ATP结合盒转运蛋白A5在胰腺癌中的预后意义的生物信息学分析与验证

背景与目的 ATP结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白家族的成员ABCA5在多种肿瘤中发挥着重要的作用。然而,ABCA5在胰腺癌中的研究尚不清楚。因此,本研究通过生物信息学分析及临床样本验证,探讨ABCA5在胰腺癌中的表达及与患者预后的关系,同时对ABCA5在胰腺癌中的可能作用机制进行分析。方法 使用TCGA和GEO数据库,分析ABCA5在胰腺癌组织及正常组织中的表达情况,并用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线,Cox比例风险模型进行单因素与多因素分析。采用免疫组织化学法检测65例胰腺癌组织和癌旁组织中ABCA5的表达,并分析其与预后及胰腺癌临床病理特征的关系。使用TIMER、STRING和Gene MANIA数据库对ABCA5与免疫细胞浸润、蛋白互相作用网络（PPI）和基因-基因互作网络进行分析。利用基因富集分析（GSEA）和相关性分析对ABCA5在胰腺癌中可能参与的信号通路及其可能的作用机制进行探索。通过癌症药物敏感性基因组学（GDSC）分析ABCA5与治疗药物敏感性的关系。结果 在TCGA和GEO数据集中,ABCA5在胰腺癌组织中的表达明显低于正常组织（均P<0.05）。在TCGA和GSE62452数据集中,ABCA5低表达的患者生存时间明显缩短（均P<0.05）;ABCA5的表达是胰腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素（HR=0.458,P=0.001;HR=0.439,P=0.017）。65例临床病例分析显示,ABCA5在癌组织与癌旁组织相比处于低表达水平,且ABCA5低表达患者的预后更差（均P<0.05）,单因素与多因素Cox回归分析表明ABCA5的表达是胰腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素（HR=0.327,P=0.032）。TIMER数据库结果显示,ABCA5表达与免疫浸润密切相关。PPI蛋白互作网络显示,有14个与ABCA5相关的互作蛋白;基因-基因互作关系网络图得到20个与ABCA5相关的互作基因。基因富集分析与相关性分析结果显示,ABCA5在胰腺癌中可能与细胞周期和铁死亡有关。ABCA5高表达患者对5种治疗药物的IC₅₀明显低于ABCA5低表达患者（均P<0.05）。结论 ABCA5在胰腺癌组织中低表达并与患者不良预后相关,其表达水平是胰腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素,ABCA5在胰腺癌中的作用机制可能与细胞周期、免疫调节和铁死亡有关。     

三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2基因在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2（ABCG2）在胃癌组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学（免疫组化）方法（IHC染色）检测ABCG2在45例手术切除胃癌组织和30例正常胃黏膜中的表达情况：应用RT—PCR和实时定量PCR检测30例胃癌患者的癌组织及胃切缘正常胃黏膜ABCG2的mRNA表达。结果ABCG2在胃癌原发灶组织中有较高程度的表达．其阳性率为62．2％；而30例正常胃黏膜中的阳性表达率为6．7％；两者比较P〈0.05。ABCG2在低分化腺癌中的表达高于中-高分化腺癌（P〈0.05）；胃癌组织中ABCG2mRNA水平的表达明显高于胃正常黏膜（P〈0.05）．与免疫组化结果一致。结论ABCG2在胃癌组织中过度表达．其可能在某种程度上参与了胃癌的发生和发展，可以作为胃癌肿瘤干细胞研究的重要分子。     

