介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒的生物相容性

背景：介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒具有很多优异的物理性质,在生物医学领域应用广泛,但目前对其生物相容性研究不足。 目的：综述国内外对介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒生物相容性的研究进展。 方法：检索PubMed、EMBASE、万方、CNKI、维普、中国生物医学数据库有关介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒细胞毒性和动物毒性的相关文献。 结果与结论：介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒可通过内吞作用被细胞摄取,其可能通过在细胞内产生活性氧化物导致细胞毒性;介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒致细胞毒作用与介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒浓度、颗粒尺寸、表面活性剂去除方式、细胞种类有关。介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒在动物体内主要富集在肝脏和脾脏,尿液和粪便是其主要排泄途径;介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒在体内局部生物相容性良好,而大剂量介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒经腹腔注射或静脉注射可导致严重全身反应。介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒在体外和体内均显示出较好的生物相容性,但其安全性仍需进一步研究。     

钛银合金及其表面纳米管化的生物相容性

目的分析纳米钛银合金纳米管复合物的生物相容性。方法首先采用熔融法制备钛银合金(3%的银含量),然后通过阳极氧化技术在钛银合金表面制备纳米管。采用扫描电镜实验方法观察复合物的表面形貌。采用钛银合金及钛银合金纳米管和商业钛金属分别与成骨细胞共同培养方法,扫描电镜下观察细胞在支架上的黏附、增殖及凋亡。采用细胞毒性实验(MTT)实验方法检测金属的相容性。结果通过改变阳极氧化条件能制备不同表面形貌的钛银合金纳米管,将钛银合金及钛银合金纳米管和商业钛金属分别与成骨细胞共同培养3天后,倒置显微镜观察金属材料周围的成骨细胞生长情况,发现钛银合金纳米管及钛银合金周围细胞增殖与商业钛金属无明显差异。同时通过扫面电镜观察细胞在金属材料上的生长增殖情况,细胞在钛银合金纳米管上生长良好,可见大量细胞伪足附着于其上。同时通过细胞毒性实验(MTT),发现钛银合金纳米管及钛银合金与商业钛金属之间无明显差异。结论钛银合金纳米管具有良好的生物相容性。     

银纳米颗粒及载银抗菌涂层的研究与进展

BACKGROUND: Current numerous studies have confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been extensively applied due to their good anti-bacterial performances.     

银纳米颗粒对神经元的毒性研究

目的 研究不同浓度的银纳米颗粒对神经元毒性的剂量-效应关系,探索银纳米颗粒对神经元的毒性机理.方法 首先培养一种活性好、生长状态优良的原代神经元,将不同浓度（2.5～500μg/mL）的银纳米颗粒加入神经元中作用24h后,通过MTT法计算细胞增殖率,并分析不同浓度的银纳米颗粒对神经元毒性的剂量-效应关系.结果 在25～250μg/mL范围内,细胞数量与形态呈现不同的变化,银纳米颗粒浓度与细胞增殖率呈负相关.结论 在25～250μg/mL的浓度范围内,银纳米颗粒对神经元细胞的毒性呈剂量-效应关系.     

