中接受同一外科医生手术治疗的101例局限性前列腺癌患者进行回顾性研究。建立Logistic回归模型分析早期尿控的独立影响因素。结果 80例患者(79.21%)在RS-RARP术后能够早期尿控。RS-RARP术后早期尿控患者较早期尿失禁患者年轻,前列腺体积更小,术前IPSS评分更低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。单因素回归分析显示患者年龄(OR=0.903,P=0.045)、术前IPSS(OR=0.940,P=0.039)、前列腺体积(OR=0.925,P0.001)为早期尿控的影响因素;多因素回归分析显示术前IPSS(OR=0.928,P=0.047)、前列腺体积(OR=0.917,P0.001)为早期尿控的独立影响因素;多元线性回归模型显示:IPSS、前列腺体积为早期尿控的独立不良预测因素(R~2=0.272,P0.001)。结论保留Retzius间隙的机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术(RS-RARP)有助于患者术后即时尿控;前列腺体积和术前严重IPSS是患者术后早期尿控的独立不良预测因素。     

保留盆腔神经的宫颈癌根治术对患者术后生活质量的影响

目的探讨保留盆腔神经的宫颈癌根治术对患者术后膀胱、直肠功能及性生活恢复的影响。方法选取2011年5月至2014年5月间收治的80例宫颈癌患者,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组患者接受保留盆腔神经宫颈癌根治术,对照组患者接受传统宫颈癌根治术。比较两组患者手术时间、出血量以及韧带、阴道壁切除长度、盆腔淋巴结清扫情况、术后膀胱、直肠功能、性生活恢复情况。结果两组患者手术时间、出血量、主韧带以及骶韧带、阴道前后壁切除长度、盆腔淋巴结清扫数目间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者术后14 d残尿量、导尿管保留时间、肛门排气时间、肛门排便时间均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者术后12个月性生活恢复率明显增高,性功能问卷调查表-简要版(PISQ-12)评分明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论保留盆腔神经的宫颈癌根治术有利于患者术后膀胱和直肠功能的恢复,提高术后的生活质量。     

前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的预防与治疗

前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁作为前列腺癌根治术后的主要并发症之一严重影响了患者的生活质量。现就可以改善前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的几种治疗策略进行深入探讨,这些策略包括围手术期的非手术方式(盆底肌功能锻炼、药物治疗),手术中控尿血管神经束保留和手术后的再次手术干预(尿道悬吊术、人造尿道括约肌植入术),为临床实践提供参考。     

Quality of life after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: 2 year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE: We performed a 2 year longitudinal survey of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured 112 patients who underwent RP with SF-36 and University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index before and 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: Patients who underwent RP showed problems in some domains of general HRQOL, but these problems diminished over time. Mental health significantly improved throughout the follow-up period. The urinary function substantially declined at 3 months and continued to recover gradually but never returned to the baseline. Urinary bother at 3 months showed a significant decrease, but at 6 months it returned to baseline. The data of sexual function and bother showed a substantially lower score after RP. Patients lost their sexual desire significantly throughout the post-operative period. After 12 months, the nerve sparing group had significantly better improvement in sexual function than the non-nerve sparing group and this improvement continued up to 2 years after operation. CONCLUSION: Despite reports of problems with sexuality and urinary continence, general HRQOL was mostly unaffected by RP after 6 months. RP had a favorable impact on mental health. Although urinary function did not completely return to the baseline level even at 2 years after RP, recovery from urinary bother was rapid. RP had serious consequences on libido, erectile function and sexual activity. In the second year, the sexual function of those who underwent RP with bilateral nerve sparing procedure continued to improve.     