Ox-LDL对血管内皮细胞ABCA1及炎症因子表达的研究

目的：研究在致动脉粥样硬化（AS）因子氧化低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Ox-LDL）刺激下,人血管内皮细胞ECV304中ATP-结合盒转运子A1（ABCA1）对炎性细胞因子ICAM-1及IL-1β水平调节作用,阐明ABCA1基因在AS发生中的可能机制。方法：培养人血管内皮细胞株ECV304,加入Ox-LDL（30ng／ml）刺激3、6、12、24h,以荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）检测ABCA1、ICAM1 mRNA表达量,Western blot和酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测ABCA1、ICAM1及IL-1β蛋白表达量;ABCA1的反义寡核苷酸（100nmol／L）转染人血管内皮细胞,按相同方法给予Ox-LDL刺激细胞,同样的方法测定上述指标的改变。阴性对照为未加Ox-LDL刺激并同时培养的细胞。结果：与阴性对照组比较,人血管内皮细胞株ECV304在给予Ox-LDL刺激不同时间后,AB—CA1、ICAM-1的mRNA和蛋白及IL-1β蛋白水平均增高;给予ABCA1反义寡核苷酸转染后各时间点ABCA1、ICAM-1 mRNA表达均降低,ABCA1、ICAM-1及IL-1β蛋白表达水平也降低。结论：人管内皮细胞在Ox-LDL作用下,其ABCA1可能通过增加IL-1β的表达,促进炎症细胞因子ICAM-1释放,在AS的早期发生中发挥作用。     

Polyunsaturated fatty acids increase fibrinolytic activity of human isolated glomeruli

The release of plasminogen activators (PA) from human isolated glomeruli has been studied by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay using 125I-fibrin coated tubes and plasminogen. The glomerular fibrinolytic activity (GFA) was detectable after 15 minutes of incubation. Then it increased with time, the glomerular protein concentration, and with the plasminogen concentration (P less than 0.001 for all). CaCl2 (1 mM) increased the GFA (9.7 +/- 0.9 versus 4.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms fibrin/mg/30 min, P less than 0.05). The GFA was also enhanced when pH increased. Arachidonic acid (AA, 1 to 20 micrograms/ml) increased the GFA in a saturable manner. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (aspirin) or of lipoxygenase (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) did not modify the basal and AA-stimulated GFA. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), eicosatrienoic acid (ETA), eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), or dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid (DHL), also stimulated the GFA whereas linoleic acid and oleic acid did not. Polyunsaturated fatty acids also stimulated the fibrinolytic activity of glomerular supernatants. Specific antibodies to t-PA, and to a lesser extent to u-PA, decreased this fibrinolytic activity whether or not AA was added. Furthermore, AA and EPA were found to increase the activity of purified u-PA and t-PA. We conclude that human glomeruli release both t-PA and u-PA, and that this release is increased by calcium and alkaline pH. The polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced the GFA, mainly by a stimulatory effect of PA activity rather than an increased release of PA from glomerular cells.     

The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 R230C variant affects HDL cholesterol levels and BMI in the Mexican population: association with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities

Although ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is well known for its role in cholesterol efflux and HDL formation, it is expressed in various tissues, where it may have different functions. Because hypoalphalipoproteinemia is highly prevalent in Mexico, we screened the ABCA1 coding sequence in Mexican individuals with low and high HDL cholesterol levels to seek functional variants. A highly frequent nonsynonymous variant (R230C) was identified in low-HDL cholesterol but not in high-HDL cholesterol individuals (P = 0.00006). We thus assessed its frequency in the Mexican-Mestizo general population, seeking possible associations with several metabolic traits. R230C was screened in 429 Mexican Mestizos using Taqman assays, and it was found in 20.1% of these individuals. The variant was significantly associated not only with decreased HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels but also with obesity (odds ratio 2.527, P = 0.005), the metabolic syndrome (1.893, P = 0.0007), and type 2 diabetes (4.527, P = 0.003). All of these associations remained significant after adjusting for admixture (P = 0.011, P = 0.001, and P = 0.006, respectively). This is the first study reporting the association of an ABCA1 variant with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities as being epidemiologically relevant in the Mexican population.     