数字化载银羟基磷灰石人工骨抗菌性及生物相容性

背景：载银珊瑚羟基磷灰石作为一种新型抗菌植骨材料,受到越来越多的关注,作为植入物需与人体具有良好的生物相容性。 目的：观察数字化载银珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨材料的抗菌性及生物相容性。 方法：将珊瑚羟基磷灰石粉末浸泡于不同浓度的硝酸银溶液,制备出不同含银量的载银羟基磷灰石,再将其与聚乳酸混合,并通过选择性激光烧结快速成形制备出具有特殊形状的数字化载银抗菌人工骨材料。 结果与结论：连续光源原子吸收光谱仪测定珊瑚羟基磷灰石浸泡于10^-2,10^-3,10^-4,10^-5 mol/L AgNO₃中制备的载银人工骨中Ag+的含量分别为2.31×10^-1%,3.18×10^-2%,6.75×10^-3%,6.05×10^-4%。体外抑菌圈实验表明浸泡10^-2 mol/L AgNO₃中制备的载银人工骨材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(13.00±1.52)mm 及(12.30±1.65)mm;浸泡10^-3 mol/L AgNO₃中制备的载银人工骨材料分别为(11.50±0.73) mm及(11.00±0.46) mm。浸泡10^-4,10^-5 mol/L AgNO₃载银人工骨材料对两种细菌均无抑菌圈产生。细胞毒性试验结果表明100%浸泡10^-2,10^-3,10^-4,10^-5 mol/L AgNO₃的载银珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨材料的细胞毒性分别为3级、1级、0级、0级。急性全身毒性试验表明浸泡10^-3 mol/L AgNO₃中的人工骨浸提液对小鼠无明显的急性毒性反应,具有良好的安全性。结果表明浸泡10^-3 mol/L AgNO₃中的载银珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌有明显抗菌作用,且具有良好的生物相容性及安全性。     

新型银纳米颗粒涂层薄膜材料的制备与抗菌性研究

目的制备银纳米颗粒涂层薄膜材料并检测其抗菌性。方法利用脉冲激光沉积法（PLD）将银-二氧化硅薄膜种植在衬底硅片表面,根据不同的激光脉冲沉积速率制备3组薄膜材料样品,其银与二氧化硅的含量比分别为1：3（TypeA）、1：1（TypeB）、3：1（TypeC）设为实验组,纯硅片设为对照组。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散光谱仪（EDS）、原子力显微镜（AFM）对实验组样品进行物理表征,选用临床标准菌株金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为实验菌株进行样品体外抗菌试验。结果制备的3种样品TypeA、TypeB和TypeC应用EDS测定银纳米颗粒的含量分别为19．29％、65．32％、77．18％。SEM显示,实验组样品中银纳米颗粒镶嵌于二氧化硅的骨架结构中,结构清晰。AFM显示3种样品TypeA、TypeB和TypeC表面粗糙度良好,银纳米颗粒的大小分别为10．8、11．9和12．9nm。抗菌实验显示,接种大肠杆菌的培养基中3种样品TypeA、TypeB和TypeC的抑菌环直径分别为11、15、16mm,接种金黄色葡萄球菌的培养基中3种样品的抑菌环直径分别为15、16、17mm,所制备的银纳米颗粒涂层薄膜材料均显示出抑菌作用;对照组没有出现抑菌环。结论应用PLD方法制备银纳米颗粒抗菌薄膜材料简单易行,且材料具有良好的抑菌作用。     

生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层的生物相容性研究

目的对生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石(BG-nHA)梯度涂层的生物相容性作初步的评价。方法用低温烧结法在钛合金表面制备生物玻璃纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层,利用L929细胞检测梯度涂层材料的细胞毒性。取体外分离培养扩增的人骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSC),接种于涂层材料上,通过绿色荧光蛋白染色、扫描电镜和MTT法观察细胞的黏附和生长情况。结果生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层的细胞毒性分级为1级,人骨髓基质干细胞可以在涂层材料表面黏附和生长。结论生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层有良好的生物相容性,具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层的生物相容性研究

目的 对生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石(BG-nHA)梯度涂层的生物相容性作初步的评价.方法 用低温烧结法在钛合金表面制备生物玻璃纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层,利用L929细胞检测梯度涂层材料的细胞毒性.取体外分离培养扩增的人骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSC),接种于涂层材料上,通过绿色荧光蛋白染色、扫描电镜和MTT法观察细胞的黏附和生长情况.结果 生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层的细胞毒性分级为1级,人骨髓基质干细胞可以在涂层材料表面黏附和生长.结论 生物玻璃-纳米羟基磷灰石梯度涂层有良好的生物相容性,具有潜在的临床应用前景.     

