社区老年慢性疼痛患者自我效能状况及影响因素

目的了解社区老年慢性疼痛患者自我效能状况及其影响因素。方法采用一般人口学资料调查表,汉化版慢性疼痛自我效能感量表,简明疼痛量表,激惹、抑郁和焦虑自评量表,医学应对问卷,对192例老年慢性疼痛患者进行调查分析。结果老年慢性疼痛患者自我效能得分(75.56±18.33)分,其中疼痛管理自我效能感(16.16±4.63)分,躯体功能自我效能感(32.45±8.60)分,症状应对自我效能感(27.21±8.37)分;影响自我效能感的主要因素是上1 w疼痛最痛程度得分、屈服、当前疼痛程度得分、抑郁、年龄和家庭经济状况,可解释35.6%的变异量。结论社区老年慢性疼痛患者自我效能水平不容乐观,主要受上1 w疼痛最痛程度得分、屈服的应对方式、当前疼痛程度得分、抑郁、年龄和家庭经济状况等因素的影响。     

HIV/AIDS患者治疗依从性自我效能感及相关因素

目的 调查HIV/AIDS患者治疗依从性自我效能感及其相关因素。方法 于2022年5-7月采用方便抽样法纳入杭州某传染病医院感染科门诊840例HIV/AIDS患者作为研究对象,调查内容包括社会人口学特征、生活习惯、疾病相关资料、焦虑抑郁、睡眠障碍、治疗依从性自我效能等,通过多元逐步回归分析影响治疗依从性自我效能感维度1融合和维度2毅力的因素。结果 840例HIV/AIDS患者治疗依从性自我效能感较好,治疗依从性自我效能感总分为（111.07±14.54）分,维度1融合评分为（55.44±7.86）分,维度2毅力评分为（55.63±7.61）分。多元逐步回归分析显示,抑郁与HIV/AIDS患者治疗依从性自我效能感维度1融合（β=-0.455,P<0.001）和维度2毅力（β=-0.445,P<0.001）相关。全身慢性疼痛（β=-3.020,P<0.05）、基线CD4细胞计数（β=-0.580,P<0.05）与治疗依从性自我效能感维度2毅力相关。结论 改善HIV/AIDS患者抑郁、疼痛等不适症状可以提高HIV/AIDS患者治疗依从性自我效能。     

社区慢性病老年女性一般自我效能与健康状况的相关性

目的探讨社区慢性病老年女性一般自我效能与健康状况的相关性及影响健康状况的因素。方法应用自我效能量表(CSES)、健康状况量表调查丹东市社区912例慢性病老年女性群体的自我效能状况及健康状况。结果居前4位的疾病依次是高血压(36.42%)、高血脂(27.52%)、冠心病(24.63%)、风湿性关节炎(21.49%);社区慢性病老年女性一般自我效能(26.23±5.83)分,随着年龄的增高自我效能感得分显著下降(P<0.05);随着年龄的增大,健康状况降低,在生理功能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、生理健康、心理健康、总分维度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);一般自我效能与健康状况得分各维度及总分呈正相关(P<0.05);多元回归显示健康状况得分的影响因素有年龄、自我效能感、收入情况。结论社区应加强老年女性慢性病的管理和相关知识的宣传教育,针对相关影响因素,改善老年人健康。     

中老年类风湿关节炎患者躯体功能与体力活动、自我效能的相关性

目的了解中老年类风湿关节炎(RA)患者躯体功能状况,分析体力活动、自我效能与躯体功能的相关性。方法采用一般资料调查表、健康评估问卷-残疾指数(HAQ-DI)、国际体力活动短问卷(IPAQ-S)、类风湿关节炎自我效能量表(RASE)、疲劳视觉模拟评分量表(VAS-疲劳)及疼痛视觉模拟评分量表(VAS-疼痛)对天津市第一中心医院门诊及住院治疗的45岁以上的RA患者进行问卷调查。结果 RA患者躯体功能得分为(1.18±0.39)分,体力活动得分为(1 768.89±98.92)分,自我效能得分为(73.61±13.35)分;疼痛(r=0.321)、疲劳(r=0.399)、自我效能(r=-0.387)、总体力活动(r=-0.302)得分与躯体功能得分呈显著相关性(均P0.05);多元线性回归分析显示疾病活动度、晨僵时间、疲劳、疼痛、总体力活动及自我效能对躯体功能有显著影响(P0.05),可解释总变异量的40.7%。结论医务人员应采取针对性的措施提高患者自我效能水平,增强其进行体力活动的信心,为患者提供个性化的功能锻炼指导,从而维持躯体功能,延缓关节功能丧失。     

社区老年慢性病患者自我超越与生存质量的相关性

目的了解老年慢性病患者自我超越与生存质量的状况,并分析两者的相关性。方法采用中文版自我超越量表与世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对168例老年慢性病患者进行问卷调查。结果老年慢性病患者的自我超越得分为(41.71±9.63)分,生存质量总分为(51.24±5.65)分,自评总分为(77.30±6.34)分,4个领域:生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域得分分别为(12.18±3.01)分、(12.07±2.23)分、(13.57±3.29)分、(12.63±2.96)分。自我超越与生存质量各维度及总分均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论自我超越水平与生存质量呈正相关,可通过自我超越干预,提高老年人的生存质量。     