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and renal fibrosis: pathophysiologic link and potential clinical implications

The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in renal fibrosis. Several studies suggest a close relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and renal inflammation and fibrosis, which are crucial stages in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on the course of experimental and human nephropathies have been reported. PUFA can ameliorate chronic, progressive renal injury beyond the simple reduction of serum lipid levels. These pleiotropic effects of PUFA are due to their properties of interfering with the synthesis of a variety of inflammatory factors and events, through effects related both to the modulation of the balance of n-6 and n-3-derived eicosanoids and to direct action on the cellular production of the major cytokine mediators of inflammation and on endothelium function. The mechanisms by which PUFA can favorably interfere with some stages in renal fibrosis processes, such as mesangial cell activation and proliferation and extracellular matrix protein synthesis, include the regulation of some pro-inflammatory cytokine production, renin and nitric oxide (NO) systems and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression. An optimal n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio dietary intake could offer new therapeutic strategies aimed at interrupting the irreversible process of renal fibrosis and ameliorating chronic renal injury. However, further experimental, epidemiological and clinical investigations are needed to confirm the role of PUFA in the renal fibrosis pathway and the natural history of chronic nephropathies.     

Liver X receptors downregulate 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and activity

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD-1) converts inactive corticosteroids into biologically active corticosteroids, thereby regulating the local concentration of active glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. 11beta-HSD-1 is particularly expressed in adipocytes and liver and appears to be causally linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Liver X receptor (LXR)-alpha and -beta are nuclear oxysterol receptors whose key role in lipid metabolic regulation has recently been established. In this study, we show that treatment of adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro with synthetic or natural LXR agonists decreases mRNA expression of 11beta-HSD-1 by approximately 50%, paralleled by a significant decline in 11beta-HSD-1 enzyme activity. Downregulation of 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA by LXRs started after a lag period of 8 h and required ongoing protein synthesis. Moreover, long-term per os treatment with a synthetic LXR agonist downregulated 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA levels by approximately 50% in brown adipose tissue and liver of wild-type but not of LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice and was paralleled by downregulation of hepatic PEPCK expression. In conclusion, LXR ligands could mediate beneficial metabolic effects in insulin resistance syndromes including type 2 diabetes by interfering with peripheral glucocorticoid activation.     

氟尿嘧啶对人结肠癌SW480细胞ABCG2表达的影响

目的观察氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）对人结肠癌SW480细胞ABCG2表达的影响。方法用不同药物浓度的5-FU处理SW480细胞,用CCK8法检测5-FU在SW480中的IC50,流式细胞仪检测SW480细胞ABCG2的阳性表达率．RT—PCR检测ABCG2的mRNA在SW480细胞中的表达差异。结果5-FU对SW480细胞的IC50随着药物浓度的增加而升高（P〈0．05）。流式细胞仪检测发现,正常SW480细胞（A组）中ABCG2阳性表达率为（6．26±0．86）％;在药物处理48h后即刻检测时（B组）的阳性表达率下降至（3．43±1．18）％（P〈0．05）;在药物处理48h后的第2代细胞检测时（c组）则升高至（12．91±3．42）％（P〈0.05）。3组ABCG2mRNA表达趋势与流式细胞仪检测结果的趋势一致。结论不同浓度的5-FU可以影响人结肠癌SW480细胞ABCG2的表达。     

Impact of cytochrome P450 3A and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 polymorphisms on tacrolimus dose-adjusted trough concentrations among Korean renal transplant recipients

Background

Tacrolimus is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the CYP3A and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) genes, respectively. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of CYP3A and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes in Korean renal transplant recipients.

Methods

We analyzed data from a cohort of 70 renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. CYP3A4*4, CYP3A4*5, CYP3A4*18, CYP3A5*3, ABCB1 C1236>T, ABCB1 G2677>T/A, and ABCB1 C3435>T polymorphisms were genotyped and correlated to dose-adjusted tacrolimus trough concentration at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after transplantation.