新工艺制备纳米钛酸钙涂层及生物相容性评价

目的 :研究新型纳米钛酸钙(CaTiO_3)涂层钛合金材料的生物相容性。方法 :将钛板、羟基磷灰石涂层钛板和纳米CaTiO_3涂层钛板分为钛板组、涂层组、纳米组(各60例)。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射对3组材料进行分析。将各组材料与成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)共培养,通过免疫荧光染色、MTT法、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量测定评估材料表面细胞的存活、增殖及分化情况;通过电镜检测材料表面成骨细胞的钙化。结果 :涂层组、纳米组比钛板组有更高的活细胞数量、MTT值、ALP含量,有更好的细胞结构形态和钙化,而涂层组、纳米组无差异。结论 :该新型纳米CaTiO_3涂层材料有良好的生物相容性,为其将来临床植入体内提供了一定的实验依据。     

壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石分层复合支架的生物相容性研究

制备壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石(CS/nHA)分层复合支架,对其进行细胞毒性评价.分离培养大鼠软骨细胞接种于支架,相差显微镜和扫描电镜观察细胞的黏附及生长情况.动物皮下埋植试验观察其组织相容性.实验结果证实壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石分层复合支架具有良好的生物相容性,有望成为较好的骨软骨组织工程支架.     

Antibacterial effects and biocompatibility of titanium surfaces with graded silver incorporation in titania nanotubes

Most commercial dental implants are made of titanium (Ti) because Ti possesses excellent properties such as osseointegration. However, many types of Ti products still suffer from insufficient antibacterial capability and bacterial infection after surgery remains one of the most common and intractable complications. In this study, a dual process encompassing anodization and silver plasma immersion ion implantation (Ag PIII) is utilized to produce titania nanotubes (TiO₂-NTs) containing Ag at different sites and depths. The concentration and depth of the incorporated Ag can be tailored readily by changing the PIII parameters. The Ag-embedded TiO₂-NTs which retain the nanotubular morphology are capable of sterilizing oral pathogens as opposed to pure Ti plates and pristine TiO₂-NTs. Biological assays indicate that the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the sample plasma-implanted at a lower voltage of 0.5 kV (NT-Ag-0.5) is significantly compromised due to the large amount of surface Ag. On the other hand, the sample implanted at 1 kV (NT-Ag-1.0) exhibits unimpaired effects due to the smaller surface Ag accumulation. Sample NT-Ag-1.0 is further demonstrated to possess sustained antibacterial properties due to the large embedded depth of Ag and the technique and resulting materials have large potential in dental implants.     

Biocatalytic and antibacterial visualization of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Hemidesmus indicus

In the present investigation, we described the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extract of Hemidesmus indicus. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). TEM images proved that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 25.24 nm. To evaluate antibacterial efficacy, bacteria was isolated from poultry gut and subjected to 16S rRNA characterization and confirmed as Shigella sonnei. The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of synthesized silver nanoparticles was studied by agar bioassay, well diffusion and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assay. The H. indicus mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles shows rapid synthesis and higher inhibitory activity (34 ± 0.2 mm) against isolated bacteria S. sonnei at 40 μg/ml.     

基于柠檬酸合成的新型可降解螺钉生物相容性和生物力学特性的研究

目的 探讨聚柠檬酸复合纳米羟基磷灰石（POC-Click-HA）制作的新型生物可吸收松质骨螺钉治疗比格犬股骨外髁骨折的生物相容性及生物力学特性。 方法 健康成年比格犬9只,雌雄不限,体重8~11 kg,制备双侧股骨外髁骨折（AO分型33.B1型）模型。右侧采用POC-click-HA可吸收松质骨螺钉固定,作为实验组;左侧采用聚消旋乳酸PDLLA可吸收松质骨螺钉固定,作为对照组。术后观察实验动物一般情况,分别于术后4周、8周、12周处死3只动物,取材行大体观察、Lane-Sandhu组织学评分及生物力学分析。 结果 实验动物均存活至实验完成。大体观察两组骨折无移位,均于12周愈合,POC-click-HA组螺钉可见有新生骨组织从螺钉表面向内部生长。术后3个时间点对骨折部位进行Lane-Sandhu组织学评分,两组螺钉之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。生物力学测试,4周POC-click-HA组钉-骨界面最大载荷低于PDLLA组（P<0.05）,8周和12周两者无显著差异（P>0.05）。 结论 POC-click-HA松质骨螺钉具有良好的生物相容性,生物力学性能满足固定比格犬股骨外侧髁B1型骨折。     

