Recombinant influenza A viruses harboring optimized dicistronic NA segment with an extended native 5' terminal sequence: induction of heterospecific B and T cell responses in mice

We generated novel recombinant influenza A viruses (vNA38) harboring dicistronic NA segments with an extended native 5' terminal sequence of 70 nucleotides comprised of the last 42 nucleotides of the NA ORF and the 5' noncoding region (5' NCR). vNA38 viruses replicated stably and more efficiently than vNA35 viruses with a dicistronic NA segment comprised of the native 5' NCR only, that we described previously (Vieira Machado, A., Naffakh, N., van der Werf, S., Escriou, N., 2003. Expression of a foreign gene by stable recombinant influenza viruses harboring a dicistronic genomic segment with an internal promoter. Virology 313, 235-249). In addition, vNA38 viruses drove the expression of higher levels of encoded heterologous proteins than corresponding vNA35 viruses, both in cell culture and in the pulmonary tissue of infected mice. These data demonstrate that a sequence overlapping 5' coding and noncoding regions of the NA segment determines efficient replication and/or propagation of the vRNA. Intranasal immunization of mice with live vNA38 viruses induced B and T cell responses specific for the heterologous protein expressed, establishing the usefulness of such recombinant influenza viruses with a dicistronic segment for the development of live bivalent vaccines.     

流感病毒NA-C3d融合基因在非复制型重组腺病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的研究

目的 构建表达融合基因NA-C3d的非复制型重组腺病毒并研究其免疫效果.方法 将NA-C3d融合基因克隆到穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,与腺病毒DNA共转化E.coli BJ5183,经同源重组获得重组腺病毒DNA,将其转染293细胞获得重组腺病毒并检测其免疫效果.结果 NA-C3d经PCR证实整合至腺病毒基因组中;重组病毒感染293细胞中经Wstern Bot检测到融合蛋白;重组病毒经滴鼻途径免疫小鼠,2次免疫后产生明显的免疫应答,血清IgG抗体滴度分别为1∶1000和1:100000;经小剂量攻毒实验显示重组腺病毒保护率为100％.结论 成功构建表达NA-C3d的非复制型重组腺病毒,该病毒可诱导较好的免疫效果.     

猪型(H1N1)流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶基因来源的研究

目的 研究2002年我国内地从猪群中分离的猪型(H1N1)毒株HA和NA基因来源。及其使猪致病的原因。方法 用PCR扩增目的基因，用P^GEM-T Easy Vector，4℃过夜连接，重组质粒转入DH-10B细菌，筛选阳性菌落，酶切鉴定，送六合通公司自动测序，并作进化树分析。结果 3株猪型(H1N1)病毒的HA和NA基因属猪型(H1N1)流感病毒，而不同于其他禽或人的H1N1亚型流感病毒。2002年猪型毒株由1991年猪型毒株演变而来。近来我国内地猪群中猪型毒株活动增强，其对猪能致病是由于病毒粒HA和NA蛋白抗原性发生变异所造成。结论 3株猪型病毒的HA和NA基因来源于猪型(H1N1)毒株。近来猪型毒株对猪具有致病性和活动增强是由于其HA和NA蛋白分子上氨基酸序列发生替换所造成。     

含有H5N1 NA基因重组腺病毒疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫效果研究

目的 考察含有禽流感病毒A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)优化型NA基因的重组腺病毒在BALB/c小鼠体内的免疫效果,并筛选合适的免疫剂量.方法 重组病毒以肌内注射方式在第0周和第4周免疫BALB/c小鼠两次,低、中、高组的免疫剂量分别是10~5、10~7和10~9 TCID_(50)/次,第5周时分别使用神经氨酸酶活性抑制试验和EHSpot实验来检测和比较疫苗的体液和细胞免疫效果.结果 重组病毒免疫后的小鼠均可检测出针对NA抗原的特异性体液和细胞免疫反应,并且免疫效果与免疫剂量呈正相关,10~7 TCID_(50)/只/次是合适的免疫剂量.另外,从包含NA全长氨基酸残基的合成肽库中筛选到两个能够刺激BALB/c小鼠T淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ的表位,即NA_(109-124):CRTFFLTQGALLNDKH和NA_(182-199):AVAVLKYNGIITIKSW.结论 含有优化型NA基因的重组腺病毒疫苗能够诱导BALB/c小鼠同时产生NA抗原特异性的体液和细胞免疫反应,是较好的H5N1流感病毒候选疫苗株,值得进一步深入研究.     