Results

Patients with the CYP3A5*3 alleles showed higher dose-adjusted tacrolimus concentrations for 12 months and higher trough levels until 6 months after transplantation. ABCB1 polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with tacrolimus concentrations. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of ≥1 CYP3A5*3 allele was a significant independent variable affecting dose-adjusted tacrolimus concentrations. Glomerular filtration rate, acute rejection, opportunistic infection, and graft survival were not affected by CYP3A5 polymorphisms. Calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, which showed higher tendency in patients with CYP3A5*1 alleles, might be associated with higher tacrolimus dose per kilogram.

Conclusions

The CYP3A5 genotype is a major factor in determining the dose requirement of tacrolimus, and genotyping may be of value in individualization of immunosuppressive therapy of renal transplant patients.     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体成员2在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与神经巢蛋白表达的关系

目的 探讨三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体成员2(ABCG2)在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其与胶质瘤分级和神经巢蛋白(nestin)表达的关系.方法 实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测ABCG2在52例不同病理级别胶质瘤中的mRNA表达;免疫组织化学SABC法检测ABCG2和nestin的蛋白表达.结果 ABCG2在脑胶质瘤中的mRNA表达与正常脑组织比较呈过表达(P<0.05),且随着病理级别的升高而增加(P<0.05);免疫组织化学显示ABCG2在52例胶质瘤中的阳性表达率为32.7%(17/52),并与病理级别明显相关(x2=4.62,P<0.05),主要呈亲血管分布;ABCG2的表达与nestin的表达明显相关(x2=7.60,P<0.05).结论 ABCG2在人脑胶质瘤中的表达随着病理级别的升高而逐渐增加,且与nestin的表达呈正相关;脑肿瘤干细胞可能与神经干细胞具有一定的同源性.     

Glucose degradation products downregulate ZO-1 expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells: the role of VEGF.

BACKGROUND: Glucose degradation products (GDPs) are formed during heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluid and, to a lesser extent, during their prolonged storage. In vitro studies have demonstrated that GDPs impair functions of peritoneal mesothelial cells, including proliferation, viability and cytokine release. In the present study, we studied the acute effect of GDPs on the expression of tight junction-associated protein, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). The role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by GDPs in the expression of ZO-1 was also examined. METHODS: HPMC were cultured with GDPs, including 2-furaldehyde (FurA), methylglyoxal (M-Glx) and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE). The expression of ZO-1 and the synthesis of VEGF were examined. To define the role of VEGF on the regulation of ZO-1 expression, HPMC were cultured with GDPs in the presence or absence of neutralizing antibody to VEGF. The signal pathways involved in VEGF synthesis induced by GDPs were also characterized. RESULTS: ZO-1 expression in HPMC was downregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner following culture with subtoxic concentrations of GDPs (FurA, M-Glx and 3,4-DGE). All three GDPs increased VEGF synthesis in HPMC. Exogenous VEGF downregulated the expression of ZO-1 and neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody reversed the effect of GDPs on ZO-1 expression in HPMC, suggesting the action of GDPs on ZO-1 expression was mediated by VEGF. All three GDPs activated the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathways. The GDP-induced VEGF and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta synthesis in HPMC was partially reduced by either the p42/p44 MAPK inhibitor (PD98059) or the PKC inhibitor (staurosporine). More importantly, the VEGF and TGF-beta synthesis induced by GDPs in HPMC was completely blocked by synergistic action of both inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that short-term exposure to GDPs downregulates ZO-1 expression in HPMC through the generation of VEGF. Our study provides evidence that GDPs can directly induce VEGF and TGF-beta production in HPMC through the activation of p42/44 MAPK and PKC signal transduction pathways.     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体成员2在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与神经巢蛋白表达的关系