Differences in health-related quality of life of prostate cancer patients based on stage of cancer

BACKGROUND: Understanding medical factors that influence quality of life for men with prostate cancer is an important goal. This study analysed the relationship between cancer stage and quality of life, including measures of physical and psychological well-being. METHOD: A secondary analysis of data from 341 ambulatory men with prostate cancer. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Prostate version, Urinary Function Subscale of UCLA Prostate Cancer Index, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), were administered during their clinic visit. Stage of disease and treatment history was obtained from clinic records. Patients were categorized into localised (T1-T2, N0, M0, n=186), locally advanced (T3-T4, N0, M0, n=92), and metastatic (T3-T4, N1-3 or Ma-c, n=63) disease. Differences in quality of life based on stage were examined using multivariate analyses controlling for age, treatment type, time since diagnosis, co-morbidities, and urinary function. RESULTS: Stage of prostate cancer was significantly associated with most FACT scales (Physical, Functioning, Social) and summary scores (Treatment Outcomes Index, FACT total score). However, no significant associations were observed between stage of cancer and psychological symptoms of depression or anxiety. This association remained significant even after controlling for the influence of illness co-morbidity, urinary functioning, time since diagnosis, age, and type of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Higher cancer stage appears to be associated with poorer quality of life in prostate cancer and this association does not appear to be simply a function of the symptoms and disability that accompany advanced disease. These results have implications for understanding the impact of progression of prostate cancer on patients' health-related quality of life.     

保留部分前列腺包膜在全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术中的应用

目的：探讨传统全膀胱根治术及改良保留部分前列腺包膜全膀胱切除术对浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法：收集2000年1月～2006年1月膀胱癌行根治性全膀胱切除术45例,男性,平均年龄59岁,26例行传统全膀胱切除术,19例行改良保留部分前列腺包膜全膀胱切除术,随访观察手术效果及生活质量.结果：术后病理报告T2aN0M026例,T2BN0M0 16例,T3aN0M0 3例.平均随访39个月,改良组无瘤生存19例,传统纽无瘤生存23例,带瘤生存1例,死亡2例.改良组及传统组白天控尿率分别为100%和73%,夜间尿失禁10%和50%.改良组术后81%保留勃起功能,传统组仅14.3%.全部患者储尿囊容量350～480 ml,充盈压13～25 cmH2O,残余尿量10～60 ml.结论：对有选择的病例行保留部分前列腺包膜的全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术可以更好地保留勃起和控尿功能.     

血清微量元素与老年前列腺癌病理分级及临床分期的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清微量元素与老年前列腺癌病理分级及临床分期的相关性。方法:选自我院2013年6月至2017年6月期间收治的老年前列腺癌患者80例、良性前列腺增生患者73例、健康体检者52例。所有研究对象抽取静脉血,分离血清,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定血清微量元素含量。结果:前列腺癌组血清铁和铜含量高于前列腺增生组和对照组,而血清锌含量低于前列腺增生组和对照组（P＜0.05）;前列腺增生组血清铁和铜含量高于对照组,而血清锌含量低于对照组（P＜0.05）。低分化血清铁和铜含量高于中分化和高分化,而血清锌含量低于中分化和高分化（P＜0.05）;中分化血清铁和铜含量高于高分化,而血清锌含量低于高分化（P＜0.05）。T4期血清铁和铜含量高于T3、T2和T1期,而血清锌含量低于T3、T2和T1期（P＜0.05）;T3期血清铁和铜含量高于T2和T1期,而血清锌含量低于T2和T1期（P＜0.05）;T2期血清铁和铜含量高于T1期,而血清锌含量低于T1期（P＜0.05）。血清铁、铜与低分化和T3-T4分期前列腺癌患者呈正相关,而血清锌与低分化和T3-T4分期前列腺癌患者呈负相关。结论:老年前列腺癌血清铁和铜含量升高,而血清锌含量下降,且血清铁、铜与前列腺癌低分化和T3-T4分期呈正相关,而血清锌与其呈负相关。     

Predictors of preferences and utilities in men treated with 3D-CRT for prostate cancer