社区老年糖尿病患者自我效能现状及影响因素

目的了解社区老年糖尿病患者自我效能水平及其影响因素。方法应用自设一般资料问卷和糖尿病自我效能感量表(PDSMS)及自我感受性负担量表(SPB),对符合纳入标准的201名社区老年糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。结果社区老年糖尿病患者PDSMS得分为(28.28±5.92)分;不同文化程度、家庭人均月收入、治疗方式的患者PDSMS得分差异有统计学意义;自我效能感与自我感受性负担呈负相关(r=-0.271,P0.05)。结论社区老年糖尿病患者的自我效能感水平有待提高,尤其需要关注受教育程度低、低收入及使用胰岛素治疗的患者,同时还应关注患者的自我感受性负担水平。     

家庭关怀度及自我效能感对脑卒中后残疾患者伤残接受度的影响

目的探讨家庭关怀度及自我效能感对脑卒中后残疾患者伤残接受度(AOD)的影响。方法采用一般资料调查表、修订版伤残接受度量表(ADS-R)、家庭关怀度指数测评表(PAGAR问卷)、慢性病自我效能量表(SECD6),对180例脑卒中后患者进行问卷调查。结果患者ADS-R得分为(73.32±11.76)分,PAGAR问卷得分为(6.30±1.93)分,SECD6得分为(6.17±2.44)分;相关分析显示,AOD与家庭关怀度及自我效能感均呈显著正相关(P<0.01);分层回归分析显示:家庭关怀度、自我效能感是脑卒中后残疾患者AOD的主要影响因素。结论在临床护理工作中应增加家庭支持与心理干预,提高脑卒中后残疾患者家庭关怀度及自我效能感,帮助其尽早接受伤残现实,完成自我重建。     

农村中老年糖尿病患者自我效能现状及影响因素

目的探讨农村中老年糖尿病患者自我效能现状及其影响因素。方法应用糖尿病效能感量表(DSES)对唐山市456名农村糖尿病患者进行调查。结果唐山市农村中老年糖尿病患者总体自我效能得分为(3.61±0.82)分,其中有信心三餐固定吃与饥饿时挑选合适食物得分较高(3.96±1.68,3.72±1.21),而有信心判断异常身体状况与避免运动时低血糖的发生得分较低(3.47±1.32,3.43±1.21)。其影响因素为社会支持、糖尿病知识及是否有并发症(P<0.05)。结论唐山市农村中老年T2DM患者自我效能处于较低水平,可通过提升社会支持与糖尿病知识水平、减少并发症等途径提高自我效能水平。     

老年不同慢性病患者睡眠质量与焦虑现状

目的探讨长春市社区老年不同慢性病患者睡眠质量和焦虑现状及其相关性。方法使用一般资料调查表、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对吉林省长春市4个社区335例老年慢性病患者进行问卷调查。结果 PSQI得分平均为(6.23±2.42)分,老年糖尿病患者PSQI总分(7.18±2.11)最高,脑血管疾病患者PSQI总分(5.36±2.65)最低。SAS得分平均为(57.03±6.72)分,老年呼吸系统疾病患者SAS总分(58.81±5.64)最高,脑血管疾病患者SAS总分(54.60±5.16)最低。老年脑血管疾病患者PSQI总分与SAS得分无相关性,其他不同慢性病患者PSQI总分与SAS得分均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论长春市社区老年不同慢性病患者睡眠质量问题需要重视,应采取相应措施进一步加强改善老年不同慢性病患者睡眠质量的措施,降低焦虑的发生,提高老年人生活质量、卫生保健水平。     

金华市某三级医院老年功能性消化不良患者生存质量及其影响因素分析

背景老年功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia, FD)是临床常见疾病之一,多以中老年患者为主.目前认为精神心理因素导致的躯体化是影响老年FD生存质量的危险因素.由于我国医疗资源分布不平衡,对老年FD患者生存质量认识不足,再加上很多患者症状可能较轻,自身对疾病缺乏正确认识,对其生存质量的影响因素进行分析尤为必要.目的旨在探讨金华市某三级医院老年FD患者生存质量及其影响因素分析.方法选择2017-06/2019-08在我院就诊的134例老年FD患者为研究对象.采用生存质量量表、精神心理状况量表及健康行为自我效能量表卷进行测评,并分析老年FD患者生存质量的影响因素.结果老年FD患者功能性消化不良生存质量量表(functional digestive disorder quality of life questionnaire,FDDQL)总分为57.62分±8.16分,其中日常活动得分为75.48分±7.23分,受损最轻;健康感觉得分为45.61分±9.57分,受损最严重;其次疾病控制得分为47.38分±10.36分.不同性别、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxietyscale,SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(depression self-ratingscale,SDS)评分、自我效能、体质指数(bodymassindex,BMI)、饮酒史、病程、居住情况、症状严重程度、自我调节情绪及是否规律运动等FDDQL得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,或P 0.01);不同BMI患者FDDQL得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05).老年FD患者的性别、自我效能、B M I、饮酒史、病程、居住情况及规律运动等与FDDQL呈正相关(r=0.147-0.215, P 0.05);老年FD患者的SAS、SDS评分,症状严重程度及自我调节等与FDDQL呈负相关[r=-0.765-(-0.284), P 0.05].通过多元回归分析发现,焦虑、症状严重程度、病程、自我效能和抑郁是老年FD患者生存质量的影响因素.结论老年FD患者生存质量影响因素较多,而焦虑、症状严重程度、病程、自我效能和抑郁是重要危险因素,在临床工作中应通过上述影响因素采取合理的干预以提高患者生存质量.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.