The generation of recombinant influenza A viruses expressing a PB2 fusion protein requires the conservation of a packaging signal overlapping the coding and noncoding regions at the 5' end of the PB2 segment

We generated recombinant A/WSN/33 influenza A viruses expressing a PB2 protein fused to a Flag epitope at the N- (Flag-PB2) or C-terminus (PB2-Flag), which replicated efficiently and proved to be stable upon serial passage in vitro on MDCK cells. Rescue of PB2-Flag viruses required that the 5' end of the PB2 segment was kept identical to the wild-type beyond the 34 noncoding terminal nucleotides. This feature was achieved by a duplication of the 109 last nucleotides encoding PB2 between the Flag sequence and the 5'NCR. In PB2 mini-genomes rescue experiments, both the 5' and 3' coding ends of the PB2 segment were found to promote the incorporation of mini-genomes into virions. However, the presence of the Flag sequence at the junction between the 3'NCR and the coding sequence did not prevent the rescue of Flag-PB2 viruses. Our observations define requirements that may be useful for the purpose of engineering influenza RNAs.     

Mucosal immunization with attenuated Shigella flexneri harboring an influenza hemagglutinin DNA vaccine protects mice against a lethal influenza challenge

Mucosal surfaces are important for the induction of immunity against influenza virus. In a murine intranasal immunization model, we demonstrated that the attenuated Shigella flexneri Deltaasd strain 15D, carrying a DNA construct encoding the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), induces protective immunity against a lethal respiratory challenge with influenza A/WSN/33. Influenza virus-specific IFN-gamma T cells were detected among splenocytes, and anti-HA IgG was detected in serum post-immunization, albeit at low levels. Following influenza virus challenge, an accelerated anti-HA IgA antibody response was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) washings from mice vaccinated with attenuated shigella containing the HA construct. These results suggest that S. flexneri Deltaasd strain 15D is a promising vector for mucosal DNA vaccine immunization against influenza virus and other mucosal pathogens.     

The utility of siRNA transcripts produced by RNA polymerase i in down regulating viral gene expression and replication of negative- and positive-strand RNA viruses

Short interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNAs) expressed under the control of an RNA polymerase I promoter system were used to target gene expression of influenza A and West Nile virus. Decreased RNA and protein expression was induced in a sequence-specific manner-reducing sequence complementarity from 21 to 17 nucleotides abrogated the siRNA effect. Reduced M(2) expression resulted in a decrease in total and infectious influenza A virus production. WNV protein expression, genomic RNA, and infectious virus production were all dramatically reduced by siRNAs targeting two distinct viral sequences. The data demonstrate the utility of plasmid-driven siRNAs in regulating the expression of single viral genes, global viral gene expression, as a potential antiviral treatment, and as a genetic tool for viruses whose genomes are difficult to manipulate.     

Expression of an endogenous and a heterologous gene in Candida maltosa by using a promoter of a newly-isolated phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene

A gene encoding phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) was isolated from the genomic library of C. maltosa to construct an expression vector for this yeast. The PGK gene had an open reading frame of 1251 base pairs encoding approximately 47-kDA polypeptide of 417 amino-acid residues. Expression of this gene assayed by Northern-blot analysis was significantly induced in cells grown on glucose but not in cells grown on n-tetradecane, n-tetradecanol, or oleic acid. By using the promoter region of this gene, an expression vector (termed pMEA1) for C. maltosa was constructed and expression of an endogenous gene (P450alkl encoding one of cytochrome P450s for n-alkane hydroxylation in C. maltosa) and a heterologous gene (LAC4 encoding Kluyveromyces lactis -galactosidase) was tested. Expression of P450alkl gene was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels. LAC4 gene expression was confirmed by determining -galactosidase activity. The activity in cells grown on various carbon sources correlated very well with the expression levels of PGK mRNA in these cells.     

应用巢式RT-PCR扩增HA和NA基因片段并测序鉴定甲型H1N1流感病毒

目的 建立一种利用巢式RT-PCR特异扩增HA和NA基因片段并测序鉴定甲型H1N1流感病毒的技术.方法 设计两套共7条特异引物,通过巢式RT-PCR分别扩增甲型H1N1流感病毒HA和NA基因片段并测序,所得序列与人感染甲型流感病毒主要HA和NA亚型序列进行进化树分析以对结果作进一步鉴定,蛋白序列比对后分析其特征.结果 4例甲型H1N1流感患者流感病毒HA和NA基因RT-PCR扩增均分别得到442 bp和543 bp片段产物.核苷酸序列进化分析表明,该4例患者HA和NA序列分别与2009年爆发的甲型H1N1流感病毒HA及NA序列聚集在一起,与季节性H1、H2、H3、人禽流感H5亚型及季节性N1、N2、人禽流感N1亚型特异分开.蛋白序列分析表明,4例患者流感病毒HA蛋白裂解位点附近氨基酸序列均为PSIQSR↓GLF,不具有高致病性流感病毒的特性,NA蛋白第275位氨基酸为His,未出现H275Y的耐药变异.结论 本方法能特异扩增甲型H1N1流感病毒HA和NA基因片段,测序后可用于甲型H1N1流感病毒的进一步鉴定;同时,得到的序列也可用于流感病毒致病力及耐药性的分析.