PURPOSE: To assess the preferences and utilities for prostate cancer health state scenarios of men treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and the predictors of treatment preferences. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The preferences and utilities for probabilistic health states of impotence and incontinence associated with prostate cancer therapies were elicited from prostate cancer registry participants using a modified time trade-off interview. Sociodemographic, disease, and treatment characteristics, as well as quality-of-life scores, were assessed to determine the predictors of preferences. RESULTS: Fifty-seven men treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy completed the time trade-off interview. Of these men, 83% had Stage T1-T2 and 30% were receiving hormonal therapy. The utilities followed a linear trend with declining scores for increasing risk of poorer health states. Men showed an increased preference for health states associated with radiotherapy compared with surgery or hormonal therapy. Univariate predictors of preference included income and marital status. Multivariate predictors of preferences included more aggressive therapy and better prognostic indicators. Current quality-of-life scores in terms of global, sexual, or urinary function were poor predictors of preferences. CONCLUSION: Preference elicitation can assist in decision-making, and understanding the predictors of patient preferences can assist in identifying factors that may increase patient perceptions of poorer outcomes.     

Racial/Ethnic differences in functional outcomes in the 5 years after diagnosis of localized prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: We investigated racial/ethnic differences in functional outcomes up to 5 years after diagnosis among men with aggressively treated localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study, a population-based cohort study that surveyed patients at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after diagnosis. Analyses were stratified by primary treatment. Racial/ethnic differences at each time point were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equations, adjusting for pretreatment function, age at diagnosis, secondary treatment, and other confounders. An adjusted summary score for each functional domain was calculated for each time period. RESULTS: Patients included 1,475 non-Hispanic white, 321 African-American, and 279 Hispanic prostate cancer patients. After 60 months, among prostatectomy patients, African-Americans had significantly higher sexual function scores than non-Hispanic whites (43.9 v 36.1; P = .02), but were more likely to have a moderate to big problem with sexual function (50.6% v 44.4%; P = .04). African-Americans also had higher urinary function scores at 5 years than non-Hispanic whites (78.5 v 72.4; P = .04) and were less likely to have problems with incontinence. Changes in sexual and bowel function after radiotherapy showed no significant racial/ethnic differences. CONCLUSION: This long-term cohort study found that, among prostatectomy patients, African-Americans had better recovery of sexual and urinary function at 60 months after diagnosis that was likely to be of mild clinical significance, despite reporting more problems with sexual function than non-Hispanic whites. More study is necessary to understand reasons for these differences. In contrast, no racial/ethnic differences in recovery from radiotherapy were found.     

Brachytherapy with transperineal (125)Iodine seeds for localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyze the treatment results of transperineal (125)Iodine seeds in localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1996, 102 patients with T1-T2 N0 prostate cancer were treated with transperineal (125)Iodine seed implants at the Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam. Tumours were classified as T1c in four patients, T2a in 73 patients and T2b in 25 patients. The mean pre-treatment PSA was 17 ng/ml. The (125)Iodine seeds were implanted transperineally under transrectal ultrasound guidance. The mean prostate volume was 31 ml (range 15-48 ml). An average of 49 seeds (range 29-74) was implanted. The dose to the periphery of the prostate was 160 Gy. Until 1988, 27 patients had additional external pelvic irradiation to a dose of 40 Gy in 20 daily fractions of 2 Gy. RESULTS: The 5- and 7-year actuarial survival rates were 77 and 63%, respectively (median 102 months). Ten patients (9.5%) died from prostate cancer. The 5- and 7-year clinical progression rates were 12 and 17%, respectively. Biochemical failure rates at 5 and 7 years were 39 and 44%, respectively. Age, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, differentiation grade, additional treatment, staging procedure, number of seeds, prostate volume, treatment period and PSA were analyzed as prognostic factors. Only pre-treatment PSA was a prognosticator of clinical and biochemical outcome but not of survival. Biochemical control at 6 years varied from 30% for pre-treatment PSA values higher than 20 ng/ml to 95% for values < or =8 ng/ml. Forty-one out of 49 patients who were sexually active before brachytherapy maintained sexual function during the follow-up. Complete urinary incontinence occurred in one patient. No rectal complications were seen in patients receiving brachytherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Transperineal (125)Iodine seeds brachytherapy in localized prostate cancer achieves a good clinical control and overall survival with acceptable late toxicity. Biochemical failure was strongly correlated to the pre-treatment PSA value.