Objective To study the expression of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 ( ABCG2) and its relationship with the malignant degree and expression of nestin in human gliomas. Methods Fifty-two gliomas of different WHO grades and 8 normal brain tissues were detected for the mRNA expression of ABCG2 by using real-time quantitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the protein expression of ABCG2 and nestin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The mRNA of ABCG2 was overexpressed in gliomas as compared with that in normal brain tissues (P<0. 05), and up-regulated with the increase of pathologic degrees (P<0. 05 ). The positive protein expression rate of ABCG2 in 52 gliomas was 32.7%. The positive rate was significantly higher in grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ than in grade Ⅰ -Ⅱ (x2 =4. 62, P < 0. 05). And the expression level of ABCG2 was obviously related with the expression of nestin (x2= 7. 60,P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression level of ABCG2 was obviously related with glioma pathological grade and the expression of nestin. Brain tumor stem cells may have some homology with nerve stem cells.     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体成员2在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与神经巢蛋白表达的关系

Objective To study the expression of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 ( ABCG2) and its relationship with the malignant degree and expression of nestin in human gliomas. Methods Fifty-two gliomas of different WHO grades and 8 normal brain tissues were detected for the mRNA expression of ABCG2 by using real-time quantitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the protein expression of ABCG2 and nestin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The mRNA of ABCG2 was overexpressed in gliomas as compared with that in normal brain tissues (P<0. 05), and up-regulated with the increase of pathologic degrees (P<0. 05 ). The positive protein expression rate of ABCG2 in 52 gliomas was 32.7%. The positive rate was significantly higher in grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ than in grade Ⅰ -Ⅱ (x2 =4. 62, P < 0. 05). And the expression level of ABCG2 was obviously related with the expression of nestin (x2= 7. 60,P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression level of ABCG2 was obviously related with glioma pathological grade and the expression of nestin. Brain tumor stem cells may have some homology with nerve stem cells.     

Aldosterone decreases UT-A1 urea transporter expression via the mineralocorticoid receptor

Adrenalectomy in rats is associated with urinary concentrating and diluting defects. This study tested the effect of adrenal steroids on the UT-A1 urea transporter because it is involved in the urine-concentrating mechanism. Rats were adrenalectomized and given normal saline for 14 d, after which they received (1) vehicle, (2) aldosterone, or (3) spironolactone plus aldosterone. Adrenalectomy alone significantly increased UT-A1 protein in the inner medullary tip after 7 d, whereas aldosterone repletion reversed the effect. Spironolactone blocked the aldosterone-induced decrease in UT-A1, indicating that aldosterone was working via the mineralocorticoid receptor. For verifying that glucocorticoids downregulate UT-A1 protein through a different receptor, three groups of adrenalectomized rats were prepared: (1) vehicle, (2) adrenalectomy plus dexamethasone, and (3) adrenalectomy plus dexamethasone and spironolactone. Dexamethasone significantly reversed UT-A1 protein abundance increase in the inner medullary tip of adrenalectomized rats. When spironolactone was given with dexamethasone, it did not affect the dexamethasone-induced decrease in UT-A1. There was no significant change in serum vasopressin level, aquaporin 2, or Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter NKCC2/BSC1 protein abundances or UT-A1 mRNA abundance in any of the groups. In conclusion, either mineralocorticoids or glucocorticoids can downregulate UT-A1 protein. The decrease in UT-A1 does not require both steroid hormones, and each works through a different receptor.     

Developmental changes in multispecific organic anion transporter 1 expression in the rat kidney

BACKGROUND: The cDNA of the multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) responsible for the tubular secretion of organic anions was recently isolated. In the current study, we investigated the developmental changes in OAT1 expression in the rat kidney. METHODS: Ontogenic expression of rat OAT1 was investigated by Northern blot, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, para-aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation was measured using fetal, neonatal, and adult rat kidney slices. RESULTS: In Northern blot analysis, OAT1 was detected as early as on embryonic day 18 in the fetal kidney. The expression level of OAT1 mRNA increased remarkably just after birth (postnatal day 0). In situ hybridization revealed OAT1 expression on embryonic day 19. In both the fetal and neonatal kidneys, OAT1 mRNA was localized in a relatively deep region in the cortex. Western blot analysis detected OAT1 protein on embryonic day 20, and the expression level increased after birth. Immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal OAT1 staining in the fetal kidneys. A faint signal of OAT1 protein was detected on postnatal day 0; thereafter, the expression level increased. In the functional study using kidney slices, low but definite probenecid-sensitive PAH accumulation was noted in fetal rat kidney on embryonic day 20. After birth, probenecid-sensitive PAH uptake was increased. CONCLUSIONS: The present study consistently demonstrates the remarkable increase of OAT1 expression after birth, and the immature excretory capacity of the proximal tubules of the neonatal kidney can be attributed, at least in part, to the low expression level of OAT1.     

Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2

Interest in how the gut microbiome can influence the metabolic state of the host has recently heightened. One postulated link is bacterial fermentation of "indigestible" prebiotics to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn modulate the release of gut hormones controlling insulin release and appetite. We show here that SCFAs trigger secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 from mixed colonic cultures in vitro. Quantitative PCR revealed enriched expression of the SCFA receptors ffar2 (grp43) and ffar3 (gpr41) in GLP-1-secreting L cells, and consistent with the reported coupling of GPR43 to Gq signaling pathways, SCFAs raised cytosolic Ca2+ in L cells in primary culture. Mice lacking ffar2 or ffar3 exhibited reduced SCFA-triggered GLP-1 secretion in vitro and in vivo and a parallel impairment of glucose tolerance. These results highlight SCFAs and their receptors as potential targets for the treatment of diabetes.     

Spillover of dietary fatty acids and use of serum nonesterified fatty acids for the synthesis of VLDL-triacylglycerol under two different feeding regimens

The present study quantified dietary fatty acid flux in healthy men (n = 6) who were fed a liquid formula through a duodenal feeding tube (continuous feeding group) or who consumed the same formula in meals (meal feeding group). A triacylglycerol (TAG) stable isotope was added to the formula to determine the entry of dietary fatty acids into the serum and its clearance to the liver and resecretion into serum via VLDL. The contribution of dietary fatty acids to serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was higher with meal feeding (24.4 +/- 2.6%) compared with continuous feeding (10.8 +/- 2.9%, P < 0.01) and, when multiplied by the NEFA concentration, resulted in similar absolute fatty acid spillover. Diet-derived NEFAs subsequently represented 10.6 +/- 1.2% and 4.7 +/- 1.3% of hepatic VLDL-TAG (meal feeding vs. continuous feeding, respectively, P = 0.004). Chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver contributed 9.3 +/- 1.9% of fatty acids to hepatic VLDL-TAG synthesis with meal feeding compared with continuous feeding (4.4 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.03). These data suggest that the extent of dietary fatty acid recycling via serum NEFAs and VLDL-TAG is determined by the rate of delivery of dietary fat to the intestine. The inefficient removal of dietary fat from the circulation may maintain VLDL-TAG production but may also result in prolonged postprandial lipemia.     

Blockade by polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids of endotoxin-induced monocytic tissue factor activation is mediated by the depressed receptor expression in THP-1 cells

We have reported the sequences of four novel proteins derived from extracts of human aortic tissue and a cDNA library from human aortic adventitia. These proteins are immunoreactive with serum immunoglobulins from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), and they have homologies of amino acid sequence with microfibrillar proteins of connective tissue. We are reporting separately that two of these proteins are artery-specific antigenic proteins (ASAPs) in man. The present work investigates the regional distribution of these two proteins (AAAP-40 and MatCAM-1) in mouse (E-beta-b). Antibodies were raised in rabbit against polypeptides encoding novel amino acid sequences, unique to these proteins (e.g., not reported in GenBank). Immunohistochemical studies with these two specific antibodies show conspicuous immunoreactivity of collagen-associated microfibrils in the aortic adventitia of the murine abdominal and thoracic aorta. Immunoreactive peptides were not present in brain, muscle, or kidney. These findings support the hypothesis that proteins occur in the mouse that are homologous to a unique family of aortic microfibrillar proteins in man.