纳米银溶胶的体外细胞毒性评价及其机制研究

目的 对纳米银溶胶的体外细胞毒性进行评价,初步探讨纳米银对细胞的毒性作用机制.方法利用化学还原法制备纳米银溶胶,通过紫外-可见分光光度计和透射电镜对其物理特性进行检测;以小鼠纤维肉瘤细胞( L929)为研究对象,通过细胞形态观察、LIVE/DEAD染色分析和MTT检测来评价纳米银对细胞的毒性作用;在电子显微镜下观察纳米...     

The effects of titania nanotubes with embedded silver oxide nanoparticles on bacteria and osteoblasts

A versatile strategy to endow biomaterials with long-term antibacterial ability without compromising the cytocompatibility is highly desirable to combat biomaterial related infection. TiO₂ nanotube (NT) arrays can significantly enhance the functions of many cell types including osteoblasts thus having promising applications in orthopedics, orthodontics, as well as other biomedical fields. In this study, TiO₂ NT arrays with Ag₂O nanoparticle embedded in the nanotube wall (NT-Ag₂O arrays) are prepared on titanium (Ti) by TiAg magnetron sputtering and anodization. Well-defined NT arrays containing Ag concentrations in a wide range from 0 to 15 at % are formed. Ag incorporation has little influence on the NT diameter, but significantly decreases the tube length. Crystallized Ag₂O nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 nm to 20 nm are embedded in the amorphous TiO₂ nanotube wall and this unique structure leads to controlled release of Ag⁺ that generates adequate antibacterial activity without showing cytotoxicity. The NT-Ag₂O arrays can effectively kill Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus even after immersion for 28 days, demonstrating the long lasting antibacterial ability. Furthermore, the NT-Ag₂O arrays have no appreciable influence on the osteoblast viability, proliferation, and differentiation compared to the Ag free TiO₂ NT arrays. Ag incorporation even shows some favorable effects on promoting cell spreading. The technique reported here is a versatile approach to develop biomedical coatings with different functions.     

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinomycetes,phytotoxicity on rice seeds,and potential application in the biocontrol of phytopathogens

To find effective silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for control of phytopathogens, in this study, two strains of actinomycetes isolated from the soil of the Brazilian biome Caatinga (Caat5–35) and from mangrove sediment (Canv1–58) were utilized. The strains were identified by using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Streptomyces sp., related to Streptomyces mimosus species. The obtained AgNPs were coded as AgNPs ₃₅ and AgNPs₅₈ and characterized by size and morphology using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR). The antifungal activity of the AgNPs₃₅ and AgNPs₅₈ was evaluated in vitro by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay on the phytopathogens, Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The phytotoxic effect was evaluated by the germination rate and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). AgNPs₃₅ and AgNPs₅₈ showed surface plasmon resonance and average sizes of 30 and 60 nm, respectively. Both AgNPs presented spherical shape and the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as free amines and hydroxyls of biomolecules bounded to the external layer of the nanoparticles. Both AgNPs inhibited the growth of the three phytopathogens tested, and A. alternate was the most sensible (MIC ≤ 4 µM). Moreover, the AgNPs₃₅ and AgNPs₅₈ did not induce phytotoxic effects on the germination and development of rice seedlings. In conclusion, these AgNPs are promising candidates to biocontrol of these phytopathogens without endangering rice plants.     

纤维素-大豆蛋白混合膜与内皮细胞生物相容性的实验研究

目的:研究和评价纤维素-大豆蛋白混合膜与内皮细胞的生物相容性,为其作为人工生物支架材料应用于组织工程提供实验依据。方法:将内皮细胞株ECV304与不同组分、碱处理前后的纤维素-大豆蛋白混合膜共培养,分别以四氮甲唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活力,以扫描电镜(SEM)观察细胞形态和生长状态。结果:与阴性对照组和单纯纤维素组相比,ECV304在纤维素-大豆蛋白混合膜上生长良好,大豆蛋白加入到纤维素膜中显著提高了ECV304的细胞活力;在碱处理后的混合膜表面,细胞长出许多足突伸入膜孔隙,明显促进细胞在膜表面粘附。结论:初步表明纤维素-大豆蛋白混合膜与内皮细胞ECV304生物相容性良好,在血管组织工程领域具有应用潜能。     

Effects of silver nanoparticles on oxidative DNA damage–repair as a function of p38 MAPK status: A comparative approach using human Jurkat T cells and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

The large‐scale use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised concerns over potential impacts on the environment and human health. We previously reported that AgNP exposure causes an increase in reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and induction of p38 MAPK and PMK‐1 in Jurkat T cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AgNP toxicity, here we evaluate the effects of AgNPs on oxidative DNA damage–repair (in human and C. elegans DNA glycosylases hOGG1, hNTH1, NTH‐1, and 8‐oxo‐GTPases—hMTH1, NDX‐4) and explore the role of p38 MAPK and PMK‐1 in this process. Our comparative approach examined viability, gene expression, and enzyme activities in wild type (WT) and p38 MAPK knock‐down (KD) Jurkat T cells (in vitro) and in WT and pmk‐1 loss‐of‐function mutant strains of C. elegans (in vivo). The results suggest that p38 MAPK/PMK‐1 plays protective role against AgNP‐mediated toxicity, reduced viability and greater accumulation of 8OHdG was observed in AgNP‐treated KD cells, and in pmk‐1 mutant worms compared with their WT counterparts, respectively. Furthermore, dose‐dependent alterations in hOGG1, hMTH1, and NDX‐4 expression and enzyme activity, and survival in ndx‐4 mutant worms occurred following AgNP exposure. Interestingly, the absence or depletion of p38 MAPK/PMK‐1 caused impaired and additive effects in AgNP‐induced ndx‐4(ok1003); pmk‐1(RNAi) mutant survival, and hOGG1 and NDX‐4 expression and enzyme activity, which may lead to higher accumulation of 8OHdG. Together, the results indicate that p38 MAPK/PMK‐1 plays an important protective role in AgNP‐induced oxidative DNA damage–repair which is conserved from C. elegans to humans. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:122–133, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Antibiofilm effect of green engineered silver nanoparticles fabricated from Artemisia scoporia extract on the expression of icaA and icaR genes against multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are at the forefront of the swiftly developing scope of nanotechnology. In the current study, we investigated the green synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia scoporia as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐Transform infrared spectroscopy, dispersive absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The efficacy of the nanoparticle synthesis was assessed by comparing the antibiofilm activity with commercial AgNPs. The effect of sub‐minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs on biofilm formation was determined by microtiter plate assay. The expression level of the icaA and icaR genes was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. The structural and functional aspects of AgNPs were confirmed. The expression levels of icaA and icaR in the isolates exposed to sub‐MIC of both commercial and biosynthetic AgNPs were lower and higher than in the control group, respectively. Our results also indicated that greater reduction and induction in icaA and icaR gene expression were noticed with the sub‐MIC doses of biosynthetic AgNP versus commercial AgNP, respectively. This study suggested the application of AgNPs as a significant therapeutic and clinical option in the future and usage for fabricating medical implants. Nevertheless, further investigation is required for examining the pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of AgNPs.